SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 11
‫الفحم‬ ‫أنواع‬
‫الكوك‬ ‫فحم‬
COKE
‫ي‬‫الحجر‬‫الفحم‬
coal
‫النباتي‬‫الفحم‬
Charcoal
Gas
coke
semi
coke
Coke
Breeze
Bituminous
Coal
Steaming
Coal
Anthracite
Coal
Hardwood Lump
Charcoal
Briquette
charcoal
Petroleum
coke
‫البترول‬ ‫تكرير‬ ‫نواتج‬ ‫من‬ ‫ناتج‬ ‫البترولي‬ ‫الكوك‬ ‫فحم‬
.
‫بالبيئ‬ ‫الضارة‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫والمعادن‬ ‫الكبريت‬ ‫من‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫نسب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫يحتوي‬
‫ة‬
.
‫نسب‬ ‫وجود‬
‫عاليه‬
‫اكاسي‬ ‫ينتج‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫استعماله‬ ‫لمنع‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫الكبريت‬ ‫من‬
‫د‬
‫بالبيئة‬ ‫بليغا‬ ‫ضررا‬ ‫تمثل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكبريت‬
.
Sulfur oxide refers to many types such as SO, SO2, SO3, S7O2,
S6O2, S2O2, etc
‫يخضع‬ ‫لذلك‬ ‫البترولي‬ ‫الكوك‬ ‫لفحم‬ ‫السعرية‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫من‬ ‫يقلل‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫بنسب‬ ‫الكبريت‬ ‫وجود‬
‫الكبريت‬ ‫من‬ ‫للتخلص‬ ‫معالجة‬ ‫لعمليات‬
.
‫تتم‬ ‫الكبريت‬ ‫من‬ ‫التخلص‬ ‫عملية‬
‫باحدي‬
‫االتية‬ ‫الطرق‬
:
Solvent extraction :
Using organic solvents to dissolve sulfur present in
petcoke such as phenols and nitrobenzene, p-cresol
and Xylene .
Thermal desulphurization:
process whereby a fixed static bed of petcoke is heated
under atmospheric pressure in an inert atmosphere to a
specified temperature and then kept at that temperature
for a specified period of time.
Treatment with alkali metal compounds:
Coke may be desulfurized by treatment with an alhali
metal compound. More than 98% sulphur can be
removed using NaOH, Na2CO3 and K2CO3.
References
T. Reis; To coke, desulfurize and calcine, Part 2: Coke quality and its control, Hydrocarbon
Processing, June 1975, pp. 97–104.
R. A. Meyers, Handbook of petroleum refinery processes, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York
Petroleum coke can contain vanadium, a toxic metal.
Vanadium was found in the dust collected in occupied
dwellings near the petroleum coke stored next to the
Detroit River. Vanadium is toxic in tiny quantities, 0.8
micrograms per cubic meter of air, according to the EPA.
contain the following:
Wood charcoal
Coal
Limestone (CaCO3)
Starch
Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O)
Sodium nitrate (NaNO3 )
Sawdust
Lighter fluid
** These chemicals act as binder
http://amazingribs.com/tips_and_technique/zen_of_charcoal.html
Charcoal briquettes
‫التصنيع‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫اثناء‬ ‫كيميائية‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫إضافة‬ ‫يوضح‬ ‫مثال‬
• Made from the sawdust of scrap wood Combined with chemical binders and filler
(including coal dust) and manually compressed into their characteristic pillow
shapes.

the sawdust arrives in a conveyor (A) and then enters a huge rotating barrel (B) for
tumble drying that takes the moisture down to about 35%.
Then it goes into special ovens called retorts (C).
Once the char is cooked it is crushed and mixed with small amounts of anthracite coal
(almost pure carbon), mineral charcoal (a form of charcoal found in coal mines), starch,
sodium nitrate, limestone, borax, and sawdust.

How are small circular charcoal discs
formed?
These items are in fact a combination of charcoal and a
number of other ingredients that are moulded together
into specific shapes. The precise components used vary
from product to product, but they can include
ingredients such as sawdust and sodium nitrate. These
additions are used as binders, to improve ignition and to
promote steady burning, as well as to make the
manufacturing process more efficient.
