For the testing to work well, there must be a clear understanding of what "functional" means. In this whitepaper, we will give you the walkthrough on functional testing

1. Whitepaper
Fundamentals of Functional Testing
For the testing to work well, there must be a clear understanding of what "functional" means. In
this whitepaper, we will give you the walkthrough on functional testing

2. WHITEPAPER PAGE 01
ABSTRACT
In software development, testing is a critical component in
ensuring quality. Testing can find bugs before they happen
or prevent them from happening altogether. This is done
through functional testing, where a program's functionality
and features are analyzed to see if it works the way it
should. For this testing to work well, there must be a clear
understanding of what "functional" means. In this guide, we
will give you the walkthrough on functional testing.
Functional testing is a type of software testing
that verifies the functionality of individual
software modules or groups of modules. It is also
known as black-box testing because it treats the
software as a black box with no knowledge of its
internals.
Functional testing is usually done after unit
testing and before system testing. It can be
described as "black box" testing because
functional testing is done without any internal
program design or code knowledge. In a manual
functional test, an input is provided, and then an
evaluation is made based on observation of
results that depend upon the particular function
being tested. Automated functions are often
referred to as sanity tests. These can be built
into the system build process.
What is Functional Testing? Why is Functional Testing needed?
Functional testing is needed to ensure that the
system under test (SUT) behaves as expected.
Using functional testing can verify that the
system is working as intended and that all
required features are available.
It can be used in GUI testing, end-to-end testing,
integration testing, and system/acceptance
testing.
It is essential in agile development environments,
where requirements and features can change
frequently. In these environments, it's crucial to
verify that the system still functions as expected.
It is required if you want to put your software
into production. If you don't have any Functional
Testing implemented, you can forget about
Quality Assurance.
It is also essential to ensure that refactoring
changes regarding tests or code do not cause
failures.

3. PAGE 02
FUNCTIONAL
TESTING BENEFITS
There are several reasons why our
Functional Testing services are given
more preference over the other
phases of Software Testing. Let us
have a peek at them.
Time to Market – Functional Testing saves time
as it is ideally suited for non-compiled languages.
Functional Test cases can be written easily and
quickly without compiling the code.
Compatibility Testing – Functional Testing can
identify compatibility issues between different
software modules or operating systems.
Recovery Testing – Functional Testing verifies
the software's ability to recover from crashes,
errors, and unexpected situations.
Validation of design – Functional Testing verifies
that the System Under Test (SUT) performs as
required by the specification.
User acceptance testing (UAT) – Functional Testing
is the key to UAT, as it verifies that the system
works as per the user requirement specification.
During Functional Testing, the application is tested
against the system's use cases. The system
functionality is divided into minimal test cases
called function points. The functional test engineer
then tries each function point against the system
use cases.
Quality Assurance (QA) Testing –
FunctionalTesting is an integral part of the QA
process and is used to verify that the system meets
the requirements specified in the requirement
document.
Pre-production acceptance testing – Functional
Testing is used for system performance testing to
check if it adheres to design specifications.
WHEN DOES FUNCTIONAL TESTING TAKE PLACE?
Functional testing can occur at any time after unit and integration tests have been completed but before
any final system test. It is typically performed by an independent team with knowledge of the entire
application and how it works. Functional testing is software testing that verifies that all the features work
as they should.
The goal is to make sure everything works as it
should before the application goes live.
Functional testing is typically done by an
independent software quality assurance (QA)
team, with different members than the
development team.
The QA team's job is to test the application as a
user would, looking for how it works.
They may also create new test cases or
scenarios to cover any new features or changes
that have been made since the last testing
cycle.
WHITEPAPER
It can be done after unit and integration tests
have been completed but before any final
system test.
The process helps identify problems in the
application's design or implementation before
it goes live.
This type of testing is typically performed by
an independent team with knowledge of the
entire application and how it works.
They may also add new requirements for
improvements or changes while running
through their tests.

