1. Direct speech to indirect/ reported speech:
Steps:
1- Remove “. “
2- Reporting verb (said/ told)+ that
3- Change pronouns
4- Tenses: One step backwards
Change:
1- “I think he is right,” said Dr Paul. ………………………………………………………………………….
2- “I am not happy,” said Fatma to me. ………………………………………………………………………
3- “They haven’t gone yet,” said Ahmed to Laila. ……………………………………………………………
4- Dalia told Talal that she hoped they wouldn’t get lost.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- Dalia replied that she had not enjoyed the movie
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6- “ I will go someday,” said Sami. …………………………………………………………………………
7- “They may go someday,” said Haidi. ……………………………………………………………………..
8- “He has to answer,” said Hoda. ……………………………………………………………………………
9- “I must go,” said Rami. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
10- “They went yesterday,” said Sami to her. ………………………………………………………………….
Direct to indirect/ reported questions:
Steps:
1- Remove “. “
2- Reporting verb (asked/ wanted to know) + Q word / (if/ whether)
3- Q → statement:
- Remove helping v. / question mark (?)
- Start with subject + v.
4- Change pronouns
5- Tenses: One step backwards
Change:
1- “Where do you stay?” He asked. …………………………………………………………………
2- “Are you happy?” She asked me. ………………………………………………………………...
3- “What time does she have to be back?” They asked.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4- “Where did you stay?” He asked me. ………………………..…………………………………….
5- “How long has she been there?” He asked.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6- Ahmed wanted to know what Egyptian food Terry liked.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7- “Is it 5 sharp?” He asked. ……………………………………………………………………………….
8- “Can you hear me?” She asked. ……………………………………………………………………….
9- “Does he speak English at home?” I asked.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10- Mona asked me whether I liked the movie.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. Direct to indirect/ reported negative/ positive orders & requests:
Steps:
1- Remove “. “
2- Reporting verb (asked/ told)+ to/ not to+ inf
3- Change pronouns
4- No tenses!
Change:
1- “Do the household, Mona, Mum said. ……………………………………………………………….
2- “Don’t shout at me,” He said. …………………………………………………………………………
3- “Don’t sleep very late,” Maher said. ………………………………………………………………….
4- Request: “Give me your pen, please,” said Laila.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
5- “Stand up,” the teacher said. ……………………………………………………………………………
1- The manager asked us to wait for him. ………………………………………………………………...