Research Methods Essay

Research Methods Essay
Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a
principle of research.
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are
differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative
involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the
researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content...
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting
detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets
qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their
entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research "is
defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed
views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research.
Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that
trustworthiness could be judged by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability.
For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative
research report. In order to prevent researcher bias they can have other researchers point out
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Essay about Types of Assessment Test
Types of Assessment Tests
1) Develop a chart (matrix) of 1000в€’1,250 words that compares and contrasts the different types of assessments, the characteristics of each, and for
what situations each is best suited. It should address the following:
a) How is each type of assessment scored?
b) Discuss the value and limitations of each test in determining knowledge and skill standards.
c) Analyze each instrument for reliability and validity.
2) APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
3) Submit the assignment to the instructor by the end of Module 3.
Ok I am going to lay the paper out as follows, I will give the type of assessment first, and then how it is scored, then its limitations and then reliability.
...show more content...
These can also be highly informal and done in a large group setting. If introducing a new topic, start by just asking some real easy questions
regarding the topic and then write them down on a large piece of paper. This gives the students a visual aide and allows the teacher to have bases of
what information the kids know and what still needs to be addressed. Students on most occasions tend to truly like this assessment because it gives
them a chance to speak and be heard. Some students on the other hand do not actually like it unless they are in a one on one setting with a teacher.
Oral Assessment instruments should have an acceptable level of reliability in terms of internal consistency, test and re–test reliability and alternative
form reliability. Its content must also have the necessary validity to be a valid assessment instrument, must be predictive and concurrent.
Woodcock Johnson Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities Revised. It has good high level tasks for specific drill down areas and strong norms including
pediatrics /grade level equivalents but is not normed for ABI or other disease categories.
Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities Third Edition It's comprehensive battery is strong and well normed. Client can pick and choose the
subtests. Limitations: This is an expensive test to administer and it is cumbersome to get full picture of client in one hour with this tool.
Scores in Oral Fluency

Different Types of Lies Essay
"To lie is to state something that one knows to be false or that one does not honestly believe to be true with the intention that a person will take it for
the truth". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie) In other words, lying is a purposeful misleading statement. This statement can be made verbally, through
body language, or even implied through silence. Based on lying being well defined, some might say that lying is always wrong unless there is a good
reason for it. In that case, I would argue that lying is not always wrong.
There are two different types of lies. The first types of lies are called true falsehoods. These types of lies are always wrong. The only purpose for telling
this type of lie is for one's self interest or...show more content...
For example: A young girl is driving to the beach with her new boyfriend, they are alone, when suddenly she feels very uncomfortable and unsafe
being alone with this boy. She decides she wants to go back home, yet she knows that her boyfriend is going to be upset if she tells him the truth. So
instead she decides to tell him that she remembered something she had promised her mom she would do for her before she got home from work. She
knows later on, when she is in a more controlled environment, that she will tell this boy the truth because she knows he needs to know.
Another simpler yet common example would be misrepresentations of the truth in responding to the question "How are you doing?" A person's
answer would depend on the relationship that they have with that person. A relationship that is not close at all would most likely bring a response
that would be short and on a positive note like, "everything is fine," even if it was not true. This response would be given to that person because it
may not be appropriate or a good idea to let them know otherwise.
Another example would be a police officer during a sting operation. Is it correct for her to pose as a prostitute in order to catch actual prostitutes?
This would be considered a lie based on the fact that the officer is intentionally trying to come across as something other than she really is. It would be

Three Types of Friends Essay examples
Through my experiences I have come to realize that there are basically three types of friends a person can have. There are friends that I call
"sometimes" friends, these people appear to be your friend but only when you are face to face with them, and when you are not around them they
act more like a foe. They are often referred to as two faced or a back stabber. These types of friends are not very reliable nor should they be trusted.
Another type of friend a person can have, and the best kind, is a "true" friend. A true friend is someone you know you can always trust and rely on no
matter what. The last type of friend is the "acquaintance". These are the type of friends that you do not necessarily hate, but at the same time you do
These people are not very reliable and should not be trusted with things of a personal matter or with things of great importance. You should
confront this person and let them know how you are feeling about the way they are treating you. Let them know how things look from your point
of view. If they are a true friend they will try to correct their ways and start acting like a real friend would act. If they do not change their ways and
they continue to take advantage of you, it would probably be smart of you not to associate with them anymore. An "acquaintance" friend is
someone who you will usually encounter every so often for business needs or for some other reason. You most likely are on good terms with these
people, but they are not considered close friends whom you would talk to about personal problems. They could be someone at the grocery store
where you shop at, the place where you work, the barber shop or salon where you get your hair cut, or maybe the convenience store where you get
gas at. They usually seem as if they are good people and friendly. The acquaintance friend has the potential to become somewhat closer over time if
there are enough meetings between the two of you. Most friends that people say are good friends were just an acquaintance at some point in time, but
became closer as they got to know each other better. Last,

