TDM

1. BANSAL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
Prof. Purnima tripathi
Department of Pharmaceutics
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

2. Therapeutic
Drug Monitoring
In this presentation, we explore therapeutic
drug monitoring - an important practice that
helps healthcare providers ensure that patients
receive the right drug at the right dose.
pt by Purnima Tripathi

3. The Principles of Drug Monitoring
1
Individualization
No two patients are alike. Therefore, drugs must be
tailored to each patient's unique needs.
2
Optimization
Optimal dosages can be achieved through monitoring
drug levels and adjusting prescriptions as needed.
3
Safety and Efficacy
TDM ensures that drugs are safe and effective by
preventing toxicity and therapeutic failure.

4. Commonly Monitored Drugs
Immunosuppressants
These drugs are used after organ
transplantation and for autoimmune
diseases to modulate the immune system.

5. Commonly Monitored Drugs
Used to prevent and
treat seizures,
monitoring
anticonvulsant levels
leads to better
therapeutic outcomes.

6. Commonly Monitored Drugs
Drug resistance and
adverse reactions can
occur when antibiotics
are used improperly,
making TDM crucial.
Antibiotics

7. Laboratory Tests for TDM
1 Blood Sampling
Most common TDM technique. Blood is
drawn and levels of the drug and/or its
metabolites are measured.
2
Urine Sampling
Useful for monitoring drugs that have been
metabolized and excreted through urine.
3 Saliva Sampling
Non-invasive method, useful for drugs with
a high concentration in saliva.

8. Interpreting TDM Results
Therapeutic Range
The ideal range of drug levels
where there is maximum
efficacy with minimal toxicity.
Sub-therapeutic
Drug levels that are too low
and may result in treatment
failure, drug resistance or
disease
progression.
Toxic
Drug levels that are too high
can result in adverse
reactions or organ damage.
Gray Zone
Drug levels that are between therapeutic and toxic ranges and need to be carefully considered for optimal
treatment.

9. Benefits of TDM
1 Improving Outcomes
TDM leads to better patient
outcomes by optimizing
drug dosages to achieve
maximum efficacy with
minimal toxicity.
2 Reducing Side Effects
By achieving optimal drug
levels, TDM leads to fewer
side effects and potentially
fewer hospitalizations.
3 Saving Money
TDM can save healthcare
systems money by
reducing unnecessary
hospitalizations and drug-
related complications.

10. Challenges and Limitations of TDM
Cost
TDM can be expensive and not all
insurance plans cover it.
Time-Sensitive
Timing is crucial in TDM. Drug levels
must be taken at certain intervals to
avoid errors in interpretation.
Patient Variability
Patients may metabolize drugs
differently based on genetics or
other factors, which can lead to
variability in TDM results.

11. Final Thoughts
Therapeutic drug monitoring is an essential practice in modern healthcare
that helps ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. While there are
challenges, the benefits of TDM are clear, and new technologies are making
the process easier and more accessible than ever before.