Comparing Treatment Results Of PROSTATE CANCER - 2013
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There appears to be a higher cancer control success rate for Brachy over EBRT and Surgery for all groups. Patients are encouraged to look at graphs and determine for themselves
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Comparing Treatment Results Of PROSTATE CANCER - 2013
- 1. Comparing Treatment Results Of PROSTATE CANCER Prostate Cancer Results Study Group 2013 Peter Grimm, DO Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle 11/04/14 1
- 2. Problem: Patients, physicians and carriers need a simple, unbiased means to compare the cancer control rates of modern prostate cancer treatment methods. 11/04/14 2
- 3. To solve this problem, we have assembled 11/04/14 experts from key treating disciplines: Surgery, External Radiation, Internal (or Brachytherapy), High Frequency Ultrasound, and Proton Therapy The purpose of this work is to do a complete review study of the current literature on prostate cancer treatment 3
- 4. Ignace Billiet, MD F.E.B.U., Urologist Kortrijk, Belgium David Bostwick, MD Bostwick Laboratories David Crawford, MD Univ Colorado, Denver Adam Dicker, MD Thomas Jefferson U Philadelphia,PA Steven Frank, MD MD Andersen, Houston Texas Peter Grimm, DO Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle Jos Immerzeel, MD De Prostaat Kliniek Netherlands Stephen Langley, MD St Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford England Alvaro Martinez, MD William Beaumont , Royal Oak, Mi Mira Keyes, MD BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver Canada Patrick Kupelian, MD UCLA Med Center Los Angeles Robert Lee , MD Duke University Medical Center Stefan Machtens, MD University Bergisch, Gladbach Germany Jyoti Mayadev, UC Davis Davis ,California Brian Moran, MD Chicago Prostate Institute Chicago 11/04/14 4
- 5. Gregory Merrick, MD Schiffler Cancer Center Wheeling West Virginia Jeremy Millar, MD Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne Australia Mack Roach, MD UCSF San Francisco California Richard Stock, MD Mt. Sinai New York Katsuto Shinohara, MD UCSF San Francisco California Mark Scholz, MD Prostate Cancer Research Institute Marina del Ray California Edward Weber, MD Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle Anthony Zietman, MD Harvard Joint Center Boston Ma Michael Zelefsky, MD Memorial Sloan Kettering New York Jason Wong, MD UC Irvine Irvine California Stacy Wentworth, MD Piedmont Radiation Oncology Greensboro , NC Robyn Vera, DO Medical College of Virginia Richmond Virginia 11/04/14 5
- 6. ABOUT THIS REVIEW STUDY 23,000+ prostate studies were published between 2000 and 2012 989 of those studies featured treatment results 195 of those met the criteria to be included in this review study. (*1st & 2nd group) Some treatment methods are under-represented due to failure to meet criteria 11/04/14 6
- 7. “Will I be cured?” or “Will my treatment make me cancer free?” are valid patient questions. However, PSA values (our best measurement tool today) cannot answer this absolutely. The current state-of-the-art can only indicate that the treatment was “successful” if PSA numbers do not indicate cancer progression. 11/04/14 7
- 8. After prostate removal, PSA numbers usually fall rapidly to very low numbers and stay low. After radiation, PSA numbers usually come down slower, might increase then fall in the 1 to 3 year range (called a “PSA Bump”), and then usually level out at a higher number than the surgery patient. These different PSA expectations result in dissimilar ways to review a man’s PSA history to judge treatment success. This study makes no attempt to standardize those evaluation systems. 11/04/14 8
- 9. Brachy = Seed implantation either permanent or temporary seeds IMRT = Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy a form of External Radiation RP = Standard open radical prostatectomy Robot RP = Robotic Radical Prostatectomy HIFU = High frequency Ultrasound Cryo= Cryotherapy Protons = form of External Radiation using Protons EBRT= External Beam Radiation Therapy ADT= Hormone Therapy 11/04/14 9
- 10. Criteria for Inclusion of Article* 1. Patients should be separated into Low, Intermediate, and High Risk 2. Success must be determined by PSA analysis 3. All Treatment types considered: Seeds (Brachy), Surgery (Standard or Robotic), IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation), HIFU (High Frequency Ultrasound), CRYO (Cryo Therapy), Protons, HDR (High dose Rate Brachytherapy) 4. Article must be in a Peer Reviewed Journal * Expert panel consensus 11/04/14 10
- 11. 5. Low Risk articles must have a minimum of 100 patients 6. Intermediate Risk articles must have a minimum of 100 patients 7. High Risk articles, because of fewer patients, need only 50 patients to meet criteria 8. Patients must have been followed for a median of 5 years For additional criteria information contact: lisa@prostatecancertc.com 11/04/14 11
- 12. RP EBRT/ IMRT Cryo Brachy/ HDR Robot RP Proton HIFU 8.7% 10.6% 6% 19% 6% 23% 3% 25/285 28/263 2/33 51/275 4/65 3/13 1/33 Total of 989 Treatment Articles. Some articles addressed several treatments and were counted as separate articles for each treatment. *A few articles evaluated other/minor treatments and are not listed here. These calculations only include primary accepted articles, and do not include secondary acceptance totals. 11/04/14 12
- 13. How to Interpret the Results Each treatment is given a symbol. For example Seed implant alone (Brachy) is given a blue dot with a number in it. 2277 The number in the symbol refers to the article. The article can be found in the notes section below the slide ( go into “view” in up left corner of PowerPoint and click on note section, then click on this portion and scroll down to see all the references) Treatment Success % = Percent of men whose PSA numbers do not indicate cancer progression. (progression free) at a specific point in time The bottom line indicates the number years the study is out An example, the blue dot with 27 inside indicates that, as per article 27, 97% of the patients treated with seeds alone in low risk patients at 12 years were free of disease progression according to PSA numbers 11/04/14 13
- 14. How to Interpret the Results First Establish your clinical risk group* by looking at the definitions or ask your physician Refer only to those slides for your risk group Make your own judgment and then ask a doctor in each discipline ( Seeds, External Radiation Surgery, etc) to tell you where his/her own peer reviewed published Treatment Success % would fit on this plot. *Next Slide 11/04/14 14
- 15. LLooww RRiisskk SSttaaggee:: TT11 oorr TT22aa,,bb GGlleeaassoonn SSuumm << 66 PPSSAA << 1100 nngg//mmll 11/04/14 15
- 16. 100 90 80 70 LOW RISK RESULTS 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp. 1) 110011 1199 36 36 2 2 2233 7 7 60 1 1 1144 1122 2244 88 2277 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Seeds Surgery EBRT 55 2222 ← Years from Treatment → CRYO • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references HIFU gor P ASP % 1111 1155 Protons 2211 44 1188 99 1100 EBRT & Seeds 2255 Robot RP 2266 Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle HDR 2299 2288 3300 3311 3333 3322 3344 3377 3388 sseccuS t ne mt aer T 33 3399 35 4400 110000 1133 16 110033 110022 6 6 1166 106 110044 106 110077 110088 1177
- 17. LOW RISK RESULTS Weighted EBRT 1133 110011 1199 36 36 2 2 2233 2266 7 7 100 90 80 70 60 2277 55 2255 2222 1 1 1144 2211 1122 2244 88 44 1155 1188 99 1100 ← Years from Treatment → 1111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 EBRT & Seeds Robot RP Seeds Surgery EBRT CRYO • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references HIFU gor P ASP % Protons 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp. 1) 17 Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle HDR 2299 2288 3300 3311 3333 3322 3344 3377 3388 33 3399 35 4400 110000 Brachy Surgery Treatment Success 110033 110022 6 6 1166 106 110044 106 110077 110088 1177
- 18. “The PCRSG criteria is pretty strict and not a lot of studies fit. What happens if you include articles with only 40 months of follow up or have a long follow up but less than 100 patients?” 11/04/14 18
- 19. LOW RISK RESULTS >40 months follow-up or less than 100 patients 100 90 80 70 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) 8811 62 62 4444 EBRT & 19 110011 5511 6666 7755 8822 8888 6699 1199 36 36 2 2 2233 7 7 60 110000 1 1 1144 1122 2244 88 2277 5588 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Seeds Surgery EBRT 55 2222 ← Years from Treatment → CRYO • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references HIFU gor P ASP % 1111 1155 Protons 2211 44 1188 99 1100 EBRT & Seeds 2255 Robot RP 2266 Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle HDR 2299 2288 3300 3311 3333 3322 3344 3377 3388 sseccuS t ne mt aer T 33 3399 35 4400 4411 1133 6655 4499 7766 5566 8800 5599 6633 4411 7711 7722 9900 7733 7744 7700 4422 5577 8855 8844 4433 6644 ADT 5533 5544 7799 Hypo EBRT 8866 8877 4455 77778888 7777 44446666 44448888 9911 + + Seeds & ADT 899933 89 5500 6677 6688 99449955 5555 88883333 55552222 4477 6611 9966 110033 110022 9977 9988 6 6600 6 1166 106 110044 106 9999 110077 110088 1177
- 20. LOW RISK RESULTS Weighted >40 months follow-up or less than 100 patients 100 90 80 70 EBRT Brachy 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) 9922 8811 62 62 4444 EBRT & 20 110011 5511 6666 7755 8822 8888 6699 8899 1199 36 36 2 2 2233 7 7 60 110000 1 1 1144 1122 2244 88 2277 5588 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Seeds Surgery EBRT 55 2222 ← Years from Treatment → CRYO • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references HIFU gor P ASP % 1111 1155 Protons 2211 44 1188 99 1100 EBRT & Seeds 2255 Robot RP 2266 Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle HDR 2299 2288 3300 3311 3333 3322 3344 3377 3388 sseccuS t ne mt aer T 33 3399 35 4400 4411 1133 6655 4499 7766 5566 8800 5599 6633 4411 7711 7722 9900 7733 7744 7700 4422 5577 8855 8844 4433 6644 ADT 5533 5544 7799 8866 8877 4455 77778888 7777 44446666 44448888 9911 + + Seeds & ADT 9933 5500 6677 6688 99449955 5555 88883333 55552222 4477 6611 Surgery Hypo EBRT 9966 110033 110022 9977 9988 6 6600 6 1166 106 110044 106 9999 110077 110088 1177
- 21. Zelefsky definition Only 1 factor ▪ Clinical Stage T2c ▪ Gleason score > 7 ▪ PSA > 10 ng/ml D’Amico definition PSA 10-20 Gleason Score 7 or Stage T2b 11/04/14 21
- 22. INTERMEDIATE RISK RESULTS 100 90 80 70 60 50 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) Seeds + ADT EBRT & Seeds 22 40 4 4 2211 1155 3366 3377 4455 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Brachy Surgery EBRT CRYO HIFU 2299 2222 1199 55 sser gor P ASP % 1188 1122 2288 33 1177 1100 3322 9 9 88 22 2255 11 1133 HDR Protons ← Years from Treatment → • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle EBRT, Seeds + ADT 3388 + + Seeds Alone 4400 Robot RP 4411 4422 4444 4433 4466 Hypo EBRT sseccuS t ne mt aer T 7 7 1111 1144 2200 3355 3344 3399 2244 2233 1166 6 6 2266 3333 3300 2277 4488 4499 115500 115511 3311
- 23. INTERMEDIATE RISK RESULTS Weighted 100 90 80 70 60 50 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) Seeds + ADT 23 40 Brachy 4 4 2211 1155 3366 3377 3388 4455 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Brachy Surgery EBRT CRYO HIFU 2299 2222 1199 55 sser gor P ASP % 1188 1122 2288 33 1177 1100 3322 9 9 88 22 2255 11 1133 HDR Protons ← Years from Treatment → • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references + + Seeds Alone 4400 Robot RP 4411 4422 4444 4433 4466 7 7 1111 1144 2200 3355 3344 3399 2244 2233 1166 6 6 2266 3333 EBRT & Seeds EBRT Surgery EBRT & Seeds Hypo EBRT EBRT, Seeds + ADT Treatment Success Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle 3300 2277 4488 4499 115500 115511 3311
- 24. INTERMEDIATE RISK RESULTS >40 months follow-up or less than 100 patients 100 90 80 70 60 50 3300 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) Seeds + ADT EBRT & Seeds 24 40 4 4 6688 5588 5544 5599 9922 5577 7777 51 9911 9933 5500 8811 7711 2211 6666 1155 3366 4455 9977 6633 6677 7700 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Brachy Surgery EBRT CRYO HIFU 2299 2222 55 1199 sser gor P ASP % 1188 1122 2288 33 1177 1100 3322 9 9 88 22 2255 11 1133 HDR Protons ← Years from Treatment → • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle 3377 EBRT, Seeds + ADT 3388 + + Seeds Alone 4400 Robot RP 4411 4422 4444 4433 4466 sseccuS t ne mt aer T 7 7 1111 1144 2200 3355 3344 3399 2244 2233 1166 66 2266 3333 8822 8888 6655 110033 110022 110011 8866 8855 8877 EBRT + ADT 9944 6699 Hypo EBRT 9999 7755 9900 8899 5566 5555 8800 8833 6600 7733 7722 9988 5533 5522 7799 9955 6644 110000 8844 7788 6622 7744 9966 7766 110044 5599 5599 110055 2277 4488 4499 115500 115511 107 110066 107 3311 110099 110088
- 25. INTERMEDIATE RISK RESULTS weighted >40 months follow-up or less than 100 patients 100 90 80 70 60 50 3300 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) Seeds + ADT 25 40 4 4 6688 5588 5544 5599 9922 5577 7777 51 9911 9933 5500 8811 7711 2211 6666 1155 3366 4455 9977 6633 6677 7700 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Brachy Surgery EBRT CRYO HIFU 2299 2222 55 1199 sser gor P ASP % 1188 1122 2288 33 1177 1100 3322 9 9 88 22 2255 11 1133 HDR Protons ← Years from Treatment → • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle 3377 3388 + + Seeds Alone 4400 Robot RP 4411 4422 4444 4433 4466 7 7 1111 1144 2200 3355 3344 3399 2244 2233 1166 66 2266 3333 8822 8888 6655 110033 110022 110011 8866 8855 8877 EBRT + ADT 9944 6699 Hypo EBRT 9999 7755 9900 8899 5566 5555 8800 8833 6600 7733 7722 9988 5533 5522 7799 9955 6644 110000 8844 7788 6622 7744 9966 7766 EBRT Brachy Surgery EBRT & Seeds EBRT, Seeds + ADT Treatment Success 110044 110055 2277 4488 4499 115500 115511 107 110066 107 3311 110099 110088
- 26. Zelefsky definition 2 or more factors Gleason > 7 PSA 10-20 Clinical Stage T1c- T2b D'Amico Gleason Score 8-10 PSA >20 11/04/14 26
- 27. HIGH RISK RESULTS 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) EBRT & ADT EBRT & Seeds 27 2200 1166 1188 4455 4422 1111 6 6 3366 2255 1155 5 5 EBRT Seeds + ADT 1199 3300 2299 gor P ASP % 17 4444 2211 8 8 9 9 2244 2266 3377 4411 4433 1122 Protons HDR 3355 4466 ← Years from Treatment → • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle 4477 Robot RP 4488 4499 110011 110022 110033 110044 110055 110066 Hypo EBRT 110077 110099 sseccuS t ne mt aer T 2233 44 110088 2 2 3311 3399 3322 3333 3344 38 7 7 1 1 111100 2277 3 3 1133 1144 2288 4400 1100 111111 111122 111122 111133 111144 111155 Surg & ADT 111166 111188 111177 112211 111199
- 28. HIGH RISK RESULTS Weighted 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) 28 EBRT, Seeds & ADT 2200 1166 1188 4455 4422 1111 6 6 3366 2255 1155 5 5 EBRT Seeds + ADT 1199 3300 2299 gor P ASP % 17 4444 2211 8 8 9 9 2222 2244 2266 3377 4411 4433 1122 Protons HDR 3355 4466 111100 ← Years from Treatment → • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle 4477 Robot RP 4488 4499 110011 110022 110033 110044 110055 110066 110077 110099 2233 44 110088 2 2 3311 3399 3322 3333 3344 38 Brachy EBRT Surgery EBRT & ADT EBRT & Seeds Hypo EBRT Treatment Success 1 1 7 7 2277 3 3 1133 1144 2288 4400 1100 111111 111122 111122 111133 111144 111155 111166 Surg & ADT 111188 111177 112211 111199
- 29. HIGH RISK RESULTS >40 months follow-up or less than 100 patients 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) EBRT & ADT EBRT & Seeds 29 4422 1111 8833 8822 6 6 65 81 74 9922 80 78 6677 6666 79 3366 2255 1155 5 5 EBRT Seeds + ADT 1199 3300 2200 1166 1188 5522 2299 gor P ASP % 17 4444 2211 8 8 5544 9 9 2222 2244 2266 3377 4411 4433 1122 Protons HDR 4466 7722 ← Years from Treatment → • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle 4477 Robot RP 4488 4499 110011 110022 110033 110044 110055 110066 Hypo EBRT 110077 110099 sseccuS t ne mt aer T 3355 44 110088 2 2 3311 3399 3322 3333 3344 38 5500 5511 53 55 HIFU 5566 8866 8877 57 5588 5599 6611 6622 6633 6644 6688 6699 7700 7711 7733 75 76 77 8888 8899 8844 85 1 1 7 7 9900 9911 111100 2277 3 3 1133 1144 2288 4400 1100 4455 2233 111111 111122 111122 111133 111144 111155 111166 Surg & ADT 111188 111177 111121211919 111199 6600
- 30. HIGH RISK RESULTS Weighted >40 months follow-up or less than 100 patients 11/04/14 BJU Int, 2012, Vol. 109(Supp 1) 30 2200 1166 1188 4422 1111 8833 8822 7 7 6 6 65 81 74 9922 80 78 6677 6600 79 3366 2255 1155 5 5 1199 3300 5522 2299 gor P ASP % 17 4444 1 1 9900 2211 8 8 5544 6666 9 9 2222 Brachy 2244 2266 3377 4411 4433 1122 Protons 3355 4466 7722 ← Years from Treatment → • Prostate Cancer Results Study Group • Numbers within symbols refer to references 4477 4488 4499 110011 110022 110033 110044 110055 110066 110077 110099 sseccuS t ne mt aer T 1100 2233 44 110088 2 2 3311 3399 3322 3333 3344 38 5500 5511 53 55 HIFU 5566 8866 8877 57 5588 5599 6611 6622 6633 6644 6688 6699 7700 7711 7733 75 76 77 8888 8899 8844 85 Surgery EBRT EBRT & ADT EBRT & Seeds Hypo EBRT HDR EBRT Seeds + ADT Robot RP Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle 9911 111100 2277 3 3 1133 1144 2288 4400 4455 111111 111122 111122 111133 111144 111155 111166 Surg & ADT 111188 111199
- 31. OBSERVATIONS For most low risk patients, most therapies will be successful. There appears to be a higher cancer control success rate for Brachy over EBRT and Surgery for all groups. Patients are encouraged to look at graphs and determine for themselves Serious side effect rates must be considered for any treatment Relaxing the report selection criteria doesn’t seem to impact the results substantially 11/04/14 31
- 32. = Seeds alone = EBRT & Seeds = Surgery = Standard Radical Prostatectomy = “Robot” =Robotic Prostatectomy = “HIFU” = High Frequency Ultrasound = “HDR”= High Dose Rate Brachytherapy +/-EBRT = EBRT alone = Hypo EBRT = Protons 11/04/14 32
