Fred Malik, Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety

1. FORTIFIED Home™ — Hurricane
Digging Deeper into the Requirements
Fred Malik
Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety

2. • Building and Wind Interactions
• Technical Requirements Overview
– Most Vulnerable Systems
– Different Standards for Different Risks
• Hurricane - Coastal
– FORTIFIED Home™ Upgrades
– Keys to Success
• Recognition
How to build FORTIFIED – Learning
Objectives

3. IBHS Roof Aging Farm
Protection from the Top: Focus on the Roof

4. IBHS Roof Aging Farm

5. Sealed Roof Deck Research/Evaluation:
Tape

6. Wind loads on carport
without one end blocked
Wind loads on carport
with one end blocked
Wind Load Research

7. Dealing with Natural Disasters

8. Traditional Paradigm: Response
Walt Jennings/FEMA

9. The National Weather
Service states the average
lead-time for tornado
warnings is now 13 minutes
nationally, up significantly
from the 1980s when lead-
times were estimated at less
than five minutes. - Apr 24,
2014, The Atlantic Magazine
Prediction, Modeling and Alerts

10. New Paradigm: Resilience
Tim Pioppo/FEMA

11. Property Loss Mitigation
Holds Communities Together
Resilient
Communities
Reduce
Spending
Income
Tax Base
Local
Jobs
Local
Economy
Property
Tax Base

12. 2010 High Wind Demo

13. FORTIFIED Home™
The National Standard for
Resilient Construction

14. FORTIFIED-Wise™ Training – Coming
May 10th at URI
fortified.archtest.com

15. FORTIFIED Risk Map

16. FORTIFIED Home
Building and Wind Interactions

17. The key difference in the performance of these
homes is knowing what to focus on, and when.

18. Wind Load Design
1. Basic Wind Speed—Where is the
House Located?
a) Wind Speed Maps
2. Exposure Category—Area Surrounding
Site
3. Building Height and Roof Slope
4. Location relative to Terrain Features

19. Gust Wind Speed ASCE 7-05

20. Gust Wind Speed ASCE 7-10

21. Building and Wind Interactions
• Critical to understand that a home
resists the forces associated with
high winds as a system
• All elements of the severe storm
protection systems must be
adequately designed and built.

22. Overview of Wind Action and Effects
• Wind exerts pressures on all exposed
surfaces of the building and can affect the
internal pressure in the building.
• Wind speed and Exposure Category used to
determine Wind loads (both positive and
negative) that need to be considered.

23. Wind tries to push, pull, spin and lift up
the home as it moves around the building

24. Pressure Zones on a typical building
• Generally, the darker the
color to the right, the
higher the pressure.
• Red = Highest on the
house (Zone 3)
• Dark Blue = Highest on
the wall (Zone 5)

25. Wind Zones on Roof and Walls
Wind Zone
Pressure relative
to zone1
Location Color
1 = Roof Interior Yellow
2
+++
higher than
highest on walls
Roof Edge Orange
3
++++ Highest
house
Roof Corner Red
4 + Wall Interior Light Blue
5
++ Highest on
Wall
Wall Corner Dark Blue

26. Internal Pressure
Figure 3-21 Figure 3-22

27. Choosing different materials, doesn’t guarantee
resilience; installation is an important factor as well

28. FORTIFIED Features -
UpgradedRoofsystem:(Nailroofdeckusing8dringshank),SealRoofDeck(SRD)*,Wind
RatedShingles,UpgradedatticventsTAS100(A),Structuralwoodsheathingatgables
Qualified opening protection (impact rated windows and doors), Reinforced
gable-end walls, Metal connectors to secure attached structures
Reinforced wood frame chimneys, Engineered Continuous Load Path (CLP)
Hurricane
Prescriptive – Verified by Certified FORTIFIED Evaluator
Performance - Verified by Certified FORTIFIED Evaluator

