Fires were raging out of control near Stara Huta, possibly due to heavy shelling or rocket fire in the area, indicating a collapse of firefighting infrastructure. Satellite images showed the city of Irpin burning and largely destroyed by Russian forces. Another image depicted a Russian landing ship ablaze in the port of Berdyansk. Fires were also detected raging across the devastated city of Mariupol. The evacuated city of Poliske in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone lies along the P02 Highway connecting Belarus and Kyiv.

1. Fires raging out of control outside Stara Huta indicate a collapse of government firefighting infrastructure and may indicate
heavy shelling or rocket fire in the area. It is possible military encampments were located in the forests, and were attacked.

2. The city of Irpin seen burning from ESA’s Sentinel-2 satellite, with heat signatures highlighted. The city was largely destroyed by
Russian forces.

3. A satellite image of the Russian Navy’s Tapir-class landing ship Saratov on fire in the port of Berdyansk on 24 March

4. Fires seen raging across the city of Mariupol on 19 March, as detected by the ESA’s Sentinel-2 satellite, with heat signatures
highlighted.

5. The evacuated city of Poliske, in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, lies astride the P02 Highway, which runs from the
border with Belarus to Kyiv