- 33. = “CRYO” Cryo Therapy = EBRT, Seeds, & ADT = Seeds & ADT = EBRT & ADT = Surgery & ADT = “Brachy” = all seed implant treatments = all Surgery treatments = all EBRT treatments = all EBRT & Seeds = all EBRT, Seeds & ADT + + 11/04/14 33
- 34. LLooww RRiisskk SSttaaggee:: TT11 oorr TT22aa,,bb GGlleeaassoonn SSuumm << 66 PPSSAA << 1100 nngg//mmll IInntteerrmmeeddiiaattee RRiisskk SSttaaggee TT11 oorr TT11--22 SSttaaggee TT11--22 GGlleeaassoonn SSccoorree 77 oorr GGlleeaassoonn 66 PPSSAA << 1100 PPSSAA 1100--2200 HHiigghh RRiisskk Stage T2c or T3 Gleason score ≥ 8 PSA > 20 ng/mL 11/04/14 34
- 35. Peter Grimm, DO peter@grimm.com Lisa Grimm, Research Coordinator lisa@prostatecancertc.com Or ProstateCancerTC.com Or contact PCRSG member Prostate Cancer Center of Seattle website www.Prostatecancertreatmentcenter.com 11/04/14 35
Editor's Notes
- 1st Group References: Kupelian P, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33.(RP) Thames H, et al. Increasing external beam dose for T1-T2 prostate cancer: Effect on risk groups. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65(4):975-981. Zelefsky M, et al. Multi-institutional analysis of long-term outcome for stages T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with permanent seed implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):327-333. Martin AG, Roy J, Beaulieu L, et al. Permanent prostate implant using high activity seeds and inverse planning with fast simulated annealing algorithm: A 12-Year Canadian experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):334-341. Potters L, et al.12-Year outcomes following permanent prostate brachytherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2005;173:1562-1566. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. Zelefsky M, et al. Long term outcome of high dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-1419. Zelefsky M, et al. Five-Year outcome of Intraoperative conformal permanent I-125 interstitial implantation for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(1):65-70. Boorjian S, et al. Mayo Clinic validation of the D&apos;Amico risk group classification for predicting survival following radical prostatectomy. J Urology 2008;179:1354-1361. Critz J, et al. 10-Year disease free survival rates after simultaneous irradiation for prostate cancer with a focus on calculation and methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. Kuban D, et al. Long-Term multi-institutional analysis of stage T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy in the PSA era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4):915-928. Weight C, et al. Limited pelvic lymph node dissection does not improve biochemical relapse free survival at 10-years after radical prostatectomy in patients with low risk prostate cancer. J Urology 2008;71(1):141-145. Merrick G, et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-Free Survival After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2005;66(5):1048-1053. Merrick G, et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause-specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65(3):669-67 Rossi C, et al. Conformal proton beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: concepts and clinical results. Community Oncology 2007;4(4):235-240. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500. Morris, W et al. Population-based 10-year oncologic outcomes after low-dose-rate brachytherapy for low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2012; epub ahead of print Dec. 26. Zelefsky M, et al. Long-term results of conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Impact of dose escalation in biochemical tumor control and distant metastases-free survival outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;71(4):1028-1033. Pickles T, et al. Brachytherapy or Conformal External Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A single-Institutional Matched Pair Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76(1): 43-49. (EBRT) (Open) Bittner N, et al. Primary causes of death after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;72(2):433-440. Morris W, et al. Population-based Study of Biochemical and Survival Outcomes After Permanenet 125I Brachytherapy for Low and Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer. Urol 2009; 73(4);860-867. Moyad M, et al. Statins, especially Atorvastatin may favorably influence clinical presentation and biochemical PFS after brachytherapy of clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. Bhatta-Dhar N, et al. No difference in 6 year biochemical failure rates with or without pelvic lymph node during radical prostatectomy in low risk patients with prostate cancer. Urology 2004;63(3): 528-531. Zietman A, et al. Comparison of conventional dose vs high dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized Adenocarcinoma of the prostate. JAMA 2005;294(10):1233-1239 & Correction: JAMA 2008; 299(8): 898-900. Nguyen P, et al. Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prevalent versus incident cases of prostate cancer. Cancer 2008;113(11):3146-3152. Taira A, et al. Natural history of clinically staged low- and intermediate risk prostate cancer treated with monotherapeutic permanent interstitial brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(2):349-354. Update Paper: Taira, A et al. Long-Term Outcomes for Clinically Licalized Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanene Interstitial Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys, 2011;79(5):1336-42. Demanes J, et al. Excellent results from high dose rate brachytherapy and external beam for prostate cancer are not improved by Androgen deprivation. Amer J Clin Oncol 2009;32(4):342-347. Stone N, et al. Local control following permanent prostate brachytherapy: Effect of high biologically effective dose on biopsy results and oncologic outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. Pickles T, et al. Brachytherapy or conformal external radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A single-istitution matched-pair analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):43-49. (Seeds) Jabbari S, et al. Equivalent biochemical control and improved prostate-specific antigen nadir after permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy versus high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and high-dose conformal proton beam radiotherapy boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):36-42. (Protons) Zeitman A, et al. Randomized trial comparing conventional dose with high dose conformal radiation therapy in early-stage Adenocarcinoma of the prostate: Long term results from proton radiation oncology group/American College of Radiology 95-09. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(7):1106-1111. Menon M, et al. Biochemical recurrence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5-year follow-up. Eur Urol. 2010;58:838-46. Kane CJ, et al. Outcomes after radical prostatectomy among men who are candidates for active surveillance: Results from the SEARCH database urology. Urol 2010;76(3):695-700. Ellis R, et al. Ten year outcomes : The clinical utility of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography capromab pendetide (prostascint) in a cohort diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81(1): 29-34. Epub date: 10-18-2010. Hinnen, K. et al. Long term biochemical and survival outcome of 921 patients treated with I-125 permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. Zelefsky et al. Comparison of Tumor Control and toxicity Outcomes of IMRT and Brachytherapy for Patients with Favorable Risk PCa J Urology 2011; 77(4): 986-90. Epub date: 12-31-2010. (Seeds) Zelefsky et al. Comparison of Tumor Control and toxicity Outcomes of IMRT and Brachytherapy for Patients with Favorable Risk PCa J Urology 2011; 77(4): 986-90. Epub date: 12-31-2010. (IMRT 81Gy) Burri, R. et al. Young Men Have Equivalent Biochemical outcomes Compared With Older Men After Treatment With Brachytherapy For Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 77(5):1315-1321. Jabbari S, et al. Equivalent biochemical control and improved prostate-specific antigen nadir after permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy versus high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and high-dose conformal proton beam radiotherapy boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):36-42. (Seeds) 100. Kupelian P, Kuban D, Thames H, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33. (Seeds) 101. Kupelian P, Kuban D, Thames H, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33. (EBRT) 102. Coen, J et al. Comparison of High-Dose-Rate Proton Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Case-Matched Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;81(1):e25-e31. (Brachy) 103. Coen, J et al. Comparison of High-Dose-Rate Proton Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Case-Matched Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;81(1):e25-e31. (Protons) 104. Sylvester, J, Grimm P et at Fifteen Year Biochemical RFS CSS, OS Following I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy in Clinically localized prostate cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81;376-81: 105. (Open) 106. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 107 Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. 108. Mulllins, J et al. Radical prostatectomy outcome in men 65 years old or older with low risk prostate cancer. J Urol 2012;187(5):1620-25.
- 1st Group References: Kupelian P, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33.(RP) Thames H, et al. Increasing external beam dose for T1-T2 prostate cancer: Effect on risk groups. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65(4):975-981. Zelefsky M, et al. Multi-institutional analysis of long-term outcome for stages T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with permanent seed implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):327-333. Martin AG, Roy J, Beaulieu L, et al. Permanent prostate implant using high activity seeds and inverse planning with fast simulated annealing algorithm: A 12-Year Canadian experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):334-341. Potters L, et al.12-Year outcomes following permanent prostate brachytherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2005;173:1562-1566. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. Zelefsky M, et al. Long term outcome of high dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-1419. Zelefsky M, et al. Five-Year outcome of Intraoperative conformal permanent I-125 interstitial implantation for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(1):65-70. Boorjian S, et al. Mayo Clinic validation of the D&apos;Amico risk group classification for predicting survival following radical prostatectomy. J Urology 2008;179:1354-1361. Critz J, et al. 10-Year disease free survival rates after simultaneous irradiation for prostate cancer with a focus on calculation and methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. Kuban D, et al. Long-Term multi-institutional analysis of stage T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy in the PSA era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4):915-928. Weight C, et al. Limited pelvic lymph node dissection does not improve biochemical relapse free survival at 10-years after radical prostatectomy in patients with low risk prostate cancer. J Urology 2008;71(1):141-145. Merrick G, et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-Free Survival After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2005;66(5):1048-1053. Merrick G, et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause-specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65(3):669-67 Rossi C, et al. Conformal proton beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: concepts and clinical results. Community Oncology 2007;4(4):235-240. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500. Morris, W et al. Population-based 10-year oncologic outcomes after low-dose-rate brachytherapy for low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2012; epub ahead of print Dec. 26. Zelefsky M, et al. Long-term results of conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Impact of dose escalation in biochemical tumor control and distant metastases-free survival outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;71(4):1028-1033. Pickles T, et al. Brachytherapy or Conformal External Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A single-Institutional Matched Pair Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76(1): 43-49. (EBRT) (Open) Bittner N, et al. Primary causes of death after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;72(2):433-440. Morris W, et al. Population-based Study of Biochemical and Survival Outcomes After Permanenet 125I Brachytherapy for Low and Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer. Urol 2009; 73(4);860-867. Moyad M, et al. Statins, especially Atorvastatin may favorably influence clinical presentation and biochemical PFS after brachytherapy of clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. Bhatta-Dhar N, et al. No difference in 6 year biochemical failure rates with or without pelvic lymph node during radical prostatectomy in low risk patients with prostate cancer. Urology 2004;63(3): 528-531. Zietman A, et al. Comparison of conventional dose vs high dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized Adenocarcinoma of the prostate. JAMA 2005;294(10):1233-1239 & Correction: JAMA 2008; 299(8): 898-900. Nguyen P, et al. Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prevalent versus incident cases of prostate cancer. Cancer 2008;113(11):3146-3152. Taira A, et al. Natural history of clinically staged low- and intermediate risk prostate cancer treated with monotherapeutic permanent interstitial brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(2):349-354. Update Paper: Taira, A et al. Long-Term Outcomes for Clinically Licalized Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanene Interstitial Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys, 2011;79(5):1336-42. Demanes J, et al. Excellent results from high dose rate brachytherapy and external beam for prostate cancer are not improved by Androgen deprivation. Amer J Clin Oncol 2009;32(4):342-347. Stone N, et al. Local control following permanent prostate brachytherapy: Effect of high biologically effective dose on biopsy results and oncologic outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. Pickles T, et al. Brachytherapy or conformal external radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A single-istitution matched-pair analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):43-49. (Seeds) Jabbari S, et al. Equivalent biochemical control and improved prostate-specific antigen nadir after permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy versus high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and high-dose conformal proton beam radiotherapy boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):36-42. (Protons) Zeitman A, et al. Randomized trial comparing conventional dose with high dose conformal radiation therapy in early-stage Adenocarcinoma of the prostate: Long term results from proton radiation oncology group/American College of Radiology 95-09. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(7):1106-1111. Menon M, et al. Biochemical recurrence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5-year follow-up. Eur Urol. 2010;58:838-46. Kane CJ, et al. Outcomes after radical prostatectomy among men who are candidates for active surveillance: Results from the SEARCH database urology. Urol 2010;76(3):695-700. Ellis R, et al. Ten year outcomes : The clinical utility of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography capromab pendetide (prostascint) in a cohort diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81(1): 29-34. Epub date: 10-18-2010. Hinnen, K. et al. Long term biochemical and survival outcome of 921 patients treated with I-125 permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. Zelefsky et al. Comparison of Tumor Control and toxicity Outcomes of IMRT and Brachytherapy for Patients with Favorable Risk PCa J Urology 2011; 77(4): 986-90. Epub date: 12-31-2010. (Seeds) Zelefsky et al. Comparison of Tumor Control and toxicity Outcomes of IMRT and Brachytherapy for Patients with Favorable Risk PCa J Urology 2011; 77(4): 986-90. Epub date: 12-31-2010. (IMRT 81Gy) Burri, R. et al. Young Men Have Equivalent Biochemical outcomes Compared With Older Men After Treatment With Brachytherapy For Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 77(5):1315-1321. Jabbari S, et al. Equivalent biochemical control and improved prostate-specific antigen nadir after permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy versus high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and high-dose conformal proton beam radiotherapy boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):36-42. (Seeds) 100. Kupelian P, Kuban D, Thames H, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33. (Seeds) 101. Kupelian P, Kuban D, Thames H, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33. (EBRT) 102. Coen, J et al. Comparison of High-Dose-Rate Proton Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Case-Matched Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;81(1):e25-e31. (Brachy) 103. Coen, J et al. Comparison of High-Dose-Rate Proton Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Case-Matched Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;81(1):e25-e31. (Protons) 104. Sylvester, J, Grimm P et at Fifteen Year Biochemical RFS CSS, OS Following I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy in Clinically localized prostate cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81;376-81: 105. (Open) 106 Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 107. Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. 108. Mullins, J et al. Radical prostatectomy outcome in men 65 years old or older with low risk prostate cancer. J Urol 2012;187(5):1620-25.