29. FORTIFIED Home™ - Eligibility
• New & existing homes
• Single-family detached, site built
• Townhouses and quadplexes
• Manufactured/Modular single-family homes

30. Designation Basics
• Independent Verification is Required
– Certified FORTIFIED Home Evaluator
• Designations valid for 5-years (driven by roof
covering condition)
• Automatic reminders sent to registered owner
prior to expiration
• Re-designation focuses on the roof, requires
evaluation by certified FORTIFIED Home
Evaluator

31. • Roof System
• Attic Ventilation
• Gable Overhangs and
Wall Sheathing
FORTIFIED Bronze - Overview

32. Roof System Overview
6/7/2016 32

33. FORTIFIED Home – Bronze
Cost Implication & Review
Requirement
• Minimum wood sheathing
thickness is 7/16”.
• Staples and 6d nails not
permitted for new installs and
must be re-nailed on an existing
deck.
• 8d ring shank nails at 6-in on
center edges and field is required
on new roof deck
• The roof deck must be sealed to
prevent water from entering the
attic. Most building codes do not
require that the roof deck be
sealed
Cost Implications
• $0.00 (Code Requirement)
• Minimal (<$100) Only applies to
retrofitting
• Minimal (<$100)
• $0.12 - $0.18 per ft2 of roof area
for top side systems for a 2,000
ft2 roof = $240 - $360

34. 6/7/2016 34
Attic Ventilation System Overview

35. FORTIFIED Home – Bronze
Cost Implication Review
Requirement
• All roof mounted vents
must meet TAS 100(A)
Cost Implications
• Minimal (<$100) in most
locations

36. Gable End Wall System

37. FORTIFIED Home – Bronze
Cost Implication Review
Requirement
• All gable end walls must be
sheathed with plywood or
OSB panels that are at least
7/16 in. thick.
Cost Implications
• $0.00 (code requirement)*
for new construction
• $600 per gable to retrofit
– $$$ If structural sheathing is
not present

38. FORTIFIED Roof System:
Documentation
• Photos
• Product information
–Labels, Data
sheets, Testing
reports
• Compliance forms

39. FORTIFIED Roof System –
Documentation - Pictures
6/7/2016 39

40. Search for FORTIFIED Home
Compliant Product Documentation

41. • Bronze Upgrades AND
• Attached Structures
• Opening Protection
System
• Garage Door Protection
• Gable upgrades – Bracing
FORTIFIED Silver Overview

42. Attached Structures
6/7/2016 42

43. Attached Structures -
Its All About the Connections

45. FORTIFIED Home – Silver
Cost Implication Review - New
Requirement
• Proper anchoring of
attached structures such as
porches and carports is also
fairly easy in a new home
construction project.
Cost Implications
• $0.00 (code requirement)

46. FORTIFIED Home – Silver
Cost Implication Review - Existing
Requirement
• Proper anchoring of
attached structures
Cost Implications
• Moderate – varies. If adequate
connections are not present,
can require significant retrofit.

47. FORTIFIED – Opening protection

48. What Does “Impact Rated” Mean?
• An Impact Rated Door or Window “Unit” is an
assembly of:
– A frame,
– door slab or glazing,
– hardware
• ALL of which have been tested as an assembly or
assembled from tested components.
• Impact rated glazing which has been installed into a
non impact tested and approved door/frame is NOT
qualified opening protection.

49. FORTIFIED Home – Silver
Cost Implication Review - New
Requirement
• Debris impact protection is
required by the FORTIFIED
Home Program.
Cost Implications
• $0.00 - In places that are in the
windborne debris region.
• $7.00 - $30.00 per ft2 of
opening area outside WDR and
where plywood may be
accepted.

50. FORTIFIED Home – Silver
Cost Implication Review - Existing
Requirement
• Debris impact protection is
required by the FORTIFIED
Home Program.
Cost Implications
• $0.00 - In places that are in the
windborne debris region.
• $7.00 - $30.00 per ft2 of
opening area outside WDR and
where plywood may be
accepted.

