What is acid reflux, what are the symptoms and causes, what food and medicine can help and worsen acid reflux.

1. ACID REFLUX
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Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease or (GERD), is a
condition characterized by the regurgitation of stomach acid and other
digestive fluids into the oesophagus. The esophagus is the tube that
connects the throat to the stomach. Normally, a muscular ring called the
lower esophageal sphincter or L.E.S., Located at the bottom of the
esophagus prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
However, in individuals with acid reflux, this sphincter may weaken or relax,
allowing stomach acid to flow back up.
Causes of Acid Reflux:
1. Weak Lower Esophageal Sphincter or L.E.S.: The primary cause of acid
reflux is a weakened or dysfunctional L.E.S.. Factors such as obesity, hiatal
hernia (a condition in which the upper part of the stomach bulges through
the diaphragm), and certain medications can contribute to a weakened
L.E.S..
2. Hiatal Hernia: As mentioned earlier, a hiatal hernia can disrupt the
normal functioning of the L.E.S. and lead to acid reflux. Hiatal hernias are
more common in individuals over the age of 50.
3. Diet and Eating Habits: Certain foods and eating patterns can trigger
or worsen acid reflux symptoms. These include consuming large meals,
eating late at night, consuming fatty or fried foods, spicy foods, citrus fruits,
tomatoes, chocolate, mint, coffee, alcohol, and carbonated beverages.
4. Obesity: Excess weight and abdominal fat can put pressure on the
stomach and the L.E.S. causing them to function improperly.
5. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and the growing uterus during
pregnancy can put pressure on the stomach, leading to acid reflux.
6. Smoking: Smoking weakens the L.E.S. and increases stomach acid
production, making individuals more susceptible to acid reflux.

2. 7. Certain Medications: Some medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs or (NSAIDs), aspirin, certain muscle relaxants, and some
blood pressure medications, can contribute to acid reflux.
8. Other Factors: Stress, certain respiratory conditions (like asthma), and
certain medical conditions (like scleroderma) can also increase the risk of
acid reflux.
Symptoms of Acid Reflux:
The most common symptoms of acid reflux include:
Heartburn (a burning sensation in the chest, often after eating or lying
down)
Regurgitation (the sensation of acid or food coming back up into the throat
or mouth)
Difficulty swallowing.
Chest pain or discomfort.
Dry cough or persistent cough.
Hoarseness or voice changes.
Sore throat.
Feeling of a lump in the throat (globus sensation).
It's important to note that if acid reflux symptoms persist or become severe,
it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate
diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Treatment options for acid reflux may
include lifestyle modifications, medications to reduce stomach acid
production, and in severe cases, surgical interventions..