- 1st Group References: Kupelian P, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33.(RP) Thames H, et al. Increasing external beam dose for T1-T2 prostate cancer: Effect on risk groups. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65(4):975-981. Zelefsky M, et al. Multi-institutional analysis of long-term outcome for stages T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with permanent seed implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):327-333. Martin AG, Roy J, Beaulieu L, et al. Permanent prostate implant using high activity seeds and inverse planning with fast simulated annealing algorithm: A 12-Year Canadian experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):334-341. Potters L, et al.12-Year outcomes following permanent prostate brachytherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2005;173:1562-1566. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. Zelefsky M, et al. Long term outcome of high dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-1419. Zelefsky M, et al. Five-Year outcome of Intraoperative conformal permanent I-125 interstitial implantation for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(1):65-70. Boorjian S, et al. Mayo Clinic validation of the D&apos;Amico risk group classification for predicting survival following radical prostatectomy. J Urology 2008;179:1354-1361. Critz J, et al. 10-Year disease free survival rates after simultaneous irradiation for prostate cancer with a focus on calculation and methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. Kuban D, et al. Long-Term multi-institutional analysis of stage T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy in the PSA era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4):915-928. Weight C, et al. Limited pelvic lymph node dissection does not improve biochemical relapse free survival at 10-years after radical prostatectomy in patients with low risk prostate cancer. J Urology 2008;71(1):141-145. Merrick G, et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-Free Survival After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2005;66(5):1048-1053. Merrick G, et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause-specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65(3):669-67 Rossi C, et al. Conformal proton beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: concepts and clinical results. Community Oncology 2007;4(4):235-240. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500. Morris, W et al. Population-based 10-year oncologic outcomes after low-dose-rate brachytherapy for low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2012; epub ahead of print Dec. 26. Zelefsky M, et al. Long-term results of conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Impact of dose escalation in biochemical tumor control and distant metastases-free survival outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;71(4):1028-1033. Pickles T, et al. Brachytherapy or Conformal External Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A single-Institutional Matched Pair Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76(1): 43-49. (EBRT) (Open) Bittner N, et al. Primary causes of death after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;72(2):433-440. Morris W, et al. Population-based Study of Biochemical and Survival Outcomes After Permanenet 125I Brachytherapy for Low and Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer. Urol 2009; 73(4);860-867. Moyad M, et al. Statins, especially Atorvastatin may favorably influence clinical presentation and biochemical PFS after brachytherapy of clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. Bhatta-Dhar N, et al. No difference in 6 year biochemical failure rates with or without pelvic lymph node during radical prostatectomy in low risk patients with prostate cancer. Urology 2004;63(3): 528-531. Zietman A, et al. Comparison of conventional dose vs high dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized Adenocarcinoma of the prostate. JAMA 2005;294(10):1233-1239 & Correction: JAMA 2008; 299(8): 898-900. Nguyen P, et al. Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prevalent versus incident cases of prostate cancer. Cancer 2008;113(11):3146-3152. Taira A, et al. Natural history of clinically staged low- and intermediate risk prostate cancer treated with monotherapeutic permanent interstitial brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(2):349-354. Update Paper: Taira, A et al. Long-Term Outcomes for Clinically Licalized Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanene Interstitial Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys, 2011;79(5):1336-42. Demanes J, et al. Excellent results from high dose rate brachytherapy and external beam for prostate cancer are not improved by Androgen deprivation. Amer J Clin Oncol 2009;32(4):342-347. Stone N, et al. Local control following permanent prostate brachytherapy: Effect of high biologically effective dose on biopsy results and oncologic outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. Pickles T, et al. Brachytherapy or conformal external radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A single-istitution matched-pair analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):43-49. (Seeds) Jabbari S, et al. Equivalent biochemical control and improved prostate-specific antigen nadir after permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy versus high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and high-dose conformal proton beam radiotherapy boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):36-42. (Protons) Zeitman A, et al. Randomized trial comparing conventional dose with high dose conformal radiation therapy in early-stage Adenocarcinoma of the prostate: Long term results from proton radiation oncology group/American College of Radiology 95-09. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(7):1106-1111. Menon M, et al. Biochemical recurrence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5-year follow-up. Eur Urol. 2010;58:838-46. Kane CJ, et al. Outcomes after radical prostatectomy among men who are candidates for active surveillance: Results from the SEARCH database urology. Urol 2010;76(3):695-700. Ellis R, et al. Ten year outcomes : The clinical utility of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography capromab pendetide (prostascint) in a cohort diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81(1): 29-34. Epub date: 10-18-2010. Hinnen, K. et al. Long term biochemical and survival outcome of 921 patients treated with I-125 permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. Zelefsky et al. Comparison of Tumor Control and toxicity Outcomes of IMRT and Brachytherapy for Patients with Favorable Risk PCa J Urology 2011; 77(4): 986-90. Epub date: 12-31-2010. (Seeds) Zelefsky et al. Comparison of Tumor Control and toxicity Outcomes of IMRT and Brachytherapy for Patients with Favorable Risk PCa J Urology 2011; 77(4): 986-90. Epub date: 12-31-2010. (IMRT 81Gy) Burri, R. et al. Young Men Have Equivalent Biochemical outcomes Compared With Older Men After Treatment With Brachytherapy For Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 77(5):1315-1321. Jabbari S, et al. Equivalent biochemical control and improved prostate-specific antigen nadir after permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy versus high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and high-dose conformal proton beam radiotherapy boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):36-42. (Seeds) 100. Kupelian P, Kuban D, Thames H, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33. (Seeds) 101. Kupelian P, Kuban D, Thames H, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33. (EBRT) 102. Coen, J et al. Comparison of High-Dose-Rate Proton Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Case-Matched Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;81(1):e25-e31. (Brachy) 103. Coen, J et al. Comparison of High-Dose-Rate Proton Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Case-Matched Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;81(1):e25-e31. (Protons) 104. Sylvester, J, Grimm P et at Fifteen Year Biochemical RFS CSS, OS Following I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy in Clinically localized prostate cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81;376-81: 105. (Open) 106. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 107. Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. 108 Mullins, J et al. 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Deger S, et al. High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy with conformal radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Eurr Urology 2005;47(4):441-448. Colberg J, et al. Surgery versus implant for early prostate cancer: results from a single institution, 1992-2005. Cancer J 2007;13(4):229-232. (RP) Colberg J, et al. Surgery versus implant for early prostate cancer: results from a single institution, 1992-2005. Cancer J 2007;13(4):229-232. (Seeds) D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma in the prostate specific antigen era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-285. (RP) D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma in the prostate specific antigen era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-285. (EBRT) Block T, et al. Transperineal permanent seed implantation of “low-risk” prostate cancer. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 2006;182:666-671. Battermann J, et al. Results of permanent prostate brachytherapy, 13 years of experience at a single institution. Radiotherapy & Oncology 2004;71:23-28. Livsey J, et al. Hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy in carcinoma of the prostate: five-year outcome analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(5):1254-1259. Lederman G.S, et al. Retrospective stratification of a consecutive cohort of prostate cancer patients treated with a combined regimen of external-beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 49(5):1297-1303. Kuban D, et al. Long-term results of the M.D. Anderson randomized dose-escalation trial for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;70(1):67-74. (78Gy) Berglund R, et al. Limited pelvic lymph node dissection at the time of radical prostatectomy does not affect 5-year failure rates for low, intermediate and high risk prostate cancer: results from CaPSURE. J Urology 2007;177:526-530. Khaksar S, et al. Interstitial low dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer- A focus on intermediate- and high-risk disease. Clinical Oncology 2006;18:513-518. Hull G, et al. Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1,000 consecutive patients. J Urology 2002;167:528-534. Sylvester J, et al. Ten-year biochemical relapse-free survival after external beam radiation and brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: The Seattle experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4)944-952. Giberti C, et al. Radial retropubic prostatectomy versus brachytherapy for low-risk prostatic cancer: a prospective study. World J Urol 2009;27:607-612. (RP) Giberti C, et al. Radial retropubic prostatectomy versus brachytherapy for low-risk prostatic cancer: a prospective study. World J Urol 2009;27:607-612. (Seeds) Kupelian P, et al. Hypofractionated intersity-modulated radiotherapy (70 GY at 2.5GY per fraction) for localized prostate cancer: Cleveland clinic experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;68(5):1424-1430. Kupelian P, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of local therapies for localized prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen era: A large scale single institution experience with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy. J Clinical Oncology 2002;20(16):3376-3385. (RP) Kupelian P, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of local therapies for localized prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen era: A large scale single institution experience with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy. J Clinical Oncology 2002;20(16):3376-3385. (EBRT) Peschel R, et al. Iodine 125 versus palladium 103 implants for prostate cancer: Clinical outcomes and complications. The Cancer Journal 2004;10(3):170-174. Crouzet S, et al. Multicentric Oncologic Outcomes of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Localized Prostate Cancer in 803 patients. Eurr Urol 2010;58:559-566. Misraї V, et al. Oncologic control provided by HIFU therapy as single treatment in men with localized prostate cancer. World J Urol 2008;26:481-485. Nobes JP, et al. Biochemical relapse-free survival in 400 patients treated with I-125 prostate brachytherapy: the Guildford experience. Prostate Cancer & Prostatic Disease 2009;12:61-66. (Seeds) Nobes JP, et al. Biochemical relapse-free survival in 400 patients treated with I-125 prostate brachytherapy: the Guildford experience. Prostate Cancer & Prostatic Disease 2009;12:61-66. (Seeds & ADT) Shapiro E, et al. Long-Term outcomes in younger men following permanent prostate brachytherapy. J Urol 2009;181:1665-1671. (&lt;60 yrs old) Shapiro E, et al. Long-Term outcomes in younger men following permanent prostate brachytherapy. J Urol 2009;181:1665-1671. (&gt;60 yrs old) 96. Crook, J et al. 10-Year Experience with I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy at the Princess Margaret Hospital: Results for 1,100 Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;80(5):1323-29. 97. Goldner, G et al. Comparison of seed brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy (70Gy or 74Gy) in 919 low-risk prostate cancer patients. Stathentherapie und Onkol 2012;4:305-10. (Brachy) 98. Goldner, G et al. Comparison of seed brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy (70Gy or 74Gy) in 919 low-risk prostate cancer patients. Stathentherapie und Onkol 2012;4:305-10. (EBRT) 99.Lubbe, W et al. Biochemical and clinical experience with real-time intraoperatively planned permanent prostate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2012;11(3):209-13.
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Potters L, et al.12-Year outcomes following permanent prostate brachytherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2005;173:1562-1566. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. Zelefsky M, et al. Long term outcome of high dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-1419. Zelefsky M, et al. Five-Year outcome of Intraoperative conformal permanent I-125 interstitial implantation for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(1):65-70. Boorjian S, et al. Mayo Clinic validation of the D&apos;Amico risk group classification for predicting survival following radical prostatectomy. J Urology 2008;179:1354-1361. Critz J, et al. 10-Year disease free survival rates after simultaneous irradiation for prostate cancer with a focus on calculation and methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. Kuban D, et al. Long-Term multi-institutional analysis of stage T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy in the PSA era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4):915-928. Weight C, et al. Limited pelvic lymph node dissection does not improve biochemical relapse free survival at 10-years after radical prostatectomy in patients with low risk prostate cancer. J Urology 2008;71(1):141-145. Merrick G, et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-Free Survival After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2005;66(5):1048-1053. Merrick G, et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause-specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65(3):669-67 Rossi C, et al. Conformal proton beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: concepts and clinical results. Community Oncology 2007;4(4):235-240. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500. Morris, W et al. Population-based 10-year oncologic outcomes after low-dose-rate brachytherapy for low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2012; epub ahead of print Dec. 26. Zelefsky M, et al. Long-term results of conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Impact of dose escalation in biochemical tumor control and distant metastases-free survival outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;71(4):1028-1033. Pickles T, et al. Brachytherapy or Conformal External Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A single-Institutional Matched Pair Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76(1): 43-49. (EBRT) (Open) Bittner N, et al. Primary causes of death after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;72(2):433-440. Morris W, et al. Population-based Study of Biochemical and Survival Outcomes After Permanenet 125I Brachytherapy for Low and Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer. Urol 2009; 73(4);860-867. Moyad M, et al. Statins, especially Atorvastatin may favorably influence clinical presentation and biochemical PFS after brachytherapy of clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. Bhatta-Dhar N, et al. No difference in 6 year biochemical failure rates with or without pelvic lymph node during radical prostatectomy in low risk patients with prostate cancer. Urology 2004;63(3): 528-531. Zietman A, et al. Comparison of conventional dose vs high dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized Adenocarcinoma of the prostate. JAMA 2005;294(10):1233-1239 & Correction: JAMA 2008; 299(8): 898-900. Nguyen P, et al. Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prevalent versus incident cases of prostate cancer. Cancer 2008;113(11):3146-3152. Taira A, et al. Natural history of clinically staged low- and intermediate risk prostate cancer treated with monotherapeutic permanent interstitial brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(2):349-354. Update Paper: Taira, A et al. Long-Term Outcomes for Clinically Licalized Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanene Interstitial Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys, 2011;79(5):1336-42. Demanes J, et al. Excellent results from high dose rate brachytherapy and external beam for prostate cancer are not improved by Androgen deprivation. Amer J Clin Oncol 2009;32(4):342-347. Stone N, et al. Local control following permanent prostate brachytherapy: Effect of high biologically effective dose on biopsy results and oncologic outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. Pickles T, et al. Brachytherapy or conformal external radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A single-istitution matched-pair analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):43-49. (Seeds) Jabbari S, et al. Equivalent biochemical control and improved prostate-specific antigen nadir after permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy versus high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and high-dose conformal proton beam radiotherapy boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):36-42. (Protons) Zeitman A, et al. Randomized trial comparing conventional dose with high dose conformal radiation therapy in early-stage Adenocarcinoma of the prostate: Long term results from proton radiation oncology group/American College of Radiology 95-09. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(7):1106-1111. Menon M, et al. Biochemical recurrence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5-year follow-up. Eur Urol. 2010;58:838-46. Kane CJ, et al. Outcomes after radical prostatectomy among men who are candidates for active surveillance: Results from the SEARCH database urology. Urol 2010;76(3):695-700. Ellis R, et al. Ten year outcomes : The clinical utility of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography capromab pendetide (prostascint) in a cohort diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81(1): 29-34. Epub date: 10-18-2010. Hinnen, K. et al. Long term biochemical and survival outcome of 921 patients treated with I-125 permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. Zelefsky et al. Comparison of Tumor Control and toxicity Outcomes of IMRT and Brachytherapy for Patients with Favorable Risk PCa J Urology 2011; 77(4): 986-90. Epub date: 12-31-2010. (Seeds) Zelefsky et al. Comparison of Tumor Control and toxicity Outcomes of IMRT and Brachytherapy for Patients with Favorable Risk PCa J Urology 2011; 77(4): 986-90. Epub date: 12-31-2010. (IMRT 81Gy) Burri, R. et al. Young Men Have Equivalent Biochemical outcomes Compared With Older Men After Treatment With Brachytherapy For Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 77(5):1315-1321. Jabbari S, et al. Equivalent biochemical control and improved prostate-specific antigen nadir after permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy versus high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and high-dose conformal proton beam radiotherapy boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):36-42. (Seeds) 100. Kupelian P, Kuban D, Thames H, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33. (Seeds) 101. Kupelian P, Kuban D, Thames H, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:(1):25-33. (EBRT) 102. Coen, J et al. Comparison of High-Dose-Rate Proton Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Case-Matched Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;81(1):e25-e31. (Brachy) 103. Coen, J et al. Comparison of High-Dose-Rate Proton Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Case-Matched Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;81(1):e25-e31. (Protons) 104. Sylvester, J, Grimm P et at Fifteen Year Biochemical RFS CSS, OS Following I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy in Clinically localized prostate cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81;376-81: 105. (Open) 106. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 107. Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. 108. Mullins, J et al. Radical prostatectomy outcome in men 65 years old or older with low risk prostate cancer. J Urol 2012;187(5):1620-25. 2nd Group References: Blasko J, et al. Palladium-103 brachytherapy for prostate carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000;46(4):839-850. Demanes D, et al. High-Dose-Rate Intensity-Modulated Brachytherapy with External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: California Endocurietherapy;s 10-Year results. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(5):1306-1316. Grimm P, et al. 10-year biochemical (prostate-specific antigen) control of prostate cancer with I-125 brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;51(1):31-40. Hernandez D, et al. Contemporary evaluation of the D&apos;Amico risk classification of prostate cancer. J Urol 2007; 70(5): 931-935. Kupelian P, et al.Improved Biochemical relapse-free survuval with increased external radiation doses in patients with localized prostate cancer: the combined experience of nine institutions in patients treated in 1994 and 1995. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;61(2):415-419. Merrick G, et al. Impact of supplemental external beam radiotherapy and/or androgen deprivation therapy on biochemical outcome after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;61(1):132-43. Vora S, et al. Analysis of biochemical control and prognostic factors in patients treated with either low-dose three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy or high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;68(4):1053-1058. Merrick G, et al. Brachytherapy inmen aged &lt;54 years with clinically localized prostate cancer. BJU Int 2006;98:324-328. Bahn D, et al. Targeted cryoablation of the prostate: 7 year outcome in the primary treatment of prostate cancer. Urol 2002;60(Supp 2A):3-11. Phan T, et al. High dose rate brachytherapy as a boost for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Urol 2007;177:123-127. Cahlon O, et al. Ultra high dose (86.4Gy) IMRT for localized prostate cancer: toxicity and biochemical outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;71(2):330-337. Sylvester J, et al. 15-Year biochemical relapse free survival in clinical stage T1-T3 prostate cancer following combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy; Seattle experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(1):57-64. Higgins G, et al. Outcome analysis of 300 prostate cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and hypofractionated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65(4):982-989. Kollmeier M, et al. Biochemical outcomes after prostate brachytherapy with 5-year minimal follow-up: importance of patient selection and implant quality. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(3):645-653. Stone N, et al. Customized dose prescription for permanent prostate brachytherapy: Insights from a multicenter analysis of dosimetry outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;69(5):1472-1477. Beyer D, et al. Relative influence of Gleason score and pretreatment PSA in predicting survival following brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2003;2:77-84. Ellis R, et al. Biochemical disease-free survival rates following definitive low-dose rate prostate brachytherapy with dose escalation to biologic target volumes identified with SPECT/CT capromab pendetide. Brachytherapy 2007;6:16-25. Kwok Y, et al. Risk group stratification in patients undergoing permanent I-125 prostate brachytherapy as monotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002;53(3):588-594. Blana A, et al. Eight years’ experience with high-intensity focused ultrasonography for treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Urol 2008;72(6):1329-1333. Lawton, C et al. Long-term Results of a Phase II Trial of Ultrasound-Guided Radioactive Implantation of the Prostate for Definitive Management of Localized Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate (RTOG 98-05.) Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(1):1-7. Zelefsky M, et al. High dose radiation delivered by intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy improves the outcome of localized prostate cancer. J Urol 2001;166:876-881. (81Gy) Khuntia D, et al. Recurrence free survival rates after external-beam radiotherapy for patients with clinical T1-T3 prostate carcinoma in prostate-specific antigen era. Cancer 2004;100(6):1283-1292. Blana A, et al. First Analysis of the Long-Term results with Transrectal HIFU in Patients with Localised prostate Cancer. Eurr Urology 2008;53:1194-1203. Henry A, et al. Outcomes following Iodine-125 monotherapy for localized prostate cancer: the results of Leeds 10-year single-center brachytherapy experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(1):50-56. Aizer A, et al. Radical prostatectomy vs. intensity-modulated radiation therapy in the management of localized prostate adenocarcinoma. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2009; 93:185-191. Gómez-Iturriaga Piña A, et al. Median 5 year Follow-up of I-125 Brachytherapy as Monotherapy in Men aged &lt;55 Years with Favorable Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2010;75(6):1416-17. & Gómez-Iturriaga Piña A, et al. Biochemical Disease-free rate toxicicty for Men treated with I-125 prostate Brachytherapy with D90&gt; 180GY. Int J Radia Oncol Bio Phys 2010;78(2):422-427. Prada P, et al. Prostate-specific antigen relapse-free survival and side effects in 734 patients with up to 10 years of follow-up with localized prostate cancer treated by permanent Iodine-125 implants. BJU Int 2010;106(1):32-36. Rene N, et al. Hypofractionated radiotherapy for favorable risk prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;77(3):805-810. Lawton C, et al. Results of a Phase II Trial of Transrectal Ultrasound-guided permanent radioactive implantation of the prostate for definitive management of localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate (radiation therapy oncology group 98-05). Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(1):39-47. Deger S, et al. High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy with conformal radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Eurr Urology 2005;47(4):441-448. Colberg J, et al. Surgery versus implant for early prostate cancer: results from a single institution, 1992-2005. Cancer J 2007;13(4):229-232. (RP) Colberg J, et al. Surgery versus implant for early prostate cancer: results from a single institution, 1992-2005. Cancer J 2007;13(4):229-232. (Seeds) D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma in the prostate specific antigen era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-285. (RP) D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma in the prostate specific antigen era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-285. (EBRT) Block T, et al. Transperineal permanent seed implantation of “low-risk” prostate cancer. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 2006;182:666-671. Battermann J, et al. Results of permanent prostate brachytherapy, 13 years of experience at a single institution. Radiotherapy & Oncology 2004;71:23-28. Livsey J, et al. Hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy in carcinoma of the prostate: five-year outcome analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(5):1254-1259. Lederman G.S, et al. Retrospective stratification of a consecutive cohort of prostate cancer patients treated with a combined regimen of external-beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 49(5):1297-1303. Kuban D, et al. Long-term results of the M.D. Anderson randomized dose-escalation trial for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;70(1):67-74. (78Gy) Berglund R, et al. Limited pelvic lymph node dissection at the time of radical prostatectomy does not affect 5-year failure rates for low, intermediate and high risk prostate cancer: results from CaPSURE. J Urology 2007;177:526-530. Khaksar S, et al. Interstitial low dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer- A focus on intermediate- and high-risk disease. Clinical Oncology 2006;18:513-518. Hull G, et al. Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1,000 consecutive patients. J Urology 2002;167:528-534. Sylvester J, et al. Ten-year biochemical relapse-free survival after external beam radiation and brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: The Seattle experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4)944-952. Giberti C, et al. Radial retropubic prostatectomy versus brachytherapy for low-risk prostatic cancer: a prospective study. World J Urol 2009;27:607-612. (RP) Giberti C, et al. Radial retropubic prostatectomy versus brachytherapy for low-risk prostatic cancer: a prospective study. World J Urol 2009;27:607-612. (Seeds) Kupelian P, et al. Hypofractionated intersity-modulated radiotherapy (70 GY at 2.5GY per fraction) for localized prostate cancer: Cleveland clinic experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;68(5):1424-1430. Kupelian P, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of local therapies for localized prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen era: A large scale single institution experience with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy. J Clinical Oncology 2002;20(16):3376-3385. (RP) Kupelian P, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of local therapies for localized prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen era: A large scale single institution experience with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy. J Clinical Oncology 2002;20(16):3376-3385. (EBRT) Peschel R, et al. Iodine 125 versus palladium 103 implants for prostate cancer: Clinical outcomes and complications. The Cancer Journal 2004;10(3):170-174. Crouzet S, et al. Multicentric Oncologic Outcomes of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Localized Prostate Cancer in 803 patients. Eurr Urol 2010;58:559-566. Misraї V, et al. Oncologic control provided by HIFU therapy as single treatment in men with localized prostate cancer. World J Urol 2008;26:481-485. Nobes JP, et al. Biochemical relapse-free survival in 400 patients treated with I-125 prostate brachytherapy: the Guildford experience. Prostate Cancer & Prostatic Disease 2009;12:61-66. (Seeds) Nobes JP, et al. Biochemical relapse-free survival in 400 patients treated with I-125 prostate brachytherapy: the Guildford experience. Prostate Cancer & Prostatic Disease 2009;12:61-66. (Seeds & ADT) Shapiro E, et al. Long-Term outcomes in younger men following permanent prostate brachytherapy. J Urol 2009;181:1665-1671. (&lt;60 yrs old) Shapiro E, et al. Long-Term outcomes in younger men following permanent prostate brachytherapy. J Urol 2009;181:1665-1671. (&gt;60 yrs old) 96. Crook, J et al. 10-Year Experience with I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy at the Princess Margaret Hospital: Results for 1,100 Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;80(5):1323-29. 97. Goldner, G et al. Comparison of seed brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy (70Gy or 74Gy) in 919 low-risk prostate cancer patients. Stathentherapie und Onkol 2012;4:305-10. (Brachy) 98. Goldner, G et al. Comparison of seed brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy (70Gy or 74Gy) in 919 low-risk prostate cancer patients. Stathentherapie und Onkol 2012;4:305-10. (EBRT) 99.Lubbe, W et al. Biochemical and clinical experience with real-time intraoperatively planned permanent prostate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2012;11(3):209-13.
- 1st Group References: Bahn, D et al. Targeted Cryo-Ablation of the Prostate:7 yr Outcomes in Primary Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Urology 2002;60(Supp 2A):3-11. Boorjian, S et al. Mayo Clinic Validation of the D&apos;Amico Risk Group Classification for Predicting Survival Following Radical Prostatectomy. J Urology 2008;179:1354-1361. 3Critz, F et al. 10-Year Disease Free Survival Rates after Simultaneous Irradiation for Prostate Cancer with a Focus on Calculation and Methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. 4Galalae, R et al. Long-term Outcome by Risk Factors Using Conformal high Dose Brachytherapy Boost with or without Neoadjuvant Androgen Suppression for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(4):1048-1055. 5Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (RP) 6Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (Seeds) 7Kupelian, P et al. Imporved biochemial Relapse-Free Survival With Increased External Radiation Doses in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: The Combined Experience of Nine Institutions in patients in 1994 and 1995. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(2):415-419. 8Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Analysis of Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(4):915-928. 9 Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (EBRT) 10Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (RP) 11Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (Seeds) 12Martin, A et al. Permanent Prostate Implant Using High activity Seeds and Inverse Planning with Fast simulated annealing Algorithm: 12 Year Canadian Experience Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(2):334-341. 13Merrick G, et al. Androgen Deprivation Therapy Dose not Impact Cause Specific Overall Survival after Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-677. 14Merrick G, et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urology 2005;66(5):1048-1053. 15Phan, T, et al. High Dose Rate Brachytherapy as a Boost for the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2002;177:123-127. 16Burri, R et al. Young Men Have Equivalent Biochmical Outcomes Compared with Older Men After Treatment with Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010; 77(5): 1315-1321. 17Potters, L et al. 12 year Outcomes Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy in Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer J Urol 2005;173:1562-1566. 18Rossi, C et al. Conformal Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Concepts & Clinical Results. Comm Oncol 2007;4:235-240. 19 Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (EBRT) 20Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (Low int) 21Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (Mid int) 22Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (High int) 23Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008; 72(2): 433-440. (Seeds) 24Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008; 72(2): 433-440. (Seeds & EBRT) 25Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor Control and Distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int J Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-1033. 26Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (EBRT & Seeds) 27. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500. 28Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome of High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-1419. 29Zelefsky, M et al. Multi Institutional Analysis of Long term Outcome for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanent Seed Implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):327-333 30. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. 31. Lawton, C et al. Long-term results of an RTOG phase II trial (00-19) of external-beam radiation therapy combined with permanent source brachytherapy for intermediate-risk clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2012;82(5):e795-e801. 32 Dattoli, M et al. Long-term Outcomes after Treatment with Brachytherapy and Supplemental Conformal Radiation for Prostate Cancer Patients having Intermediate and High-risk Features. Cancer 2007;110(3):551-555. Moyad, M et al. Statins, Especially Atorvastatin, May Favorably Influence Clinical Presentation and Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Brachytherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. Ho, A et al. Radiation Dose Predicts for Biochemical Control in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(1):16-22. (Seeds & EBRT) Ho, A et al. Radiation Dose Predicts for Biochemical Control in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(1):16-22. (Seeds & ADT) 36. Galalae, R et al. Hypofractionated Conformal HDR Brachytherapy in Hormone Naïve Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: Is Escalation to Very High Biologically Equivalent Dose Beneficial in All Prognostic Risk Groups? Strahlenther Onkol 2006;182(3):135-141. 37. Taira, A et al. Natural History of Clinically Staged Low and Intermediate risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Monotherapeutic Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):349-354. Update Paper: Taira, A et al. Long-Term Outcomes for Clinically Licalized Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanene Interstitial Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys, 2011;79(5):1336-42. 38. Demanes, J et al. Excellent Results from HDR Brachytherapy and EBRT for PCA are not Improved by Androgen deprivation Amer J Clin Oncology 2009;32(4):342-347. 39. Stone, N et al. Local Control Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: Effect of High Biologically Effective Dose on Biopsy Results and Oncologic Outcomes Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. Dattoli, M et al. Long Term Outcomes for Patients with Prostate Cancer Having Intermediate and High Risk Disease, Treated with Combination External Radiation and Brachytherapy J Oncology 2010; 2010(Art. Id 471375): 6 pages. Menon, M et al. Biochemical Recurrence Following Robot Assisted RP: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5 year Follow-up. Eur Urol 2010; 58:838-846. (Robot) Munro, N et al. ( Leeds) Outcomes for Gleason Score 7, intermediate risk Localized Prostate Cancer Treated with I-125 monotherapy over 10 years. Radiother Oncol 2010;96(1):34-37. Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (RP) Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Proatate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (Seeds) Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (EBRT) Hinnen, K et al. (Netherlands) Long Term Biochemical and Survival Outcome of 921 Patients treated with I-125 Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. 47. (Open) 48. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 49. Herbert, C et al. Outcomes following inodine-125 brachytherapy in patients with gleason 7, intermediate risk prostate cancer: A population-based cohort study. Radiother Oncol 2012;103(2):228-32. 150. Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. 151.Cury, F et al. Single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy and hypofractionated external beam radiation therapy in the treatment-risk prostate cancer- long term results. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 2012;82(4):1417-23.