4. PAGE 03
THE TYPES OF
FUNCTIONAL TESTING
Functional testing comes in different
forms and types depending upon the
software development life-cycle.
System testing- This is the phase during which
the entire system to be tested is tested for all its
known functionalities. System tests are meant to
test the overall performance of software or
hardware product. This means it tests how well
the complete system meets the specifications
without any external influence, i.e., how well the
system functions when all its parts are working
together.
Integration testing- This Testing aims to verify
that individual components work correctly and
that they integrate with other components as
expected. The focus is on how modules interact,
not on whether the individual modules work
correctly. This type of testing is done after unit
testing and before system testing.
Unit testing- This is a level of software testing
where individual units/components or modules
of the software are tested. The aim is to verify
that each module works correctly and integrates
as expected. This type of testing is done before
integration testing.
Black-box Testing- This is a type of software
testing where the tester has no information
about the application's internal workings. The
focus is on how the system behaves when given
specific inputs and how it responds to those
inputs. This type of testing is done after unit
testing and before integration testing.
White-box testing- This is a type of software
testing that considers the internal workings of
the application. Such testing focuses on how well
individual components, classes, or modules work
and whether they are executed expectedly. This
type of testing is done after unit testing and
before integration testing.
Load and Performance Testing- This is the type
of testing that evaluates the behavior of a system
or component with increasing load to determine
its stability and match production requirements.
This type of testing is done only after integration
testing.
DIGITALISATION & FUNCTIONAL TESTING - A PARADOX
The digital age has given rise to new business
opportunities, but it has also created new
challenges. One of the most pressing issues facing
businesses today is how to ensure that their systems
are functionally accurate and compliant with
regulations. This is where functional testing comes
in.
Functional testing is a process that verifies the
accuracy of system functions and their compliance
with business and regulatory requirements. This is
also an essential part of the test automation process.
There has been a massive rise in the development of
automated testing solutions, which reduce costs and
speed up functional testing efforts.
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However, while there are several benefits to
automated testing tools, they can sometimes create
more issues than they solve. One of the most
common problems with automated testing tools is
that they can be inflexible and difficult to use. As a
result, they can often require a high level of
technical expertise, which can be challenging to find
in the current market.
Another problem with automated testing tools is
that they can be expensive. This means that not
every business can afford to use them, limiting their
effectiveness.
Despite these drawbacks, automated testing tools
offer a number of benefits that cannot be ignored.
They are efficient, reliable, and accurate, making
them essential for any functional testing process.

5. PAGE 04
GROWTH OF
FUNCTIONAL TESTING
The global functional testing market is expected
to grow from USD 9.44 billion in 2016 to reach an
expected value of USD 12.72 billion by 2021 at a
CAGR of 5.8% between 2016 and 2021.
The rapid growth of the functional testing
industry is attributed to the increasing focus on
mobile application and website testing in various
organizations, which results in Digital
Transformation initiatives.
The demand for automation tools is high in test
management because it provides efficiency,
reduces manual efforts, and enhance customer
experience.
The global functional testing market consists
mainly of large enterprises due to the need to
automate various testing processes and focus on
digitalization and cloud computing.
The market is segmented on types, companies,
deployment models, regions, end-users, and
verticals. Based on types, the global functional
testing market is segmented into automated
functional testing and manual functional testing.
During the forecast period, the automated
functional testing component is expected to
grow at a higher CAGR than the manual
functional testing segment. This can be
attributed to the growing demand for
automation tools globally. Based on companies,
the global functional testing market is
segmented into large enterprises and small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
The large enterprises' segment is expected to
hold a larger share of the global functional
testing market in 2016. This can be attributed to
the increasing focus on automation of various
testing processes and the growing demand for
digital transformation initiatives.
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change without notice. HikeQA acknowledges the proprietary rights of other companies to the trademarks, product names and such other intellectual property rights
mentioned in this document. Except as expressly permitted, neither this documentation nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
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or any named intellectual property rights holders under this document.
PAGE 05
CONCLUSION
Functional testing is also known as
black-box testing. It is the type of
software test that focuses on the
functionality of an application. It
considers the system as a black box for
which no information about internal
mechanism or structure is available.
The tester only has access to input and
output data for each module, sub-
system, or the whole system.
Functional testing includes verification
of functional requirements and the
validity of business processes. In this
type of testing, the main focus is on
what a system does rather than how it
does it. At Hikeqa we offer both types
of tests to get the best possible
outcome for your product development
needs. Contact us today to learn how
our comprehensive approach will
provide peace of mind during this
critical stage in the lifecycle!
WHITEPAPER
For more information, contact info@hikeqa.com
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