 ‫والنش‬ ‫الصوديوم‬ ‫نترات‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫كيميائية‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫تصنيعه‬ ‫في‬ ‫يدخل‬
‫ا‬
 Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and is sometimes utilized
as biochar. Those derived from coal and coke are referred as activated
coal and activated coke respectively.
 Applications:
 iPack Trading Establishment
 Kuwait Ferro Alloys
 Al Baraka International Commercial Co.
 Dera Al Dogha General Trading Co. Ltd.
 Abo Tammam Gen. Trd. & Cont. Co. Ltd.
 Al Qaterra Al Alamiya Transport Co.
 Kuwait Agriculture Company
 Al Jisr International Trading Co.
 klmat International Company
 Gulf Resources Gen. Trd. & Cont. Co.
‫الصحية‬ ‫الفحم‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫يحذرون‬ ‫البيئة‬ ‫خبراء‬
‫والبيئية‬
..
‫ويؤكدون‬
:
‫من‬ ‫للتخلص‬ ‫يسعى‬ ‫العالم‬
‫ه‬
‫بحلول‬
2040
 ‫يحمل‬ ،‫الغاز‬ ‫من‬ ‫تلويثا‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫الفحم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫المعلوم‬ ‫من‬
‫واستخراجه‬ ‫ونقله‬ ،‫استخدامه‬ ‫مع‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫مخاطر‬
‫التحول‬ ‫يحمل‬ ‫كما‬ ،‫مخلفاته‬ ‫من‬ ‫التخلص‬ ‫مع‬ ‫وأيضا‬
‫الحتياجه‬ ‫نظرا‬ ،‫كبيرة‬ ‫اقتصادية‬ ‫أعباء‬ ‫الفحم‬ ‫الستخدام‬
‫ونقل‬ ،‫الستيراده‬ ‫الالزمة‬ ‫التحتية‬ ‫البنية‬ ‫فى‬ ‫لتجهيزات‬
‫ه‬
‫ظل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫كل‬ ،‫استخدامه‬ ‫تقنيات‬ ‫فى‬ ‫وأيضا‬ ‫وتخزينه‬
‫جدواه‬ ‫حول‬ ‫اقتصادية‬ ‫دراسات‬ ‫استكمال‬ ‫أو‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬
‫بيئية‬ ‫دراسات‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫استمراره‬ ‫وضمان‬ ‫أسعاره‬ ‫ثبات‬ ‫وفرص‬
‫والصحية‬ ‫البيئية‬ ‫والعواقب‬ ‫األعباء‬ ‫حول‬
.
 ‫الكثي‬ ‫دفعت‬ ‫التى‬ ‫للدرجة‬ ‫للبيئة‬ ‫التلويث‬ ‫شديد‬ ‫الفحم‬
‫ر‬
‫البنوك‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫األمر‬ ،‫استخدامه‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للعزوف‬ ‫الدول‬ ‫من‬
‫على‬ ‫للتضييق‬ ‫واألوروبى‬ ‫الدولى‬ ‫البنك‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الدولية‬
‫الفحم‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعتمد‬ ‫التى‬ ‫المشروعات‬ ‫تمويل‬
.
‫الفحم‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫البيئ‬ ‫اآلثار‬
‫من‬ ‫فهو‬ ،ٍ‫كبير‬ ٍ‫بشكل‬ ‫األرض‬ ‫حرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫يزيد‬ ‫مما‬ ‫الجو‬ ‫في‬ ‫الدفيئة‬ ‫الغازات‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫زيادة‬
‫حرقه‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫الغازات‬ ‫لهذه‬ ً‫إطالقا‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫أكثر‬
.
