The Fatty acid hydrogenation plant is designed to operate continuously to produce hydrogenated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids.

1. Making Fatty Acids via Hydrogenation:
Chemistry
It is a reaction where hydrogen is added to the double bonds in the fatty acid chain, resulting in
hydrogenation. The Iodine Value (IV) of a fatty acid product is directly proportional to the
degree of hydrogenation.
Process of Hydrogenation
Liquid, gas, and solid nickel catalysts must all be close to each other at a high enough
temperature to initiate a hydrogenation reaction. Fueled by a steady stream of hydrogen gas, the
reaction occurs in the hydrogenation reactor in the form of evenly mixed slurry.
The hydrogenation reaction's speed is determined by:-
● The efficiency of combining gas, liquid, and solid phases in a reaction
● Temperature of the reaction
● The activity and concentration of the catalyst
● Hydrogen's purity
The Step-by-Step Instructions:

2. The Fatty acid hydrogenation plant is designed to operate continuously to produce
hydrogenated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids.
● The process of drying
A vacuum is used to remove water and other undisclosed gases from the fatty acid before it is
heated and deaerated for the subsequent high-temperature reaction step.
● The Response
The catalyst is then combined with the dried fatty acid. To begin the process of hydrogenation,
the slurry mixture is mixed with recycled hydrogen, and injected into the reactor.
● Hydrogen Gas Cycle
The reaction mixture flows from the bottom to the top of the reactor simultaneously. When the
fatty acid reaches the top of the reactor column, it will be fully hydrogenated. The gas separator
will separate the fatty acid from the unreacted hydrogen.
● The process of filtering
The catalyst will be removed from the hydrogenated fatty acid by cooling it in a series of heat
exchangers and filtering it.
A Gas Compressor is used to keep the hydrogen cycle going. The hydrogen gas cycle is topped
up to provide the necessary volume of hydrogen gas to achieve the desired hydrogenation level.
Adding hydrogen breaks the double and triple bonds in the chemical, resulting in a saturated
compound. Compounds with a single carbon chain are referred to be "saturated." Various
transition metals are utilized as a catalyst to convert unsaturated chemicals to saturated ones.
Step-by-step solution:
Hydrogenation is also known as the hardening of oil.
Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated molecules to produce a saturated
product.
Ghee is a saturated chemical made from vegetable oil that contains double and triple bonds when
it is treated with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.
At room temperature, vegetable oils are a slushy substance. Making them more spreadable,' or
more user-friendly, necessitates hydrogenation.
This will make it easier to include them in other dishes like cakes, biscuits, and the like.

3. A few more facts:
Tran’s fats raise 'bad' cholesterol levels, whereas saturated fats raise 'good' cholesterol levels, as
should be understood. Please be aware that Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are formed when oils are
partially hydrogenated, while cis fatty acids are formed when oils are completely hydrogenated.
Addition on one side of a double or triple bond is known as cis addition, whereas addition on
both sides of a double or triple bond is known as Tran’s addition.