- 1st Group References: Bahn, D et al. Targeted Cryo-Ablation of the Prostate:7 yr Outcomes in Primary Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Urology 2002;60(Supp 2A):3-11. Boorjian, S et al. Mayo Clinic Validation of the D&apos;Amico Risk Group Classification for Predicting Survival Following Radical Prostatectomy. J Urology 2008;179:1354-1361. 3Critz, F et al. 10-Year Disease Free Survival Rates after Simultaneous Irradiation for Prostate Cancer with a Focus on Calculation and Methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. 4Galalae, R et al. Long-term Outcome by Risk Factors Using Conformal high Dose Brachytherapy Boost with or without Neoadjuvant Androgen Suppression for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(4):1048-1055. 5Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (RP) 6Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (Seeds) 7Kupelian, P et al. Imporved biochemial Relapse-Free Survival With Increased External Radiation Doses in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: The Combined Experience of Nine Institutions in patients in 1994 and 1995. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(2):415-419. 8Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Analysis of Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(4):915-928. 9 Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (EBRT) 10Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (RP) 11Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (Seeds) 12Martin, A et al. Permanent Prostate Implant Using High activity Seeds and Inverse Planning with Fast simulated annealing Algorithm: 12 Year Canadian Experience Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(2):334-341. 13Merrick G, et al. Androgen Deprivation Therapy Dose not Impact Cause Specific Overall Survival after Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-677. 14Merrick G, et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urology 2005;66(5):1048-1053. 15Phan, T, et al. High Dose Rate Brachytherapy as a Boost for the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2002;177:123-127. 16Burri, R et al. Young Men Have Equivalent Biochmical Outcomes Compared with Older Men After Treatment with Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010; 77(5): 1315-1321. 17Potters, L et al. 12 year Outcomes Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy in Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer J Urol 2005;173:1562-1566. 18Rossi, C et al. Conformal Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Concepts & Clinical Results. Comm Oncol 2007;4:235-240. 19 Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (EBRT) 20Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (Low int) 21Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (Mid int) 22Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (High int) 23Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008; 72(2): 433-440. (Seeds) 24Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008; 72(2): 433-440. (Seeds & EBRT) 25Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor Control and Distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int J Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-1033. 26Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (EBRT & Seeds) 27. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500. 28Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome of High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-1419. 29Zelefsky, M et al. Multi Institutional Analysis of Long term Outcome for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanent Seed Implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):327-333 30. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360.) 31. Lawton, C et al. Long-term results of an RTOG phase II trial (00-19) of external-beam radiation therapy combined with permanent source brachytherapy for intermediate-risk clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2012;82(5):e795-e801. 32 Dattoli, M et al. Long-term Outcomes after Treatment with Brachytherapy and Supplemental Conformal Radiation for Prostate Cancer Patients having Intermediate and High-risk Features. Cancer 2007;110(3):551-555. Moyad, M et al. Statins, Especially Atorvastatin, May Favorably Influence Clinical Presentation and Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Brachytherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. Ho, A et al. Radiation Dose Predicts for Biochemical Control in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(1):16-22. (Seeds & EBRT) Ho, A et al. Radiation Dose Predicts for Biochemical Control in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(1):16-22. (Seeds & ADT) 36. Galalae, R et al. Hypofractionated Conformal HDR Brachytherapy in Hormone Naïve Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: Is Escalation to Very High Biologically Equivalent Dose Beneficial in All Prognostic Risk Groups? Strahlenther Onkol 2006;182(3):135-141. 37. Taira, A et al. Natural History of Clinically Staged Low and Intermediate risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Monotherapeutic Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):349-354. Update Paper: Taira, A et al. Long-Term Outcomes for Clinically Licalized Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanene Interstitial Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys, 2011;79(5):1336-42. 38. Demanes, J et al. Excellent Results from HDR Brachytherapy and EBRT for PCA are not Improved by Androgen deprivation Amer J Clin Oncology 2009;32(4):342-347. 39. Stone, N et al. Local Control Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: Effect of High Biologically Effective Dose on Biopsy Results and Oncologic Outcomes Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. Dattoli, M et al. Long Term Outcomes for Patients with Prostate Cancer Having Intermediate and High Risk Disease, Treated with Combination External Radiation and Brachytherapy J Oncology 2010; 2010(Art. Id 471375): 6 pages. Menon, M et al. Biochemical Recurrence Following Robot Assisted RP: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5 year Follow-up. Eur Urol 2010; 58:838-846. (Robot) Munro, N et al. ( Leeds) Outcomes for Gleason Score 7, intermediate risk Localized Prostate Cancer Treated with I-125 monotherapy over 10 years. Radiother Oncol 2010;96(1):34-37. Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (RP) Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Proatate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (Seeds) Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (EBRT) Hinnen, K et al. (Netherlands) Long Term Biochemical and Survival Outcome of 921 Patients treated with I-125 Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Rad Onc Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. 47. (Open) 48. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 49. Herbert, C et al. Outcomes following inodine-125 brachytherapy in patients with gleason 7, intermediate risk prostate cancer: A population-based cohort study. Radiother Oncol 2012;103(2):228-32. 150. Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. 151. Cury, F et al. Single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy and hypofractionated external beam radiation therapy in the treatment-risk prostate cancer- long term results. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 2012;82(4):1417-23.
- 1st Group References: Bahn, D et al. Targeted Cryo-Ablation of the Prostate:7 yr Outcomes in Primary Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Urology 2002;60(Supp 2A):3-11. Boorjian, S et al. Mayo Clinic Validation of the D&apos;Amico Risk Group Classification for Predicting Survival Following Radical Prostatectomy. J Urology 2008;179:1354-1361. 3Critz, F et al. 10-Year Disease Free Survival Rates after Simultaneous Irradiation for Prostate Cancer with a Focus on Calculation and Methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. 4Galalae, R et al. Long-term Outcome by Risk Factors Using Conformal high Dose Brachytherapy Boost with or without Neoadjuvant Androgen Suppression for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(4):1048-1055. 5Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (RP) 6Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (Seeds) 7Kupelian, P et al. Imporved biochemial Relapse-Free Survival With Increased External Radiation Doses in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: The Combined Experience of Nine Institutions in patients in 1994 and 1995. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(2):415-419. 8Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Analysis of Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(4):915-928. 9 Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (EBRT) 10Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (RP) 11Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (Seeds) 12Martin, A et al. Permanent Prostate Implant Using High activity Seeds and Inverse Planning with Fast simulated annealing Algorithm: 12 Year Canadian Experience Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(2):334-341. 13Merrick G, et al. Androgen Deprivation Therapy Dose not Impact Cause Specific Overall Survival after Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-677. 14Merrick G, et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urology 2005;66(5):1048-1053. 15Phan, T, et al. High Dose Rate Brachytherapy as a Boost for the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2002;177:123-127. 16Burri, R et al. Young Men Have Equivalent Biochmical Outcomes Compared with Older Men After Treatment with Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010; 77(5): 1315-1321. 17Potters, L et al. 12 year Outcomes Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy in Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer J Urol 2005;173:1562-1566. 18Rossi, C et al. Conformal Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Concepts & Clinical Results. Comm Oncol 2007;4:235-240. 19 Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (EBRT) 20Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (Low int) 21Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (Mid int) 22Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (High int) 23Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008; 72(2): 433-440. (Seeds) 24Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008; 72(2): 433-440. (Seeds & EBRT) 25Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor Control and Distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int J Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-1033. 26Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (EBRT & Seeds) 27Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500.) 28Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome of High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-1419. 29Zelefsky, M et al. Multi Institutional Analysis of Long term Outcome for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanent Seed Implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):327-333 30Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360.) 31. Lawton, C et al. Long-term results of an RTOG phase II trial (00-19) of external-beam radiation therapy combined with permanent source brachytherapy for intermediate-risk clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2012;82(5):e795-e801. 32 Dattoli, M et al. Long-term Outcomes after Treatment with Brachytherapy and Supplemental Conformal Radiation for Prostate Cancer Patients having Intermediate and High-risk Features. Cancer 2007;110(3):551-555. Moyad, M et al. Statins, Especially Atorvastatin, May Favorably Influence Clinical Presentation and Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Brachytherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. Ho, A et al. Radiation Dose Predicts for Biochemical Control in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(1):16-22. (Seeds & EBRT) Ho, A et al. Radiation Dose Predicts for Biochemical Control in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(1):16-22. (Seeds & ADT) 36. Galalae, R et al. Hypofractionated Conformal HDR Brachytherapy in Hormone Naïve Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: Is Escalation to Very High Biologically Equivalent Dose Beneficial in All Prognostic Risk Groups? Strahlenther Onkol 2006;182(3):135-141. 37. Taira, A et al. Natural History of Clinically Staged Low and Intermediate risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Monotherapeutic Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):349-354. Update Paper: Taira, A et al. Long-Term Outcomes for Clinically Licalized Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanene Interstitial Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys, 2011;79(5):1336-42. 38. Demanes, J et al. Excellent Results from HDR Brachytherapy and EBRT for PCA are not Improved by Androgen deprivation Amer J Clin Oncology 2009;32(4):342-347. 39. Stone, N et al. Local Control Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: Effect of High Biologically Effective Dose on Biopsy Results and Oncologic Outcomes Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. Dattoli, M et al. Long Term Outcomes for Patients with Prostate Cancer Having Intermediate and High Risk Disease, Treated with Combination External Radiation and Brachytherapy J Oncology 2010; 2010(Art. Id 471375): 6 pages. Menon, M et al. Biochemical Recurrence Following Robot Assisted RP: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5 year Follow-up. Eur Urol 2010; 58:838-846. (Robot) Munro, N et al. ( Leeds) Outcomes for Gleason Score 7, intermediate risk Localized Prostate Cancer Treated with I-125 monotherapy over 10 years. Radiother Oncol 2010;96(1):34-37. Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (RP) Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Proatate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (Seeds) Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (EBRT) Hinnen, K et al. (Netherlands) Long Term Biochemical and Survival Outcome of 921 Patients treated with I-125 Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. 47. (Open) 48. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 49. Herbert, C et al. 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Radiotherapy and Oncology 2009;93:185-191. 83.Prada P, et al. Prostate-Specific Antigen Relapse-Free Survival and Side-Effects in 734 Patients with up to 10 years of Follow-up with Localized Prostate Cancer Treated by permanent 125-Iodine Implants. BJU Int 2010;106(1):32-36. 84.Vassil A, et al. Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiation Therapy, or Permanent Seed Implantation. Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257. (Robot) 85.Deger S, et al. High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy with Conformal Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Eurr Urol 2005;47:441-448. 86.D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical Outcome after Radical Prostatectomy or External Beam Radiation Therapy for Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Carcinoma in the Prostate Specific Antigen Era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-285. (low vol- RP) 87.D’Amico A, et al. 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Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (Seeds) 7Kupelian, P et al. Imporved biochemial Relapse-Free Survival With Increased External Radiation Doses in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: The Combined Experience of Nine Institutions in patients in 1994 and 1995. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(2):415-419. 8Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Analysis of Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(4):915-928. 9 Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (EBRT) 10Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (RP) 11Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (Seeds) 12Martin, A et al. Permanent Prostate Implant Using High activity Seeds and Inverse Planning with Fast simulated annealing Algorithm: 12 Year Canadian Experience Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(2):334-341. 13Merrick G, et al. Androgen Deprivation Therapy Dose not Impact Cause Specific Overall Survival after Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-677. 14Merrick G, et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urology 2005;66(5):1048-1053. 15Phan, T, et al. High Dose Rate Brachytherapy as a Boost for the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2002;177:123-127. 16Burri, R et al. Young Men Have Equivalent Biochmical Outcomes Compared with Older Men After Treatment with Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010; 77(5): 1315-1321. 17Potters, L et al. 12 year Outcomes Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy in Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer J Urol 2005;173:1562-1566. 18Rossi, C et al. Conformal Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Concepts & Clinical Results. Comm Oncol 2007;4:235-240. 19 Klein E, et al. Outcomes for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Are There Advantage For Surgery, External Beam, or Brachytherapy. Urologic Oncology 2009;27(1):67-71. (EBRT) 20Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (Low int) 21Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (Mid int) 22Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981 (High int) 23Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008; 72(2): 433-440. (Seeds) 24Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008; 72(2): 433-440. (Seeds & EBRT) 25Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor Control and Distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int J Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-1033. 26Kupelian, P et al. Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiotherapy &lt;72 Gy, External Beam Radiotherapy ≥72 Gy, Permanent Seed Implantation, or Combined Seeds/External Beam Radiotherapy for Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(1):25-33. (EBRT & Seeds) 27Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500. 28Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome of High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-1419. 29Zelefsky, M et al. Multi Institutional Analysis of Long term Outcome for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanent Seed Implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67(2):327-333 30Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. 31. Lawton, C et al. Long-term results of an RTOG phase II trial (00-19) of external-beam radiation therapy combined with permanent source brachytherapy for intermediate-risk clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2012;82(5):e795-e801. 32 Dattoli, M et al. Long-term Outcomes after Treatment with Brachytherapy and Supplemental Conformal Radiation for Prostate Cancer Patients having Intermediate and High-risk Features. Cancer 2007;110(3):551-555. Moyad, M et al. Statins, Especially Atorvastatin, May Favorably Influence Clinical Presentation and Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Brachytherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. Ho, A et al. Radiation Dose Predicts for Biochemical Control in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(1):16-22. (Seeds & EBRT) Ho, A et al. Radiation Dose Predicts for Biochemical Control in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(1):16-22. (Seeds & ADT) 36. Galalae, R et al. Hypofractionated Conformal HDR Brachytherapy in Hormone Naïve Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: Is Escalation to Very High Biologically Equivalent Dose Beneficial in All Prognostic Risk Groups? Strahlenther Onkol 2006;182(3):135-141. 37. Taira, A et al. Natural History of Clinically Staged Low and Intermediate risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Monotherapeutic Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):349-354. Update Paper: Taira, A et al. Long-Term Outcomes for Clinically Licalized Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanene Interstitial Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys, 2011;79(5):1336-42. 38. Demanes, J et al. Excellent Results from HDR Brachytherapy and EBRT for PCA are not Improved by Androgen deprivation Amer J Clin Oncology 2009;32(4):342-347. 39. Stone, N et al. Local Control Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: Effect of High Biologically Effective Dose on Biopsy Results and Oncologic Outcomes Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. Dattoli, M et al. Long Term Outcomes for Patients with Prostate Cancer Having Intermediate and High Risk Disease, Treated with Combination External Radiation and Brachytherapy J Oncology 2010; 2010(Art. Id 471375): 6 pages. Menon, M et al. Biochemical Recurrence Following Robot Assisted RP: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5 year Follow-up. Eur Urol 2010; 58:838-846. (Robot) Munro, N et al. ( Leeds) Outcomes for Gleason Score 7, intermediate risk Localized Prostate Cancer Treated with I-125 monotherapy over 10 years. Radiother Oncol 2010;96(1):34-37. Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (RP) Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Proatate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (Seeds) Vassil, A et al. ( Cleveland Clinic) Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after RP, EBRT, or Permanent Seed Implantation Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257 (EBRT) Hinnen, K et al. (Netherlands) Long Term Biochemical and Survival Outcome of 921 Patients treated with I-125 Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. 47. (Open) 48. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 49. Herbert, C et al. Outcomes following inodine-125 brachytherapy in patients with gleason 7, intermediate risk prostate cancer: A population-based cohort study. Radiother Oncol 2012;103(2):228-32. 150. Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. 151 Cury, F et al. Single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy and hypofractionated external beam radiation therapy in the treatment-risk prostate cancer- long term results. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 2012;82(4):1417-23. 2nd Group References: 50.Hernandez D, et al. Contemporary Evaluation of the D&apos;Amico Risk Classification of Prostate Cancer. Urology 2007;70(5):931-935. 51.Koontz B, et al. Morbidity and prostate-specific antigen control of external beam radiation therapy plus low-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for low, intermediate, and high-risk prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2009;8:191-196. 52.Stokes S, et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000:47(1):129-136. (RP) 53.Stokes S, et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000:47(1):129-136. (Seeds) 54.Merrick G, et al. Brachytherapy in Men aged &lt;54 years with clinically localized prostate cancer. BJU Int 2006;98:324-328. 55.Merrick G, et al. Impact of Supplemental External beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Oncol Bio Phys, 2005;61(1):32-43. (seeds) 56.Merrick G, et al. Impact of Supplemental External Beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Oncol Bio Phys, 2005;61(1):32-43. (seeds & EBRT) 57.Nobes J, et al. Biochemical Relapse-Free Survival in 400 Patients Treated with I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy: the Guildford Experience. Prostate cancer & Prostatic Disease 2009;12:61-66. 58.Demanes D, et al. High-Dose-Rate Intensity-Modulated Brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: California Endocurietherapy’s 10-Year results. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(5):1306-1316. 59.Yamada Y, et al. Favorable clinical outcomes of three-dimensional computer-optimized high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy in the management of localized prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2006;5:157-164. 60.Rossi C, et al. Conformal proton beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: concepts and clinical results. Comm Oncol 2007;4(4):235-240. 61.(Open) 62.Yassa M, et al. Combined hypofractionated radiation and hormone therapy for the treatment of intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(1):58-63. 63.Cahlon O, et al . Ultra-high dose (86.4Gy) IMRT for localized prostate cancer: toxicity and biochemical outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(2):330-337. 64.Sylvester J, et al. 15-Year Biochemical Relapse Free Survival in Clinical Stage T1-T3 Prostate Cancer Following Combined External Beam Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy; Seattle Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(1):57-64. 65.Cohen J, et al. Ten-Year Biochemical Disease Control for patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Cyrosurgery as Primary Therapy. J Urol 2008;71(3):515-518. 66.Bachand F, et al. An Eight-Year Experience of HDR Brachytherapy Boost for Localized Prostate cancer: Biopsy and PSA outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2009;73(3):679-684. 67.Beyer D, et al. Relative influence of Gleason score and pretreatment PSA in predicting survival following brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2003;2:77-84. 68.Ellis R, et al. Biochemical Disease-free Survival rates following Definitive Low-Dose-Rate Prostate Brachytherapy with Dose Escalation to Biologic Target Volumes identified with SPECT/CT capromab pendetide. Brachytherapy 2007;6:16-25. 69.Kuban D, et al. Long term results of the MD Anderson randomized dose escalation trial for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;70(1):67-74. 70.Blana A, et al. Eight Years’ Experience with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasonography for Treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Urol 2008;72(6):1329-1333. 71.Grimm P, et al. 10-Year Biochemical (Prostate-specific antigen) control of prostate cancer with I-125 Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2001;51(1):31-40. 72.Shapiro E, et al. Long-Term Outcomes in Younger Men Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. 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Radiotherapy and Oncology 2009;93:185-191. 83.Prada P, et al. Prostate-Specific Antigen Relapse-Free Survival and Side-Effects in 734 Patients with up to 10 years of Follow-up with Localized Prostate Cancer Treated by permanent 125-Iodine Implants. BJU Int 2010;106(1):32-36. 84.Vassil A, et al. Five Year Biochemical recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiation Therapy, or Permanent Seed Implantation. Urology 2010;76(5):1251-1257. (Robot) 85.Deger S, et al. High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy with Conformal Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Eurr Urol 2005;47:441-448. 86.D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical Outcome after Radical Prostatectomy or External Beam Radiation Therapy for Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Carcinoma in the Prostate Specific Antigen Era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-285. (low vol- RP) 87.D’Amico A, et al. 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Long Term Outcome following Radical Prostatectomy in Men with Clinical T3 Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:564-568. 7. Cohen, J et al. Ten-Year Biochemical Disease Control in Patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Cryosurgery as Primary Therapy. Urology 2008;71(3):515-518. 8. Critz, Fet al. 10-year Disease Survival Rates After Simultaneous Irradiation for Prostate Cancer with a Focus on Calculation Methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. 9. Galalae, R et al. Long-term Outcome by Risk Factors Using Conformal High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (HDR-BT) Boost with or without Neoadjuvant Androgen Suppression for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(4):1048-1055. 10. Kollmeier, M et al. Biochemical Outcomes After Prostate Brachytherapy with 5-year Minimal follow-up: Importance of patient Selection and implant Quality. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(3):645-653. 11. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Analysis of Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4):915-928.(PSA:4-10,GS:2-6,&gt;70 Gy) 12. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Results of the MD Anderson Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;70(1):67-74. 13. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. 14. Stenmark, M et al. Continued Benefit to Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Across Multiple Definitions of High-Risk Disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):3335-44. 15. Loeb, S et al. Intermediate-term potency, continence & survival outcomes of radical prostatectomy for clinically high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer. Urology 2007;69(6):1170-1175. 16. Merrick, G et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-77. (EBRT, Seeds, ADT) 17. Merrick, G et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int j Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-77. (EBRT & Seeds) 18. Merrick, G et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Prostate Brachytherapy. Urology 2005;66(5):1048-1053. 19. Merrick, G et al. Impact of Supplemental External Beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(1):32-43. (EBRT & Seeds) 20. Merrick, G et al. Impact of Supplemental External Beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(1):32-43. (EBRT, Seeds, ADT) 21. Mian, B et al. Outcome of Patients w/ Gleason score 8 or Higher Prostate Cancer following Radical Prostatectomy alone. J Urology 2002;167:1675-1680. 22. Pellizzon, A et al. The Relationship Between the Biochemical Control Outcomes and the Quality of Planning of HDR as a Boost to External Beam Radiotherapy for locally and locally advanced Prostate Cancer using the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix definition. Int J Med Sci 2008;5:113-120. 23. Stokes, S et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000;47(1):129-136. (EBRT) 24. Potters, L et al. 12-Year Outcomes Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy in Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2005;173:1562-1566. 25. Stokes, S et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000;47(1):129-136. (RP) 26. Sylvester, J et al. Ten Year Biochemical Relapse Free Survival After External Beam Radiation and Brachytherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: The Seattle Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(4):944-952. Lau, W et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Pathological Gleason 8 or Greater Prostate Cancer: Influence of Concomitant Pathological Variables. J Urol 2002;167:117-22. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. 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Long Term Outcome following Radical Prostatectomy in Men with Clinical T3 Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:564-568. 7. Cohen, J et al. Ten-Year Biochemical Disease Control in Patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Cryosurgery as Primary Therapy. Urology 2008;71(3):515-518. 8. Critz, Fet al. 10-year Disease Survival Rates After Simultaneous Irradiation for Prostate Cancer with a Focus on Calculation Methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. 9. Galalae, R et al. Long-term Outcome by Risk Factors Using Conformal High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (HDR-BT) Boost with or without Neoadjuvant Androgen Suppression for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(4):1048-1055. 10. Kollmeier, M et al. Biochemical Outcomes After Prostate Brachytherapy with 5-year Minimal follow-up: Importance of patient Selection and implant Quality. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(3):645-653. 11. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Analysis of Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4):915-928.(PSA:4-10,GS:2-6,&gt;70 Gy) 12. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Results of the MD Anderson Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;70(1):67-74. 13. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. 14. Stenmark, M et al. Continued Benefit to Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Across Multiple Definitions of High-Risk Disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):3335-44. 15. Loeb, S et al. Intermediate-term potency, continence & survival outcomes of radical prostatectomy for clinically high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer. Urology 2007;69(6):1170-1175. 16. Merrick, G et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-77. (EBRT, Seeds, ADT) 17. Merrick, G et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int j Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-77. (EBRT & Seeds) 18. Merrick, G et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Prostate Brachytherapy. Urology 2005;66(5):1048-1053. 19. Merrick, G et al. Impact of Supplemental External Beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(1):32-43. (EBRT & Seeds) 20. Merrick, G et al. Impact of Supplemental External Beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(1):32-43. (EBRT, Seeds, ADT) 21. Mian, B et al. Outcome of Patients w/ Gleason score 8 or Higher Prostate Cancer following Radical Prostatectomy alone. J Urology 2002;167:1675-1680. 22. Pellizzon, A et al. The Relationship Between the Biochemical Control Outcomes and the Quality of Planning of HDR as a Boost to External Beam Radiotherapy for locally and locally advanced Prostate Cancer using the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix definition. Int J Med Sci 2008;5:113-120. 23. Stokes, S et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000;47(1):129-136. (EBRT) 24. Potters, L et al. 12-Year Outcomes Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy in Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2005;173:1562-1566. 25. Stokes, S et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000;47(1):129-136. (RP) 26. Sylvester, J et al. Ten Year Biochemical Relapse Free Survival After External Beam Radiation and Brachytherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: The Seattle Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(4):944-952. 27. Lau, W et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Pathological Gleason 8 or Greater Prostate Cancer: Influence of Concomitant Pathological Variables. J Urol 2002;167:117-22. 28. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500.) 29. Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981. 30. Ward, J et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Advanced (cT3) Prostate Cancer since the advent of PSA testing: 15 year outcome. BJU Int 2005;95:751-6. 31. Zelefsky, M et al. Multi-Institutional Analysis of Long-Term Outcome for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanent Seed Implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(2):327-333. 32. Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome of High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-19. (81 Gy) 33. Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor control and distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int j Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-33. (81 Gy) 34. Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor Control and distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int j Radiat Oncol bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-33. (86 Gy) 35. Zelefsky, M et al. High Dose Radiation Delivered by Intensity Modulated Conformal Radiotherapy Improves the Outcome of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2001;166:876-881. (75 Gy) 36. Zelefsky, M et al. High Dose Radiation Delivered by Intensity Modulated Conformal Radiotherapy Improves the Outcome of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2001;166:876-881. (81 Gy) 37. Dattoli, M et al. Long-term Outcomes After Treatment with Brachytherapy and Supplemental Conformal Radiation for Prostate Cancer Patients Having Intermediate and High-Risk Features. Cancer 2007;110(3):551-555. 38. Moyad, M et al. Statins, especially Atorvastatin, may Favorable Influence Clinical Presentation and Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Brachytherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. 39. Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome Following Three dimensional Conformal/IMRT for Clinical Stage T3 Prostate Cancer. Eurr Urol 2008;53:1172-79. 40. (Yoshioka, Y et al. Monotherapeutic High-dose-rate Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer: Five-year Results of an Extreme Hypofractionation Regimen with 54Gy in Nine Fractions. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;80(2):469-75. ) 41. Galalae R et al. Hypofractionated Conformal HDR Brachytherapy in Hormone Naïve Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 2006;182(3):135-141. 42. Demanes, DJ et al. Excellent Results from High Dose Rate Brachytherapy and External Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer are Not Imroved by Androgen Deprivation. Amer J Clin Oncol 2009;32(4):342-347. 43. Stock, R et al. Outcomes for patients with High-Grade Prostate Cancer Treated with a Combination of Brachytherapy, EBRT and Hormone therapy. BJU Int 2009;104:1631-1636. 44. Stone, N et al. Local Control following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: Effect of High Biologically Effective Dose on Biopsy Results and Oncologic Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. 45. Bittner, N et al. Whole Pelvis Radiotherapy in Combination with Interstitial Brachytherapy: Does Coverage of the Pelvic Lymph Nodes Improve Treatment Outcome in High Risk Prostate Cancer? Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(4):1078-1084. 46. Rubio-Briones, J et al. Metastatic Progression, Cancer Specific Mortality and Need for Secondary Treatments in Patients with Clinically High Risk Prostate Cancer Treated Initially with Radical Prostatectomy. Actas Urologicas Esanolas 2010;34(7):610-617. 47. Dattoli, M et al. Long Term Outcomes for Patients with Prostate Cancer Having Intermediate and High Risk Disease, Treated with Combination External Beam Irradiation and Brachytherapy. J Oncology 2010;2010(Article Id 471375):6 pages. 48. Menon, M et al. Biochemical Recurrence Following Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5 year follow-up. Eurr Urol 2010;58:838-46. 49. Pierorazio, P et al. Long Term Survival after Radical Prostatectomy for Men with High Gleason Sum in Pathologic Specimen. Urology 2010;76(3):715-21. 101. Deger, S et al. (Germany) High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy with Conformal Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Eurr Urology 2005;47:441-448. 102. Magheli A et al. (Johns Hopkins) Importance of Tumor Location in Patients with High Preoperative PSA Levels ( greater than 20 ng/ml treated with Radical Prostatectomy. J Urology 2007;178:1311-15. 103. Kupelian P, et al. Improved Biochemical Relapse-Free Survival With Increased Radiation Doses in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: The Combined Experience of Nine Institutions in 1994 and 1995. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(2):415-419. 104. Sylvester, J et al. 15-Year Biochemical Relapse Free Survival in Clinical Stage T1-T3 Prostate Cancer Following Combined External Beam Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy: Seattle Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(1):57-64. 105. Hinnen, K et al. (Netherlands) Long Term Biochemical and Survival Outcome of 921 Patients Treated with I-125 Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. 106. Hsu, C et al. Comparing Results After Surgery in Patients with Clinical Unilateral T3a Prostate Cnacer Treated with or without neoadjuvent Androgen-Deprivation Therapy. BJU Int 2006;99:311-314. 107. Roehl, K et al. Cancer Progression and Survival Rates Following Anatomical Radical Prostatectomy in 3,478 Consecutive Patients: Long Term Results. J Urology 2004;172:910-914. 108. Merrick, G et al. Prostate Cancer Death is Unlikely in High Risk Patients Following Quality Permanent Seed Implantation. BJU Int 2010;107:226-233. (No ADT) 109. Merrick, G et al. Prostate Cancer Death is Unlikely in High Risk Patients Following Quality Permanent Seed Implantation. BJU Int 2010;107:226-233. (Plus ADT) Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Failure Patterns and Survival in a Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer. Who Dies of Disease? Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;79(5):1310-17. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) Prada, P et al. Biochemical outcome after high-dose-rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy: 12 years of experience. BJU Int 2012;109(12):1787-93. (1 high risk criteria & 2&gt; high risk criteria) (Study Update: Prada, P et al. Long-term biochemical results after high-dose-rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy for high risk prostate cancer. Radiation Oncol 2012;7,31-39.) Thomson, D et al. Dose-escalated hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy in high-risk carcinoma of the prostate: outcome and toxicity. 2012; epub June 20. Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. Yamamoto, S et al. Long-term oncological outcome and risk stratification in men with high-risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012;42(6):541-47. Berglund, R et al. Ten-year follow-up of neoadjuvant therapy with Goserelin Acetate and Flutamide before radical prostatectomy for clinical T3 and T4 prostate cancer: update on Southwest Oncology Group Study 9109. Urol 2012;79(3):633-37. 117. Freedland, S et al. Radical Prostatectomy for clinical stage T3a disease. Cancer 2007;109(7):1273-78. 118. Dearnaley, D et al. Escalated-dose versus standard-dose conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer: first results from the MRC RT01 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;8:475-87. 119. Spahn, M et al. Outcome predictors of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate-specific antigen greater than 20 ng/ml: a European mulit-institutional study of 712 patients. Eur Urol 2010;58,1-7. 120. (Open) 121. Tendulkar, R et al. Redefining high-risk prostate cancer based on distant metastases and mortality after high-dose radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2012;82(4):1397-1404.