‫تن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األكاسيد‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫الجو‬ ‫في‬ ‫والكربوتيك‬ ‫والنيتريك‬ ‫الكبريتيك‬ ‫أحماض‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫زيادة‬
‫تج‬
‫في‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الحمض‬ ‫األمطار‬ ‫سقوط‬ ‫في‬ ‫األحماض‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ضرر‬ ‫ويكمن‬ ،‫احتراقه‬ ‫عند‬
‫في‬ ‫وضيق‬ ‫القصبات‬ ‫التهاب‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫لإلنسان‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫وتسبب‬ ،‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الح‬ ‫والكائنات‬ ‫النباتات‬
ّ‫ي‬‫الدخان‬ ‫الضباب‬ ‫تسبب‬ ‫النيتروجين‬ ‫أكاسيد‬ ّ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫كما‬ ،‫القلب‬ ‫ات‬ّ‫دق‬ ‫في‬ ‫واضطراب‬ ‫س‬ّ‫ف‬‫التن‬
ّ‫ي‬‫التنفس‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫من‬ ‫ويزيد‬ ،‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الرئو‬ ‫األنسجة‬ ‫يلهب‬ ‫الذي‬
.
‫السلسلة‬ ‫في‬ ‫أساسي‬ ٍ‫بشكل‬ ‫تدخل‬ ‫يجعلها‬ ‫ما‬ ‫الجو‬ ‫في‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫م‬‫السا‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫انبعاث‬
‫من‬ ٍ‫بكثير‬ ‫يصاب‬ ‫فإنه‬ ‫زائدة‬ ‫بكميات‬ ‫اإلنسان‬ ‫استهلكها‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫فهذه‬ ،‫لإلنسان‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الغذائ‬
‫بالدماغ‬ ‫اإلضرار‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫وفي‬ ‫األجنة‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ونقص‬ ،‫المبكرة‬ ‫الوالدات‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫المشاكل‬
‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الطبيع‬ ‫الرضاعة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الرضع‬ ‫عند‬ ‫واألعصاب‬
.
‫الزرنيخ‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫لإلنسان‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫تسبب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الضارة‬ ‫والعناصر‬ ‫الغازات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫انبعاث‬
،‫الرئة‬ ‫وسرطان‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫وفقر‬ ‫المعدة‬ ‫قرحة‬ ‫يسبب‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫والكروم‬ ،‫السرطان‬ ‫يسبب‬ ‫الذي‬
‫والشلل‬ ‫البصر‬ ‫ضعف‬ ‫يسبب‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫والسيلينيوم‬
.
‫واألرز‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الشام‬ ‫والذرة‬ ‫القمح‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الزراعية‬ ‫المحاصيل‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫إنتاج‬ ‫في‬ ‫التأثير‬
.

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

coke.ppt

  • 2. ‫البترول‬ ‫تكرير‬ ‫نواتج‬ ‫من‬ ‫ناتج‬ ‫البترولي‬ ‫الكوك‬ ‫فحم‬ . ‫بالبيئ‬ ‫الضارة‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫والمعادن‬ ‫الكبريت‬ ‫من‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫نسب‬ ‫علي‬ ‫يحتوي‬ ‫ة‬ . ‫نسب‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عاليه‬ ‫اكاسي‬ ‫ينتج‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫استعماله‬ ‫لمنع‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫الكبريت‬ ‫من‬ ‫د‬ ‫بالبيئة‬ ‫بليغا‬ ‫ضررا‬ ‫تمثل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكبريت‬ . Sulfur oxide refers to many types such as SO, SO2, SO3, S7O2, S6O2, S2O2, etc ‫يخضع‬ ‫لذلك‬ ‫البترولي‬ ‫الكوك‬ ‫لفحم‬ ‫السعرية‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫من‬ ‫يقلل‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫بنسب‬ ‫الكبريت‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫الكبريت‬ ‫من‬ ‫للتخلص‬ ‫معالجة‬ ‫لعمليات‬ . ‫تتم‬ ‫الكبريت‬ ‫من‬ ‫التخلص‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫باحدي‬ ‫االتية‬ ‫الطرق‬ : Solvent extraction : Using organic solvents to dissolve sulfur present in petcoke such as phenols and nitrobenzene, p-cresol and Xylene . Thermal desulphurization: process whereby a fixed static bed of petcoke is heated under atmospheric pressure in an inert atmosphere to a specified temperature and then kept at that temperature for a specified period of time. Treatment with alkali metal compounds: Coke may be desulfurized by treatment with an alhali metal compound. More than 98% sulphur can be removed using NaOH, Na2CO3 and K2CO3.
