This slide will help us to know about various government acts made and how they are implemented till now. This will also tell about the amendments made in different acts.

1. PREVENTING
AIR POLLUTION

2. SUB-TOPICS
• ACTS against air pollution.
• Sections under this act.
• Amendments made.
• Implementation

3. ACTS FOR PREVENTING AIR
POLLUTION
• Factories Act (1948).
• Air (Prevention and Control of pollution)Act-
1981.
• Atomic Energy Act -1962.
• Motor vehicles Act -1988.

4. Factories Act(1948)

5. Introduction
• First Factories Act passed in India in 1881.
• But came into force on 1st April 1949.
• Extends to the whole country.
• Extended to Pondicherry in 1963 , to Goa in
1965 and to the state of Jammu and Kashmir
in 1970.

6. Objective
• To ensure adequate safety and health
measure for workers.
• To prevent haphazard growth of factories.
• To regulate working conditions , working
hours and days of workers.
• To prevent employment of children and
woman in factories.

7. Importance of Factory Act
• Limit the working hours of adult.
• 48 hours a week or 9 hours a day.
• If one works for more than these hours then
he would be given twice the rate of his
ordinary payment for extra hours.
• If a worker is deprived of any of his holidays
then he should be given that much holiday in
the next month.

8. Safety measures
• Fencing of machinery – Sec. 21
• Working near machinery in motion – Sec. 22
• Emplyoment of young near dangerous
machines – Sec. 23
• Prohibition of woman and children near
cotton openers – Sec. 27
• Hoist and lifts – Sec. 28

9. Welfare Measures
• Shelters , rest-rooms and canteens when more
than 150 workers – Sec.47
• Creches when there are more than 30 woman
workers – Sec.48
• Welfare office when more than 500 workers –
Sec.49

10. Penalties
• For breaking rules - Imprisionment upto 2
years or fine upto 1 lakh.
• On continuation – Rs.1000 per day.
• Obstructing inspectors – imprisionment upto 6
months or Rs.10,000 fine.
• Wrongly disclosing results – same as the
previous one.

11. Air (Prevention and control of
pollution)Act 1981

12. History
• Decisions were taken at United Nations
Conference on the Human Environment held
in June, 1972.
• In that , India decided to take appropriate
steps for preservation of natural resources
which there by means prevention of air
quality.

13. Objective
• Prevention , control and abatement of air
polltution .
• Done by making different Boards.
• Extends to whole India.

14. Central Board
• Taken from Water(control and prevention of
pollution)Act-1974.
• Under section-3.
• Looks upon the working of different State
Boards.
• Has to look after the Union Territories.
• Also plays a vital role in any kind of
amendment to be made in the Act.

15. State Boards
• This one is also taken from Water(control and
prevention of polltuion )Act-1974.
• Under section-4.
• Looks after all the law to be passed or
amendments to be made for the better
working of the Act.

16. Prevention and control of Air Pollution
(sec.-19)
• State govt. after consulting with State Boards
can take the following steps-:
a) Usage of only approved fuel in a particular
area.
b) Usage of only approved appliances for
burning of coal.
c) These approvals are done by State Boards.

17. • Can standarize the amount of emmision from
automobiles and factories – Sec.-20
• New industrial has to get approval from State
Boards and have to pay specific fee for setting
up – Sec.-21

18. Funds, Accounts and Audits
• Contribution by Central Govt.
• Take loans or can make issue bonds with any
source by a long and legal procedure when
needed under certain conditons.
• Have to make full record of previous financial
year.

19. Audits
• Accounts then audited by auditors.
• Appointed by Central Board or by State board.
• Can inspect any of the offices under these
boards.
• Can ask for any record ,any account or any
book.

20. Penalties
• If failed to work according Sec-20 or Sec-21 :-
imprisionment ranging from 1 and half years
to 6 years including specific amount of fine.
• If failure continues :- Imprisionment may
extend to 7 years.
• Contravening rules under Sec. 39 :-
imprisionment upto 3 months or fine of
10,000 rupees.

21. • Can be set free only if any Board give an
application in favour of him in the court.
• Offences by any company – Sec.40
• Offences by Govt. departments – Sec.41
• Members, officials of Boards to be a public
servants – Sec.44

22. Research in the field
• Bio-filtration
• Catalytic converters

23. Bio-filtration
• Reduce emissions from chicken and swine
barns.
• Polluted air passed through an organic matter
such as compost or wood containing bacteria.
• Bacterias breakdown harmful air pollutants
into non-harmful or less harmful compounds.

24. • This process is mainly done for converting
ammonia into nitrates.
• During such reactions , large amount of heat is
produced .
• The heat is then sent to heat exchanger in
which large fans are there to cool down .

25. • Reseacher showed that this prototype can be
implemented in today’s world .
• As it converts 79% of ammonia into nitrates.
• Reduced the energy needed for high
temperature upto 8.3 kilowatts of heat.

26. Catalytic Converters
• Fumes coming out of motor vehicles consist of
complex harmful coumpounds.
• Basic concept – breakdown of complex
harmful compounds into its elemental form.
• Catalyst’s work is to break these compounds.

27. Problem faced
• These catalytic converters use precious metals
such platinum etc.
• Therefore expensive.
• High repair cost.
• Cannot be used with leaded fuel as lead
prevents breakdown of harmful compounds.