- 1st Group References: 1. Bahn, D et al. Targeted Cryoablation of the Prostate:7-year Outcomes in the Primary Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Urology 2002;60(Supp 2A):3-11. 2. Burri, R et al. Young Men have Equivalent Biochemical Outcomes Compared with Older Men After Treatment with Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;77(5):1315-21. 3. Ploussard, G et al. Radical Prostatectomy of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Defined by Preoperative criteria: Oncologic Follow-up in National Multicenter Study in 813 Patients and Assessment of Easy-to-use Prognostic Substratification. Urol 2011;78(3):607-13 4. Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;72(2):433-440. 5. Boorjian, S et al. Mayo Clinic Validation of the D&apos;Amico Risk Group Classification for Predicting Survival Following Radical Prostatectomy. J Urology 2008;179:1354-1361. 6. Carver, B et al. Long Term Outcome following Radical Prostatectomy in Men with Clinical T3 Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:564-568. 7. Cohen, J et al. Ten-Year Biochemical Disease Control in Patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Cryosurgery as Primary Therapy. Urology 2008;71(3):515-518. 8. Critz, Fet al. 10-year Disease Survival Rates After Simultaneous Irradiation for Prostate Cancer with a Focus on Calculation Methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. 9. Galalae, R et al. Long-term Outcome by Risk Factors Using Conformal High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (HDR-BT) Boost with or without Neoadjuvant Androgen Suppression for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(4):1048-1055. 10. Kollmeier, M et al. Biochemical Outcomes After Prostate Brachytherapy with 5-year Minimal follow-up: Importance of patient Selection and implant Quality. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(3):645-653. 11. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Analysis of Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4):915-928.(PSA:4-10,GS:2-6,&gt;70 Gy) 12. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Results of the MD Anderson Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;70(1):67-74. 13. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. 14. Stenmark, M et al. Continued Benefit to Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Across Multiple Definitions of High-Risk Disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):3335-44. 15. Loeb, S et al. Intermediate-term potency, continence & survival outcomes of radical prostatectomy for clinically high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer. Urology 2007;69(6):1170-1175. 16. Merrick, G et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-77. (EBRT, Seeds, ADT) 17. Merrick, G et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int j Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-77. (EBRT & Seeds) 18. Merrick, G et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Prostate Brachytherapy. Urology 2005;66(5):1048-1053. 19. Merrick, G et al. Impact of Supplemental External Beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(1):32-43. (EBRT & Seeds) 20. Merrick, G et al. Impact of Supplemental External Beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(1):32-43. (EBRT, Seeds, ADT) 21. Mian, B et al. Outcome of Patients w/ Gleason score 8 or Higher Prostate Cancer following Radical Prostatectomy alone. J Urology 2002;167:1675-1680. 22. Pellizzon, A et al. The Relationship Between the Biochemical Control Outcomes and the Quality of Planning of HDR as a Boost to External Beam Radiotherapy for locally and locally advanced Prostate Cancer using the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix definition. Int J Med Sci 2008;5:113-120. 23. Dearnely, D et al Escalated dose vs standard dose confromal radiotherapy in prostate cancer First results from the MRC RT101 randomised trial Lancet Oncolo 2007;8:475-87 24. Potters, L et al. 12-Year Outcomes Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy in Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2005;173:1562-1566. 25. Stokes, S et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000;47(1):129-136. (RP) 26. Sylvester, J et al. Ten Year Biochemical Relapse Free Survival After External Beam Radiation and Brachytherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: The Seattle Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(4):944-952. 27. Lau, W et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Pathological Gleason 8 or Greater Prostate Cancer: Influence of Concomitant Pathological Variables. J Urol 2002;167:117-22.Open) 28. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500.29. Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981. 30. Ward, J et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Advanced (cT3) Prostate Cancer since the advent of PSA testing: 15 year outcome. BJU Int 2005;95:751-6. 31. Zelefsky, M et al. Multi-Institutional Analysis of Long-Term Outcome for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanent Seed Implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(2):327-333. 32. Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome of High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-19. (81 Gy) 33. Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor control and distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int j Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-33. (81 Gy) 34. Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor Control and distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int j Radiat Oncol bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-33. (86 Gy) 35. Zelefsky, M et al. High Dose Radiation Delivered by Intensity Modulated Conformal Radiotherapy Improves the Outcome of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2001;166:876-881. (75 Gy) 36. Zelefsky, M et al. High Dose Radiation Delivered by Intensity Modulated Conformal Radiotherapy Improves the Outcome of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2001;166:876-881. (81 Gy) 37. Dattoli, M et al. Long-term Outcomes After Treatment with Brachytherapy and Supplemental Conformal Radiation for Prostate Cancer Patients Having Intermediate and High-Risk Features. Cancer 2007;110(3):551-555. 38. Moyad, M et al. Statins, especially Atorvastatin, may Favorable Influence Clinical Presentation and Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Brachytherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. 39. Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome Following Three dimensional Conformal/IMRT for Clinical Stage T3 Prostate Cancer. Eurr Urol 2008;53:1172-79. 40. Yoshioka, Y et al. Monotherapeutic High-dose-rate Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer: Five-year Results of an Extreme Hypofractionation Regimen with 54Gy in Nine Fractions. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;80(2):469-75. 41. Galalae R et al. Hypofractionated Conformal HDR Brachytherapy in Hormone Naïve Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 2006;182(3):135-141. 42. Demanes, DJ et al. Excellent Results from High Dose Rate Brachytherapy and External Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer are Not Imroved by Androgen Deprivation. Amer J Clin Oncol 2009;32(4):342-347. 43. Stock, R et al. Outcomes for patients with High-Grade Prostate Cancer Treated with a Combination of Brachytherapy, EBRT and Hormone therapy. BJU Int 2009;104:1631-1636. 44. Stone, N et al. Local Control following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: Effect of High Biologically Effective Dose on Biopsy Results and Oncologic Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. 45. Bittner, N et al. Whole Pelvis Radiotherapy in Combination with Interstitial Brachytherapy: Does Coverage of the Pelvic Lymph Nodes Improve Treatment Outcome in High Risk Prostate Cancer? Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(4):1078-1084. 46. Rubio-Briones, J et al. Metastatic Progression, Cancer Specific Mortality and Need for Secondary Treatments in Patients with Clinically High Risk Prostate Cancer Treated Initially with Radical Prostatectomy. Actas Urologicas Esanolas 2010;34(7):610-617. 47. Dattoli, M et al. Long Term Outcomes for Patients with Prostate Cancer Having Intermediate and High Risk Disease, Treated with Combination External Beam Irradiation and Brachytherapy. J Oncology 2010;2010(Article Id 471375):6 pages. 48. Menon, M et al. Biochemical Recurrence Following Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5 year follow-up. Eurr Urol 2010;58:838-46. 49. Pierorazio, P et al. Long Term Survival after Radical Prostatectomy for Men with High Gleason Sum in Pathologic Specimen. Urology 2010;76(3):715-21. 100. (Open) 101. Deger, S et al. (Germany) High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy with Conformal Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Eurr Urology 2005;47:441-448. 102. Magheli A et al. (Johns Hopkins) Importance of Tumor Location in Patients with High Preoperative PSA Levels ( greater than 20 ng/ml treated with Radical Prostatectomy. J Urology 2007;178:1311-15. 103. Kupelian P, et al. Improved Biochemical Relapse-Free Survival With Increased Radiation Doses in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: The Combined Experience of Nine Institutions in 1994 and 1995. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(2):415-419. 104. Sylvester, J et al. 15-Year Biochemical Relapse Free Survival in Clinical Stage T1-T3 Prostate Cancer Following Combined External Beam Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy: Seattle Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(1):57-64. 105. Hinnen, K et al. (Netherlands) Long Term Biochemical and Survival Outcome of 921 Patients Treated with I-125 Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. 106. Hsu, C et al. Comparing Results After Surgery in Patients with Clinical Unilateral T3a Prostate Cnacer Treated with or without neoadjuvent Androgen-Deprivation Therapy. BJU Int 2006;99:311-314. 107. Roehl, K et al. Cancer Progression and Survival Rates Following Anatomical Radical Prostatectomy in 3,478 Consecutive Patients: Long Term Results. J Urology 2004;172:910-914. 108. Merrick, G et al. Prostate Cancer Death is Unlikely in High Risk Patients Following Quality Permanent Seed Implantation. BJU Int 2010;107:226-233. (No ADT) 109. Merrick, G et al. Prostate Cancer Death is Unlikely in High Risk Patients Following Quality Permanent Seed Implantation. BJU Int 2010;107:226-233. (Plus ADT) 110. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Failure Patterns and Survival in a Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer. Who Dies of Disease? Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;79(5):1310-17. 111. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 112. Prada, P et al. Biochemical outcome after high-dose-rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy: 12 years of experience. BJU Int 2012;109(12):1787-93. (1 high risk criteria & 2&gt; high risk criteria) (Study Update: Prada, P et al. Long-term biochemical results after high-dose-rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy for high risk prostate cancer. Radiation Oncol 2012;7,31-39.) 113. Thomson, D et al. Dose-escalated hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy in high-risk carcinoma of the prostate: outcome and toxicity. 2012; epub June 20. 114. Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. 115. Yamamoto, S et al. Long-term oncological outcome and risk stratification in men with high-risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012;42(6):541-47. 116.Berglund, R et al. Ten-year follow-up of neoadjuvant therapy with Goserelin Acetate and Flutamide before radical prostatectomy for clinical T3 and T4 prostate cancer: update on Southwest Oncology Group Study 9109. Urol 2012;79(3):633-37. 117. Freedland, S et al. Radical Prostatectomy for clinical stage T3a disease. Cancer 2007;109(7):1273-78. 118. Dearnaley, D et al. Escalated-dose versus standard-dose conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer: first results from the MRC RT01 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;8:475-87. 119. Spahn, M et al. Outcome predictors of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate-specific antigen greater than 20 ng/ml: a European mulit-institutional study of 712 patients. Eur Urol 2010;58,1-7. 120. (Open) 121. Tendulkar, R et al. Redefining high-risk prostate cancer based on distant metastases and mortality after high-dose radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2012;82(4):1397-1404. 2nd Group References: 50.Aizer A, et al. Radical Prostatectomy vs Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in the Management of Localized Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2009;93:185-191. 51.Battermann J, et al. Results of permanent prostate brachytherapy, 13 years of experience at a single institution. Radiotherapy & Oncology 2004;71:23-28. 52.Berglund R, et al. Limited Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection at the Time of Radical Prostatectomy Does Not Affect 5-Year Failure Rates for Low, Intermediate and High Risk Prostate Cancer: Results From CaPSURE. J Urology 2007;177:526-530. 53.Beyer D, et al. Relative influence of gleason score and pretreatment PSA in predicting survival following brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2003;2:77-84. 54.Cahlon O, et al. Ultra high dose (86.4Gy) IMRT for localized prostate cancer: toxicity and biochemical outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(2):330-337. 55.Copp H, et al. Tumor Control Outcomes of Patients Treated With Trimodality Therapy For Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer. Urology 2005;65(6):1146-1151. 56.Crouzet S, et al. Multicentric Oncologic Outcomes of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Localized Prostate Cancer in 803 patients. Eurr Urol 2010;58:559-566. 57.Demanes D, et al. High-Dose-Rate Intensity Modulated Brachytherapy With External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: California Endocurietherapy&apos;s 10-Year Results. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(5):1306-1316. 58. Donohue J, et al. Poorly Differentiated Prostate Cancer Treated With Radical Prostatectomy: Long-Term Outcome and Incidence of Pathological Downgrading. J Urology 2006;176(3):991-995. 59.Ellis R, et al. Biochemical disease free survival rates following definitive low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy with dose escalation to biologic target volumes identified with SPECT/CT capromab pendetide. Brachytherapy 2007;6:16-25. 60.Fonteyne, V et al. Clinical results after high-dose intentisy-modulated radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer. Adv Urol 2012; Article ID 368528. 61.Henry A, et al. Outcomes Following Iodine-125 Monotherapy for localized Prostate Cancer: The results of Leeds 10-year single-center brachytherapy experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(1):50-56. 62.Hernandez D, et al. Contemporary Evaluation of the D’Amico risk classification of Prostate Cancer. J Urol 2007;70(5):931-935. 63.Hong S, et al. Predictions of Outcomes after Radical Prostatectomy in Patients Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer of Biopsy GS &gt; 8 via Contemporary multi (&gt;12)-core prostate biopsy. BJU Int 2011;108(2):217-222. 64.Hull G, et al. Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1000 consecutive patients. J Urology 2002;167:528-534. 65.Khaksar S, et al. Interstitial low dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer-a focus on intermediate & high risk disease. Clinical Oncology 2006;18:513-518. 66.Khuntia D, et al. Recurrence-free survival rates after external-beam radiotherapy for patients with clinical T1-T3 prostate carcinoma in prostate specific antigen era. Cancer 2004;100(6):1283-1292. 67.Koontz B, et al. Morbidity and Prostate Specific Antigen Control of External Beam Radiation Therapy plus Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy Boost for Low ,Intermediate and High Risk Prostate Cancer. Brachytherapy 2009;8:191-196. 68.Kupelian P, et al. Hypofractionated Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (70Gy at 2.5Gy per fraction) for Localized Prostate Cancer: Cleveland Clinic Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;68(5):1424-1430. 69.Kwok Y, et al. Risk Group stratification in patients undergoing permanent I-125 prostate brachytherapy as monotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2002;53(3):588-594. 70.Lederman G, et al. Retrospective Stratification of a Consecutive Cohort of Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with a Combined Regimen of External-beam Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2001;49(5):1297-1303. 71.Lee L, et al. Role of Hormonal therapy in the management of intermediate to high risk prostate cancer treated with permanent radioactive seed implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2002;52(2):444-452. 72.Liauw S, et al. Dose-escalated radiotherapy for hight-risk prostate cancer: outcomes in modern ear with short termandrogen deprivation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;77(1):125-130. 73.Livsey J, et al. Hypofractionated Conformal Radiotherapy in Carcinoma of the Prostate: five-Year Outcome Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(5):1254-1259. 74.Nobes J, et al. Biochemical Relapse-Free Survival in 400 Patients Treated with I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy: the Guildford Experience. Prostate Ca & Prostatic Disease 2009;12:61-66. 75.Phan T, et al. High dose rate brachytherapy as a boost for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2007;177:123-127. Prada P, et al. High-dose-rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external-beam radiotherapy improves local and biochemical control in patients with high risk prostate cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2008;10:415-421. Sathya J, et al. Randomized Trial comparing Iridium implants plus external-beam radiation therapy with external-beam radiation therapy alone in node-negative locally advanced cancer of the prostate. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(5):1192-1199. Stock, R. et al. Combined Modality Treatment in the Management of High Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;59(5):1352-1359. Stone N, et al. Multicenter Analysis of Effect of High Biologic Effective dose on Biochemical Failure and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Gleason 7-10 Prostate cancer Treated with Permanent Prostate Bracyhhterapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2009;73(2):341-346. Stone N, et al. Customized dose Prescription for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: Insights From a Multicenter Analysis of Dosimetry Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;69(5):1472-1477. Yamada Y, et al. Favorable Clinical Outcomes of 3-D Computer Optimized High Dose Rate Prostate Brachytherapy in the management of Localized Prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2006;5:157-164. Yossepowitch O, et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized High Risk Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis of Risk Assessment Methods. J Urology 2007;178:493-499. (Def. #1) Yossepowitch O, et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized High Risk Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis of Risk Assessment Methods. J Urology 2007;178:493-499. (Def. #2) Yossepowitch O, et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized High Risk Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis of Risk Assessment Methods. J Urology 2007;178:493-499. (Def. #3) Zwahlen D, et al. High Dose Rate Brachytherapy in Combination with Conformal External Beam Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Brachytherapy 2010;9:27-35. D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical outcomes after Radical Prostatectomy or External Beam Radiation Therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma in the Prostate Specific Antigen Era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-286. (RP) D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical outcomes after Radical Prostatectomy or External Beam Radiation Therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma in the Prostate Specific Antigen Era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-286. (EBRT) Stokes S, et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000;47(1):129-136. (seeds) Yossepowitch O, et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized High Risk Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis of Risk Assessment Methods. J Urology 2007;178:493-499. (Def. #4) Higgins G, et al. Outcome Analysis of 300 prostate cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and hypofractionated radiotherapy. IJROBP;65(4):982-89. 91. Deutsch, I et al. Comparison of PSA relapse-free survival in patients treated with ultra-high-dose IMRT versus combination HDR brachytherapy and IMRT. Brachytherapy 2010;9:313-18. 92. Zapatero, A et al. Long-Term Results After High-Dose Radiotherapy and Adjuvant Hormones in Prostate Cancer: How Curable in High Risk Disease? Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(5):1279-85. .