  • 3. References T. Reis; To coke, desulfurize and calcine, Part 2: Coke quality and its control, Hydrocarbon Processing, June 1975, pp. 97–104. R. A. Meyers, Handbook of petroleum refinery processes, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York Petroleum coke can contain vanadium, a toxic metal. Vanadium was found in the dust collected in occupied dwellings near the petroleum coke stored next to the Detroit River. Vanadium is toxic in tiny quantities, 0.8 micrograms per cubic meter of air, according to the EPA.
  • 4. contain the following: Wood charcoal Coal Limestone (CaCO3) Starch Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) Sodium nitrate (NaNO3 ) Sawdust Lighter fluid ** These chemicals act as binder http://amazingribs.com/tips_and_technique/zen_of_charcoal.html
  • 5. Charcoal briquettes ‫التصنيع‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫اثناء‬ ‫كيميائية‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫إضافة‬ ‫يوضح‬ ‫مثال‬ • Made from the sawdust of scrap wood Combined with chemical binders and filler (including coal dust) and manually compressed into their characteristic pillow shapes.  the sawdust arrives in a conveyor (A) and then enters a huge rotating barrel (B) for tumble drying that takes the moisture down to about 35%. Then it goes into special ovens called retorts (C). Once the char is cooked it is crushed and mixed with small amounts of anthracite coal (almost pure carbon), mineral charcoal (a form of charcoal found in coal mines), starch, sodium nitrate, limestone, borax, and sawdust.
  • 6.  How are small circular charcoal discs formed? These items are in fact a combination of charcoal and a number of other ingredients that are moulded together into specific shapes. The precise components used vary from product to product, but they can include ingredients such as sawdust and sodium nitrate. These additions are used as binders, to improve ignition and to promote steady burning, as well as to make the manufacturing process more efficient.  ‫والنش‬ ‫الصوديوم‬ ‫نترات‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫كيميائية‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫تصنيعه‬ ‫في‬ ‫يدخل‬ ‫ا‬
  • 7.
  • 8.  Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and is sometimes utilized as biochar. Those derived from coal and coke are referred as activated coal and activated coke respectively.  Applications:
  • 9.  iPack Trading Establishment  Kuwait Ferro Alloys  Al Baraka International Commercial Co.  Dera Al Dogha General Trading Co. Ltd.  Abo Tammam Gen. Trd. & Cont. Co. Ltd.  Al Qaterra Al Alamiya Transport Co.  Kuwait Agriculture Company  Al Jisr International Trading Co.  klmat International Company  Gulf Resources Gen. Trd. & Cont. Co.
  • 10. ‫الصحية‬ ‫الفحم‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫يحذرون‬ ‫البيئة‬ ‫خبراء‬ ‫والبيئية‬ .. ‫ويؤكدون‬ : ‫من‬ ‫للتخلص‬ ‫يسعى‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫ه‬ ‫بحلول‬ 2040  ‫يحمل‬ ،‫الغاز‬ ‫من‬ ‫تلويثا‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫الفحم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫المعلوم‬ ‫من‬ ‫واستخراجه‬ ‫ونقله‬ ،‫استخدامه‬ ‫مع‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫التحول‬ ‫يحمل‬ ‫كما‬ ،‫مخلفاته‬ ‫من‬ ‫التخلص‬ ‫مع‬ ‫وأيضا‬ ‫الحتياجه‬ ‫نظرا‬ ،‫كبيرة‬ ‫اقتصادية‬ ‫أعباء‬ ‫الفحم‬ ‫الستخدام‬ ‫ونقل‬ ،‫الستيراده‬ ‫الالزمة‬ ‫التحتية‬ ‫البنية‬ ‫فى‬ ‫لتجهيزات‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ظل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫كل‬ ،‫استخدامه‬ ‫تقنيات‬ ‫فى‬ ‫وأيضا‬ ‫وتخزينه‬ ‫جدواه‬ ‫حول‬ ‫اقتصادية‬ ‫دراسات‬ ‫استكمال‬ ‫أو‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫بيئية‬ ‫دراسات‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫استمراره‬ ‫وضمان‬ ‫أسعاره‬ ‫ثبات‬ ‫وفرص‬ ‫والصحية‬ ‫البيئية‬ ‫والعواقب‬ ‫األعباء‬ ‫حول‬ .  ‫الكثي‬ ‫دفعت‬ ‫التى‬ ‫للدرجة‬ ‫للبيئة‬ ‫التلويث‬ ‫شديد‬ ‫الفحم‬ ‫ر‬ ‫البنوك‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫األمر‬ ،‫استخدامه‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للعزوف‬ ‫الدول‬ ‫من‬ ‫على‬ ‫للتضييق‬ ‫واألوروبى‬ ‫الدولى‬ ‫البنك‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الدولية‬ ‫الفحم‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعتمد‬ ‫التى‬ ‫المشروعات‬ ‫تمويل‬ .
