Carotid Artery - Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery POV

1. CAROTID ARTERY
PRESENTED BY- PRODIPTA BRAHMA
BDS 3RD YEAR
ROLL NO.- 10

2. CAROTID ARTERY
The common carotid, internal carotid and
external carotid arteries provide the major
source of blood to the head and neck.

3. COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

4. Right
Common
Carotid Artery

5. Left Carotid
Artery

7. COURSE

11.  CAROTID SINUS: The termination of the common
carotid artery, or the beginning of the internal
carotid artery shows a slight dilatation, known as
the CAROTID SINUS. I t receives a rich
innervation from the glossopharyngeal and
sympathetic nerves. The carotid sinus acts as a
BARORECEPTOR or PRESSURE RECEPTOR and
regulates blood pressure.
 CAROTID BODY: It is a small, oval reddish brown
structure situated behind the bifurcation of the
common carotid artery. It receives a rich nerve
supply mainly from the glossopharyngeal nerve, but
also from the vagus and sympathetic nerves. It acts
as a CHEMORECEPTOR and responds to change in
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH content of the
blood.
 Other ALLIED CHEMORECEPTORS are found near
the arch of aorta, the ductus arteriosus, and the
right subclavian artery. These are supplied by the
vagus nerve.

12. CLINICAL ANATOMY
 The carotid sinus is richly supplied by nerves. In some persons,
the sinus may be hypersensitive. In such persons, sudden
rotation of the head may cause slowing of heart. This
condition is known as carotid sinus syndrome.
 The supraventricular tachycardia can be controlled by carotid
sinus massage, due to inhibitory effects of vagus nerve on the
heart.
 The necktie should not be tied tightly, as it may compress
both the internal carotid arteries supplying the brain.

13. EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
 External carotid artery is one of the terminal
branches of the common carotid artery.
 In general, it lies anterior to the internal
carotid artery, and is the chief artery of
supply to structures in the front of the neck
and the face.

14. BRANCHES OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
The external carotid artery gives rise to eight
branches which may be grouped as follows:
 Anterior: Superior thyroid, lingual and facial.
 Posterior: Occipital and posterior auricular.
 Medial: Ascending pharyngeal.
 Terminal: Maxillary and superficial temporal.

15. SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY
 The superior thyroid artery supplies the thyroid
gland and some adjacent skin.
 Arises from the ECA just below the level of the
greater cornua of the hyoid bone.
 Runs downwards and forwards parallel and just
superficial to the external laryngeal nerve.
 Passes deep to the three infrahyoid muscles to
reach the upper pole of the lateral lobe of the
thyroid gland.
 It is in very close vicinity to the external laryngeal
nerve higher up but diverge slightly near the
gland. So, during thyroid surgery, the superior
thyroid artery is ligated as near the gland as
possible.

16. BRANCHES OF SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY
 Infrahyoid artery: The infrahyoid artery is a small branch
that runs along the lower border of the hyoid bone deep
to thyrohyoid and anastomoses with its fellow of the
opposite side to supply the infrahyoid strap muscles
(muscles which connect hyoid, sternum, clavicle,
scapula).
 Superior laryngeal artery: Pierces the thyrohyoid
membrane in company with the internal laryngeal nerve
and supplies the tissues of upper part of larynx.
 Sternocleidomastoid branch: supplies the middle region
of sternocleidomastoid muscle.
 Cricothyroid branch: anastomoses with the fellow artery
of the opposite side and supplies cricothyroid.

17. LINGUAL ARTERY
 Arises from ECA opposite the tip of the greater cornua
of hyoid bone. It is tortuous in its course.
 Its course is divided into three parts by the hyoglossus
muscle:
 The first part lies in the carotid triangle.
 The second part lies deep to the hyoglossus along the
upper border of the hyoid bone.
 The third part is called the arteria profunda linguae, or
the deep lingual artery. It runs upwards along the
anterior border of the hyoglossus, and then horizontally
forwards on the under surface of the tongue as the
fourth part. The horizontal part of the nerve is
accompanied by the lingual nerve.

18. BRANCHES OF LINGUAL ARTERY
Suprahyoid.
Dorsal lingual
Sublingual.
During surgical removal of the tongue, the
first part of the artery is ligated before it
gives any branch to the tongue or the
tonsil.

19. FACIAL ARTERY
 Arises from ECA just above the tip of the greater
cornua of the hyoid bone.
 It runs upwards first in the neck as cervical part and
then on the face as facial part.
 The tortuosity in the neck allows free movements
of the pharynx during deglutition.
 On the face, it allows free movements of the
mandible, the lips and cheek during mastication
and during various facial expressions.

20. BRANCHES OF FACIAL ARTERY
 The cervical part of the facial artery gives of the
following branches for the submandibular salivary
gland and lymph nodes:
 Ascending palatine
 Tonsillar
 Submental
 Glandular
 Ascending palatine artery supplies the tonsil and the
root of the tongue.
 Submental branch supplies the submental triangle
and sublingual salivary gland.

21. OCCIPITAL ARTERY
 Arises from the posterior aspect of the
ECA, opposite the origin of the facial
artery.
 In the carotid triangle, the artery gives
two sternocleidomastoid branches.
 In its further course the artery extends
and supplies to the scalp.

22. POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY
 Arises from the posterior aspect of the ECA just
above the posterior belly of the digastric.
 It runs upwards and backwards deep to the
parotid gland.
 Crosses the base of the mastoid process and
ascends behind the auricle.
 It supplies the back of the auricle, the skin over
the mastoid process, and over the back of the
scalp.
 Its stylomastoid branch enters the stylomastoid
foramen and supplies the middle ear, the
mastoid antrum and air cells, the semicircular
canals and the facial nerve.

23. ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL ARTERY
 Arises from medial side of ECA, very close to
lower end of ECA.
 Runs vertically upwards between the side wall
of pharynx and tonsil, medial wall of middle
wall and auditory tube.
 Sends meningeal branches into the cranial
cavity through the foramen lacerum, the
jugular foramen and the hypoglossal canal.

24. MAXILLARY ARTERY
 Begins behind the neck of the mandible under the cover of the parotid gland.

25. SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY
 Begins behind the neck of the mandible under
the cover of the parotid gland.
 Runs vertically upwards crossing the root of
zygoma where its pulsations can easily be felt.
 About 5 cm above the zygoma, it divides into
anterior and posterior branches which supply
the temple and scalp.
 The anterior branch anastomoses with the
supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of
the ophthalmic artery.
 It also gives of a transverse facial artery and a
middle temporal artery.

26. INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
 No branches in neck.
 Supplies anterior brain, orbit and
forehead.
 Enters the cranial cavity, joins the basilar
artery and forms arterial circle of Willis to
supply the brain.
 In addition, it supplies nose, scalp and eye

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