51. FORTIFIED - Garage Doors
Pressure Rating

52. Garage Door System -
with Glazing

53. FORTIFIED - Garage Doors
Impact Rating
Applies to
Glazed
Doors ONLY

54. FORTIFIED Home – Silver
Cost Implication Review - New
Requirement
• Garage doors without
windows need only to meet
the Design Pressure
requirement for the
location of the home.
• Garage doors with glazing
Cost Implications
• $0.00 - In places that are in
the windborne debris
region.
• $400 + per door opening
area outside WDR and
where plywood may be
accepted.

55. FORTIFIED Home – Silver
Cost Implication Review - Existing
Requirement
• Garage doors without
windows need only to meet
the Design Pressure
requirement for the
location of the home.
• Garage doors with glazing
Cost Implications
• Moderate – $800 -$1,200 for
double door. If a door is not
adequately pressure rated for
the site, a new door is often
easiest solution.
• Moderate – $800 -$1,200 for
double door. If a door is not
adequately pressure rated for
the site, a new door is often
easiest solution.

56. Gable End Wall System –
Bracing

57. Note Metal Strap
8 foot 2x4 on TOP of bottom chords
FORTIFIED – Gable end bracing

58. FORTIFIED Home – Silver
Cost Implication Review - New
Requirement
• Gable end wall bracing can
easily be incorporated into a
new home’s design.
Cost Implications
• Minimal (<$100) per gable
over 48” tall
– *almost all truss
manufacturers require
bracing for gables, but it is
rarely done.
• $0.00 - In places that are in
the windborne debris
region.

59. FORTIFIED Home – Silver
Cost Implication Review - Existing
Requirement
• Gable end wall bracing can
easily be incorporated into a
new home’s design.
Cost Implications
• Moderate - $600 per gable if
using IBHS prescriptive method
to retrofit unbraced gable.

60. • Silver Upgrades AND
• Opening Design
Pressures
• Chimney
• Continuous Load Path
FORTIFIED Gold Overview

61. FORTIFIED – Openings
(Design Pressure Ratings)

62. FORTIFIED Home – Gold
Cost Implication Review - New
Requirement
• Window and Door Design
Pressure Ratings
Cost Implications
• $0.00 (code requirement)

63. FORTIFIED Home – Gold
Cost Implication Review - Existing
Requirement
• Window and Door Design
Pressure Ratings
Cost Implications
• Significant - If windows
and/or doors have to be
replaced to meet the DP
and/or impact
requirements,
documentation of the
products used is required.

64. Chimney

65. So this
doesn’t
happen
FORTIFIED - Chimneys

66. FORTIFIED Home – Gold
Cost Implication Review - New
Requirement
• Chimney Attachment
Cost Implications
• Minimal (<$50) per chimney

67. FORTIFIED Home – Gold
Cost Implication Review - Existing
Requirement
• Chimney Attachment
Cost Implications
• Minimal (<$50) per chimney
if accessible and using IBHS
prescriptive retrofit.
• Alternative methods for
Retrofitting chimney
anchoring require a signed
and sealed set of plans from
a licensed designer.

68. Continuous Load Path (CLP)

69. Load Path Documentation
Requirements
• Engineer Compliance Form
AND
• Contractor Compliance Form
AND
• Pictures of Visible Load Path
Connectors.

70. FORTIFIED Home – Gold
Cost Implication Review - New
Requirement
• Continuous Load Path (CLP)
• Wall Sheathing
Cost Implications
• $0.00 – (code requirement)
*Note: In some locations, local
jurisdictions have weakened the
load path requirements or do not
require use of a Professional
Engineer. In these areas, the can
be a cost increase.
• $0.00 (code requirement) *Note:
Newer energy codes are
promoting the use of foam
sheathing which does not meet
FORTIFIED requirements unless
installed over structural
substrate.