  • 11. ‫الفحم‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫البيئ‬ ‫اآلثار‬ ‫من‬ ‫فهو‬ ،ٍ‫كبير‬ ٍ‫بشكل‬ ‫األرض‬ ‫حرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫يزيد‬ ‫مما‬ ‫الجو‬ ‫في‬ ‫الدفيئة‬ ‫الغازات‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫حرقه‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫الغازات‬ ‫لهذه‬ ً‫إطالقا‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫أكثر‬ . ‫تن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األكاسيد‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫الجو‬ ‫في‬ ‫والكربوتيك‬ ‫والنيتريك‬ ‫الكبريتيك‬ ‫أحماض‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫تج‬ ‫في‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الحمض‬ ‫األمطار‬ ‫سقوط‬ ‫في‬ ‫األحماض‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ضرر‬ ‫ويكمن‬ ،‫احتراقه‬ ‫عند‬ ‫في‬ ‫وضيق‬ ‫القصبات‬ ‫التهاب‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫لإلنسان‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫وتسبب‬ ،‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الح‬ ‫والكائنات‬ ‫النباتات‬ ّ‫ي‬‫الدخان‬ ‫الضباب‬ ‫تسبب‬ ‫النيتروجين‬ ‫أكاسيد‬ ّ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫كما‬ ،‫القلب‬ ‫ات‬ّ‫دق‬ ‫في‬ ‫واضطراب‬ ‫س‬ّ‫ف‬‫التن‬ ّ‫ي‬‫التنفس‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫من‬ ‫ويزيد‬ ،‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الرئو‬ ‫األنسجة‬ ‫يلهب‬ ‫الذي‬ . ‫السلسلة‬ ‫في‬ ‫أساسي‬ ٍ‫بشكل‬ ‫تدخل‬ ‫يجعلها‬ ‫ما‬ ‫الجو‬ ‫في‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫م‬‫السا‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫انبعاث‬ ‫من‬ ٍ‫بكثير‬ ‫يصاب‬ ‫فإنه‬ ‫زائدة‬ ‫بكميات‬ ‫اإلنسان‬ ‫استهلكها‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫فهذه‬ ،‫لإلنسان‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الغذائ‬ ‫بالدماغ‬ ‫اإلضرار‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫وفي‬ ‫األجنة‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ونقص‬ ،‫المبكرة‬ ‫الوالدات‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫المشاكل‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الطبيع‬ ‫الرضاعة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الرضع‬ ‫عند‬ ‫واألعصاب‬ . ‫الزرنيخ‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫لإلنسان‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫تسبب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الضارة‬ ‫والعناصر‬ ‫الغازات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫انبعاث‬ ،‫الرئة‬ ‫وسرطان‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫وفقر‬ ‫المعدة‬ ‫قرحة‬ ‫يسبب‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫والكروم‬ ،‫السرطان‬ ‫يسبب‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫والشلل‬ ‫البصر‬ ‫ضعف‬ ‫يسبب‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫والسيلينيوم‬ . ‫واألرز‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫الشام‬ ‫والذرة‬ ‫القمح‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الزراعية‬ ‫المحاصيل‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫ة‬ّ‫ي‬‫إنتاج‬ ‫في‬ ‫التأثير‬ .