- 1st Group References: 1. Bahn, D et al. Targeted Cryoablation of the Prostate:7-year Outcomes in the Primary Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Urology 2002;60(Supp 2A):3-11. 2. Burri, R et al. Young Men have Equivalent Biochemical Outcomes Compared with Older Men After Treatment with Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;77(5):1315-21. 3. Ploussard, G et al. Radical Prostatectomy of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Defined by Preoperative criteria: Oncologic Follow-up in National Multicenter Study in 813 Patients and Assessment of Easy-to-use Prognostic Substratification. Urol 2011;78(3):607-13 4. Bittner, N et al. Primary Causes of Death After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;72(2):433-440. 5. Boorjian, S et al. Mayo Clinic Validation of the D&apos;Amico Risk Group Classification for Predicting Survival Following Radical Prostatectomy. J Urology 2008;179:1354-1361. 6. Carver, B et al. Long Term Outcome following Radical Prostatectomy in Men with Clinical T3 Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:564-568. 7. Cohen, J et al. Ten-Year Biochemical Disease Control in Patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Cryosurgery as Primary Therapy. Urology 2008;71(3):515-518. 8. Critz, Fet al. 10-year Disease Survival Rates After Simultaneous Irradiation for Prostate Cancer with a Focus on Calculation Methodology. J Urology 2004;172:2232-2238. 9. Galalae, R et al. Long-term Outcome by Risk Factors Using Conformal High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (HDR-BT) Boost with or without Neoadjuvant Androgen Suppression for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;58(4):1048-1055. 10. Kollmeier, M et al. Biochemical Outcomes After Prostate Brachytherapy with 5-year Minimal follow-up: Importance of patient Selection and implant Quality. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(3):645-653. 11. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Analysis of Stage T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57(4):915-928.(PSA:4-10,GS:2-6,&gt;70 Gy) 12. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Results of the MD Anderson Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;70(1):67-74. 13. Sabolch, A et al. Gleason Patter 5 is Greatest Risk Factor for Clinical Failure and Death from Prostate Cancer after Dose-Escalation Radiation Therapy and Hormonal Ablation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):e351-e360. 14. Stenmark, M et al. Continued Benefit to Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy Across Multiple Definitions of High-Risk Disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(4):3335-44. 15. Loeb, S et al. Intermediate-term potency, continence & survival outcomes of radical prostatectomy for clinically high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer. Urology 2007;69(6):1170-1175. 16. Merrick, G et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-77. (EBRT, Seeds, ADT) 17. Merrick, G et al. Androgen deprivation therapy does not impact cause specific overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int j Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(3):669-77. (EBRT & Seeds) 18. Merrick, G et al. Prognostic Significance of Perineural Invasion on Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Prostate Brachytherapy. Urology 2005;66(5):1048-1053. 19. Merrick, G et al. Impact of Supplemental External Beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(1):32-43. (EBRT & Seeds) 20. Merrick, G et al. Impact of Supplemental External Beam Radiotherapy and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Biochemical Outcome After Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(1):32-43. (EBRT, Seeds, ADT) 21. Mian, B et al. Outcome of Patients w/ Gleason score 8 or Higher Prostate Cancer following Radical Prostatectomy alone. J Urology 2002;167:1675-1680. 22. Pellizzon, A et al. The Relationship Between the Biochemical Control Outcomes and the Quality of Planning of HDR as a Boost to External Beam Radiotherapy for locally and locally advanced Prostate Cancer using the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix definition. Int J Med Sci 2008;5:113-120. 23. Stokes, S et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000;47(1):129-136. (EBRT) 24. Potters, L et al. 12-Year Outcomes Following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy in Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2005;173:1562-1566. 25. Stokes, S et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000;47(1):129-136. (RP) 26. Sylvester, J et al. Ten Year Biochemical Relapse Free Survival After External Beam Radiation and Brachytherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: The Seattle Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(4):944-952. Lau, W et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Pathological Gleason 8 or Greater Prostate Cancer: Influence of Concomitant Pathological Variables. J Urol 2002;167:117-22. Stone, N et al. Influence of Pretreatment and Treatment Factors on Intermediate to Long-term Outcome After Prostate Brachytherapy. J Urol 2011;185:495-500.29. Thames, H et al. Increasing External Beam Dose for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer: Effect on Risk Groups. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2006;65(4):975-981. 30. Ward, J et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Advanced (cT3) Prostate Cancer since the advent of PSA testing: 15 year outcome. BJU Int 2005;95:751-6. 31. Zelefsky, M et al. Multi-Institutional Analysis of Long-Term Outcome for T1-T2 Prostate Cancer Treated with Permanent Seed Implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(2):327-333. 32. Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome of High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2006;176:1415-19. (81 Gy) 33. Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor control and distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int j Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-33. (81 Gy) 34. Zelefsky, M et al. Long-term Results of Conformal Radiotherapy for prostate Cancer: Impact of Dose Escalation in Biochemical Tumor Control and distant Metastases-free Survival Outcomes. Int j Radiat Oncol bio Phys 2008;71(4):1028-33. (86 Gy) 35. Zelefsky, M et al. High Dose Radiation Delivered by Intensity Modulated Conformal Radiotherapy Improves the Outcome of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2001;166:876-881. (75 Gy) 36. Zelefsky, M et al. High Dose Radiation Delivered by Intensity Modulated Conformal Radiotherapy Improves the Outcome of Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urology 2001;166:876-881. (81 Gy) 37. Dattoli, M et al. Long-term Outcomes After Treatment with Brachytherapy and Supplemental Conformal Radiation for Prostate Cancer Patients Having Intermediate and High-Risk Features. Cancer 2007;110(3):551-555. 38. Moyad, M et al. Statins, especially Atorvastatin, may Favorable Influence Clinical Presentation and Biochemical Progression-free Survival after Brachytherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-1154. 39. Zelefsky, M et al. Long Term Outcome Following Three dimensional Conformal/IMRT for Clinical Stage T3 Prostate Cancer. Eurr Urol 2008;53:1172-79. 40. Yoshioka, Y et al. Monotherapeutic High-dose-rate Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer: Five-year Results of an Extreme Hypofractionation Regimen with 54Gy in Nine Fractions. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;80(2):469-75. 41. Galalae R et al. Hypofractionated Conformal HDR Brachytherapy in Hormone Naïve Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 2006;182(3):135-141. 42. Demanes, DJ et al. Excellent Results from High Dose Rate Brachytherapy and External Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer are Not Imroved by Androgen Deprivation. Amer J Clin Oncol 2009;32(4):342-347. 43. Stock, R et al. Outcomes for patients with High-Grade Prostate Cancer Treated with a Combination of Brachytherapy, EBRT and Hormone therapy. BJU Int 2009;104:1631-1636. 44. Stone, N et al. Local Control following Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: Effect of High Biologically Effective Dose on Biopsy Results and Oncologic Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(2):355-360. 45. Bittner, N et al. Whole Pelvis Radiotherapy in Combination with Interstitial Brachytherapy: Does Coverage of the Pelvic Lymph Nodes Improve Treatment Outcome in High Risk Prostate Cancer? Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(4):1078-1084. 46. Rubio-Briones, J et al. Metastatic Progression, Cancer Specific Mortality and Need for Secondary Treatments in Patients with Clinically High Risk Prostate Cancer Treated Initially with Radical Prostatectomy. Actas Urologicas Esanolas 2010;34(7):610-617. 47. Dattoli, M et al. Long Term Outcomes for Patients with Prostate Cancer Having Intermediate and High Risk Disease, Treated with Combination External Beam Irradiation and Brachytherapy. J Oncology 2010;2010(Article Id 471375):6 pages. 48. Menon, M et al. Biochemical Recurrence Following Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5 year follow-up. Eurr Urol 2010;58:838-46. 49. Pierorazio, P et al. Long Term Survival after Radical Prostatectomy for Men with High Gleason Sum in Pathologic Specimen. Urology 2010;76(3):715-21. 100. (Open) 101. Deger, S et al. (Germany) High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy with Conformal Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Eurr Urology 2005;47:441-448. 102. Magheli A et al. (Johns Hopkins) Importance of Tumor Location in Patients with High Preoperative PSA Levels ( greater than 20 ng/ml treated with Radical Prostatectomy. J Urology 2007;178:1311-15. 103. Kupelian P, et al. Improved Biochemical Relapse-Free Survival With Increased Radiation Doses in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: The Combined Experience of Nine Institutions in 1994 and 1995. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(2):415-419. 104. Sylvester, J et al. 15-Year Biochemical Relapse Free Survival in Clinical Stage T1-T3 Prostate Cancer Following Combined External Beam Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy: Seattle Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;67(1):57-64. 105. Hinnen, K et al. (Netherlands) Long Term Biochemical and Survival Outcome of 921 Patients Treated with I-125 Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76(5):1433-1438. 106. Hsu, C et al. Comparing Results After Surgery in Patients with Clinical Unilateral T3a Prostate Cnacer Treated with or without neoadjuvent Androgen-Deprivation Therapy. BJU Int 2006;99:311-314. 107. Roehl, K et al. Cancer Progression and Survival Rates Following Anatomical Radical Prostatectomy in 3,478 Consecutive Patients: Long Term Results. J Urology 2004;172:910-914. 108. Merrick, G et al. Prostate Cancer Death is Unlikely in High Risk Patients Following Quality Permanent Seed Implantation. BJU Int 2010;107:226-233. (No ADT) 109. Merrick, G et al. Prostate Cancer Death is Unlikely in High Risk Patients Following Quality Permanent Seed Implantation. BJU Int 2010;107:226-233. (Plus ADT) 110. Kuban, D et al. Long-Term Failure Patterns and Survival in a Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer. Who Dies of Disease? Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;79(5):1310-17. 111. Busch, J et al. Long-term oncological and continence outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-centre experience. BJU Int 2012; 110(11):E985-90. (Robot) 112. Prada, P et al. Biochemical outcome after high-dose-rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy: 12 years of experience. BJU Int 2012;109(12):1787-93. (1 high risk criteria & 2&gt; high risk criteria) (Study Update: Prada, P et al. Long-term biochemical results after high-dose-rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy for high risk prostate cancer. Radiation Oncol 2012;7,31-39. 113. Thomson, D et al. Dose-escalated hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy in high-risk carcinoma of the prostate: outcome and toxicity. 2012; epub June 20. 114. Sooriakumaran, P et al. Biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a European single-centre cohort with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years. Eur Urol 2012;62(5):768-74. 115. Yamamoto, S et al. Long-term oncological outcome and risk stratification in men with high-risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012;42(6):541-47. 116. Berglund, R et al. Ten-year follow-up of neoadjuvant therapy with Goserelin Acetate and Flutamide before radical prostatectomy for clinical T3 and T4 prostate cancer: update on Southwest Oncology Group Study 9109. Urol 2012;79(3):633-37. 117. Freedland, S et al. Radical Prostatectomy for clinical stage T3a disease. Cancer 2007;109(7):1273-78. 118. Dearnaley, D et al. Escalated-dose versus standard-dose conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer: first results from the MRC RT01 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;8:475-87. 119. Spahn, M et al. Outcome predictors of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate-specific antigen greater than 20 ng/ml: a European mulit-institutional study of 712 patients. Eur Urol 2010;58,1-7. 120. (Open) 121. Tendulkar, R et al. Redefining high-risk prostate cancer based on distant metastases and mortality after high-dose radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2012;82(4):1397-1404. 2nd Group References: 50.Aizer A, et al. Radical Prostatectomy vs Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in the Management of Localized Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2009;93:185-191. 51.Battermann J, et al. Results of permanent prostate brachytherapy, 13 years of experience at a single institution. Radiotherapy & Oncology 2004;71:23-28. 52.Berglund R, et al. Limited Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection at the Time of Radical Prostatectomy Does Not Affect 5-Year Failure Rates for Low, Intermediate and High Risk Prostate Cancer: Results From CaPSURE. J Urology 2007;177:526-530. 53.Beyer D, et al. Relative influence of gleason score and pretreatment PSA in predicting survival following brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2003;2:77-84. 54.Cahlon O, et al. Ultra high dose (86.4Gy) IMRT for localized prostate cancer: toxicity and biochemical outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2008;71(2):330-337. 55.Copp H, et al. Tumor Control Outcomes of Patients Treated With Trimodality Therapy For Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer. Urology 2005;65(6):1146-1151. 56.Crouzet S, et al. Multicentric Oncologic Outcomes of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Localized Prostate Cancer in 803 patients. Eurr Urol 2010;58:559-566. 57.Demanes D, et al. High-Dose-Rate Intensity Modulated Brachytherapy With External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: California Endocurietherapy&apos;s 10-Year Results. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2005;61(5):1306-1316. 58. Donohue J, et al. Poorly Differentiated Prostate Cancer Treated With Radical Prostatectomy: Long-Term Outcome and Incidence of Pathological Downgrading. J Urology 2006;176(3):991-995. 59.Ellis R, et al. Biochemical disease free survival rates following definitive low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy with dose escalation to biologic target volumes identified with SPECT/CT capromab pendetide. Brachytherapy 2007;6:16-25. 60.Fonteyne, V et al. Clinical results after high-dose intentisy-modulated radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer. Adv Urol 2012; Article ID 368528. 61.Henry A, et al. Outcomes Following Iodine-125 Monotherapy for localized Prostate Cancer: The results of Leeds 10-year single-center brachytherapy experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;76(1):50-56. 62.Hernandez D, et al. Contemporary Evaluation of the D’Amico risk classification of Prostate Cancer. J Urol 2007;70(5):931-935. 63.Hong S, et al. Predictions of Outcomes after Radical Prostatectomy in Patients Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer of Biopsy GS &gt; 8 via Contemporary multi (&gt;12)-core prostate biopsy. BJU Int 2011;108(2):217-222. 64.Hull G, et al. Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1000 consecutive patients. J Urology 2002;167:528-534. 65.Khaksar S, et al. Interstitial low dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer-a focus on intermediate & high risk disease. Clinical Oncology 2006;18:513-518. 66.Khuntia D, et al. Recurrence-free survival rates after external-beam radiotherapy for patients with clinical T1-T3 prostate carcinoma in prostate specific antigen era. Cancer 2004;100(6):1283-1292. 67.Koontz B, et al. Morbidity and Prostate Specific Antigen Control of External Beam Radiation Therapy plus Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy Boost for Low ,Intermediate and High Risk Prostate Cancer. Brachytherapy 2009;8:191-196. 68.Kupelian P, et al. Hypofractionated Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (70Gy at 2.5Gy per fraction) for Localized Prostate Cancer: Cleveland Clinic Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;68(5):1424-1430. 69.Kwok Y, et al. Risk Group stratification in patients undergoing permanent I-125 prostate brachytherapy as monotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2002;53(3):588-594. 70.Lederman G, et al. Retrospective Stratification of a Consecutive Cohort of Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with a Combined Regimen of External-beam Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2001;49(5):1297-1303. 71.Lee L, et al. Role of Hormonal therapy in the management of intermediate to high risk prostate cancer treated with permanent radioactive seed implantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2002;52(2):444-452. 72.Liauw S, et al. Dose-escalated radiotherapy for hight-risk prostate cancer: outcomes in modern ear with short termandrogen deprivation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2010;77(1):125-130. 73.Livsey J, et al. Hypofractionated Conformal Radiotherapy in Carcinoma of the Prostate: five-Year Outcome Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2003;57(5):1254-1259. 74.Nobes J, et al. Biochemical Relapse-Free Survival in 400 Patients Treated with I-125 Prostate Brachytherapy: the Guildford Experience. Prostate Ca & Prostatic Disease 2009;12:61-66. 75.Phan T, et al. High dose rate brachytherapy as a boost for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Urology 2007;177:123-127. Prada P, et al. High-dose-rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external-beam radiotherapy improves local and biochemical control in patients with high risk prostate cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2008;10:415-421. Sathya J, et al. Randomized Trial comparing Iridium implants plus external-beam radiation therapy with external-beam radiation therapy alone in node-negative locally advanced cancer of the prostate. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(5):1192-1199. Stock, R. et al. Combined Modality Treatment in the Management of High Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2004;59(5):1352-1359. Stone N, et al. Multicenter Analysis of Effect of High Biologic Effective dose on Biochemical Failure and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Gleason 7-10 Prostate cancer Treated with Permanent Prostate Bracyhhterapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2009;73(2):341-346. Stone N, et al. Customized dose Prescription for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: Insights From a Multicenter Analysis of Dosimetry Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2007;69(5):1472-1477. Yamada Y, et al. Favorable Clinical Outcomes of 3-D Computer Optimized High Dose Rate Prostate Brachytherapy in the management of Localized Prostate cancer. Brachytherapy 2006;5:157-164. Yossepowitch O, et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized High Risk Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis of Risk Assessment Methods. J Urology 2007;178:493-499. (Def. #1) Yossepowitch O, et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized High Risk Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis of Risk Assessment Methods. J Urology 2007;178:493-499. (Def. #2) Yossepowitch O, et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized High Risk Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis of Risk Assessment Methods. J Urology 2007;178:493-499. (Def. #3) Zwahlen D, et al. High Dose Rate Brachytherapy in Combination with Conformal External Beam Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Brachytherapy 2010;9:27-35. D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical outcomes after Radical Prostatectomy or External Beam Radiation Therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma in the Prostate Specific Antigen Era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-286. (RP) D’Amico A, et al. Biochemical outcomes after Radical Prostatectomy or External Beam Radiation Therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma in the Prostate Specific Antigen Era. Cancer 2002;95(2):281-286. (EBRT) Stokes S, et al. Comparison of biochemical disease-free survival of patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate undergoing radical prostatectomy, transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation, or definitive external beam irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2000;47(1):129-136. (seeds) Yossepowitch O, et al. Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized High Risk Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis of Risk Assessment Methods. J Urology 2007;178:493-499. (Def. #4) Higgins G, et al. Outcome Analysis of 300 prostate cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and hypofractionated radiotherapy. IJROBP;65(4):982-89. 91. Deutsch, I et al. Comparison of PSA relapse-free survival in patients treated with ultra-high-dose IMRT versus combination HDR brachytherapy and IMRT. Brachytherapy 2010;9:313-18. 92. Zapatero, A et al. Long-Term Results After High-Dose Radiotherapy and Adjuvant Hormones in Prostate Cancer: How Curable in High Risk Disease? Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 2011;81(5):1279-85.