71. FORTIFIED Home – Gold
Cost Implication Review - Existing
Requirement
• Continuous Load Path (CLP)
• Wall Sheathing
Cost Implications
• Significant - Installation and/or
confirmation of a suitable CLP
can be difficult and expensive.
• Significant - Verification of
suitable sheathing is difficult
because it is installed behind
finished materials.

72. FORTIFIED – Gold
Cost Implication Review – New & Existing
Requirement
• Documentation of a
continuous load path (CLP)
compliance forms are
required from the engineer
and the contractor.
Cost Implications
• There can be an additional
cost for an engineer to
provide stamped
Compliance Forms. For new
construction, that can be
negotiated and included in
the structural design scope
of work.

73. Bronze Certs

74. Silver Certs

75. Gold Certs

76. FORTIFIED-Wise™ Training – Coming
May 10th at URI
fortified.archtest.com

77. Thank You
DisasterSafety.org/FORTIFIED
Facebook.com/buildfortified

78. FORTIFIED Roof
Roof Deck Thickness
• Minimum
7/16”
OSB/Plywood;
• 19/32” is
recommended

79. FORTIFIED Roof
Roof Deck Attachment
New Roofs: 8d ring shank nails at
6-in on center over the entire roof
(closer spacing may be required at
corners)
Existing Roofs: If staples or 6d nails,
re-nail with 8d ring shank
If 6-in on edges, 12-in. in the field,
add an 8d ring shank nail in
between existing fasteners.

80. Sealed Roof Deck
© Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety
Mandatory
for all roofs

81. 2-Layers of #30 Felt
6/7/2016 81

82. 6/7/2016 82

83. 2-layers of #30 felt – Material Specs
6/7/2016 83

84. Sealed Roof Deck (full membrane
option)
© Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety

85. Sealed Roof Deck (synthetic underlayment;
install for high wind and prolonged exposure)
© Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety

86. Sealed Roof Deck (closed-cell, 2-part
polyurethane foam adhesive)
© Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety

87. FORTIFIED Roof - Roof Coverings

88. Hurricane - Shingles

89. Design Wind Speed Resource

90. Design Wind Speed Resource

91. FORTIFIED Roof –
Roof Covering Shingles

92. FORTIFIED Roof –
Roof Covering Shingles

93. FORTIFIED Roof – Shingles: Drip Edge

94. Hurricane - Metal

95. FORTIFIED Roof – Metal Roof Example

96. Ridge vents with a “lip” on the roof surface side are
more resistant to water intrusion (TAS 100(A))
FORTIFIED Roof - Attic Ventilation

97. A. Horizontalwood
support
B. Nailingstripforsoffit
attachment
C. ContinuousJ-channelor
F-channeltocoverthe
endsofsoffitpanels
D. SoffitDepthexceeding
12”musthave
intermediatenailing
strip.
Intermediate
nailing strip.
97
FORTIFIED Soffits

98. FORTIFIED Soffits

99. Do this
FORTIFIED Roof : Gables w/Outlookers

100. To avoid this
FORTIFIED Roof : Gables w/Outlookers
© Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety

101. FORTIFIED Roof – Attic Ventilation

102. Meets standards Does not qualify
FORTIFIED Gable End Walls –
Structural Sheathing
Meets standardsDoes not qualify

103. Verifying Compliance & Evaluation
Analysis

107. Documentation*
*IBHS developed Compliance Forms

108. Documentation - Pictures
Exceptional!
BONUS –
What is
Missing?

109. Documentation
Not Good… Can you
tell why?
Good… Can you tell
why?

110. How Do Insurers and Other Stakeholders
Verify that a Home is FORTIFIED?
• Certificates issued by IBHS
• Owners have access to electronic
versions of certificates and
reports – THIS IS THEIR
INFORMATION TO SHARE