Different Cultures, Different Essay
Every society and culture has different ways of interpreting and defining occurrences by the way their own culture or society functions. "A society's
culture, consists of whatever it is one has to know or believe in order to operate in a manner acceptable to its members"(Geertz 242). The rituals,
customs, ethics and morals that are attributed to the cultures have caused these differences. To understand how the people of one culture interpret a
situation or event, one must evaluate the attributes that a culture has. The criteria that an event is based on changes as one culture applies their own
ideas to the given situation. Heroism and violation are two concepts that are easily misinterpreted depending on culture's ideals. Since cultures...show
more content...
What tripped Cohen up, and with him the whole, ancient pattern of social and economic relationships within which he functioned, was a confusion of
tongues. (Geertz 241)
Geertz explains that the reason for the confusion, and the different interpretations of the event that took place is a simple misunderstanding that when
took place in clashing cultures with different views, both striving to claim the situation in their own contexts became a somewhat humorous event. This
conflict between cultures causes a view of a person to change depending on which point of reference they are being seen from.
In Ernest Hemingway's "Indian Camp," the conflict between cultures again cause a difference of views of the father. The concept of heroism and
violation becomes the issue of conflict. The father or doctor is considered a hero or a violator of the Indian woman depending on the culture
viewing him. From the father's culture, he is viewed as a hero for his actions at the Indian camp. His actions are viewed as heroic under the
circumstances of his procedure. Because of the culture of the Indian people, having a white man, an outsider of the tribe, come in and operate on an
Indian woman is viewed as obscene and a violation of the woman not to

Essay on Types Of Research
Research is done everyday. Research is used in the many different situations managers encounter everyday. Research is part of the problem–solving
manager do to make decisions. Research is defined as "the process of finding solutions to problem after thorough study and analysis of the situational
factor" (Sekaran, p3, 2003). Managers use research for daily operational problem as well as bigger problems that can require hired research consultants.
Managers who use research are able to communicate with the hired consultants because they understand the process of inquiry, investigation,
examination, and explanation. Managers are also, capable of understanding the difference in good and bad studies, and can apply the research done to
Applied research is "aimed at solving a currently experienced problem" (Sekaran, p10, 2003). This research can be as simple as finding solutions to
daily operational problems.
One problem managers consistently want research on is the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. The research found on the
relationship of customer satisfaction and loyalty spans over the past decade. Many researchers argue that there is no relationship between customer
satisfaction and loyalty while others find direct correlations between the two and a business's profitability. In Roger Hadowell's study, he defines
loyalty as both behavioral and attitude while conducting his research on a banking organization. He states that behaviors including continuance,
increased relationship, and recommendations are all behaviors of loyalty to an organization (Hadowell, 1996). His research illustrates the "relationship
of profitability to customer related outcomes that managers can influence directly" (Hadowell, 1996). His findings support the hypothesis that customer
satisfaction influences customer loyalty increasing profitability. Hadowell addresses two difficulties that he encountered during his research. First,
work with the organization in order to develop the ideal measurement system used for the research. Secondly, focus on data collected over a period of
time with strong organizations (Hadowell, 1996).
In the White Page Series, researcher Burke

Types of Study Skills Essays
Introduction
People always said knowledge can change their life. For many reasons, people keep learning new things, then the skills of study turns to be more
important. Nowadays, thanks for the internet; the world is full of different information. It is difficult to let people study all of them, how to study and
what to study becomes a problem. Therefore, we have different study skills to help us study them; Cognitive Learning Styles; Info processing model
chart; Time management and goal setting; Twelve Principles of Memory; Brain Dominance Theory and the note taking are part of them. Many people
keep asking the best study skill, but in my opinion, I think what they are looking for is the suitable way to study.
Cognitive Learning Styles...show more content...
And right hemisphere involves generalized, spatial, colors, visualization, imagination, pictures, graphs, charts, intuition, interactive and rhythm.
Many people think they don't perform well on study because they not good at study. They can't remember things as quick as others. This theory seems
let peoples know their brain can be trained. For example, Mao Yisheng (January 9, 1896– 1989 12 November) a well knew bridge scientists, civil
engineering scientist, and educator for in China. He keep walk near the river and recite poetry every morning, later than, he can recite things when
other people finish writing. Therefore this is one of the example shows the memory and brain can be trained.
Info processing model chart
Info processing model chart show that when we have short–term memory, we need to do some rehearsals, after thatwe are can turn that information to
long–term memory. However, when the times gone, people still will forgot that information. Therefore, they need to keep rehearsals to sure they will
never forget it. For example, Kangxi Emperor also rehearsals 7 times after he recite it 50times.Chung–Hsuan Cheng (2011).
The Twelve Principles of Memory
The Twelve Principles of Memory separate to three part, the first principles are Selectively, Association, Visualization, Elaboration; the second
principles are Concentration, Recitation, Intention, Big and Little Pictures and the

Types of Offence and Courts Essay examples
Types of Offence and Courts This assignment is set out to explain how courts deal with both criminal and civil matters. It is sets out the role of the
Police Service, Fire Service and the Army within the English legal system. Task One: There are three types of Criminal offences that the Criminal
Courts deal with. The three types of Criminal offence are; В· Summary * Either Way * Indictable Summary Offences These are dealt only within the
Magistrates Court. They are generally offences that are considered less serious and maximum punishment is six months imprisonment and/or ВЈ5,000
fine. Examples of Summary offences are; * Minor assaults *...show more content...
When there is a breach in civil law, an individual or a company will sue another company or individual. They usually sue for money or compensation.
Smaller cases are heard in the County Court and lager cases are heard in the High Court. For example claims under ВЈ5,000 are dealt with by the small
claims court (that is within the County Court). Claims under ВЈ25,000 would usually be held in the County Court and claims over ВЈ50,000 are heard
in the High Court. However, claims between ВЈ25,000 – ВЈ50,000 the difficulty of the case would be taken into consideration to decide which court
the case would be heard in. However, there are different procedures for each court. The Small Claims Procedure The Small Claims court is part of
County court and designed to deal what claims under ВЈ5,000.the stage of the procedure is to take out a summons and pay a small fee based on the
amount being claimed. This summons must include details of the claim; it has to be clear to the defendant and the court why the claim is being
made. When the summons has been 'served' the defendant have fourteen days to send back a defence. The defendant then has several options: В·
They can choose to pay the claim В· They may make an admission and agree arrangements to pay at a later date В· They may make a defence to the
claim В· They may

The Different Types of Sports Essay
"Sports are for fun, but they also offer benefits and lessons that carry over into all aspects of life". This well–known anonymous quotation conveys the
message that sport is the game which has some rules and custom. It is not only for fun and entertainment, but there are also some benefits of playing
sports and which gives some important lessons for life. Every kind of physical sports is healthy because it involves running, jumping, stretching, mind
skills and much more. There are so many sports available in the world nowadays, but we can categorize them by the numbers of players, the three main
categories are individual sport, dual sport and team sport. The first category of sports is individual sports, in which a person can play...show more
content...
You can play these sports whenever you are free, or in school, it refreshes the person and gives him new energy through which the person performs
well in his/her life. Other kind of sports is dual sports. It is played by two people at one time. For example: tennis, squash, ping pong, wrestling, car
racing, board games, motorcycling, and many more. These games are good for all the people, but especially good for those people who are afraid of
facing group of people during game and cannot perform well in sports with teams those kinds of person can choose dual sports in which only two
person can play the game and through this that person can gain the potential playing with team and can build his confidence as well as personality. In
addition, it also provides physical and mental strength to cope with team players. You can play these games with your friends in school or at home
and in your leisure time. It keeps a person fresh and gives him/her peace of mind.
The last category of sport is team sport. In which a group of people works together to help the team wins. It is played between two teams who
against each other and give their possible efforts to achieve the target or goal. Basketball, water polo, softball, baseball, football, soccer, lacrosse,
croquet, swimming teams, volleyball, cricket, etc. are some good examples of team sports. A person will get the skills to learn how to cooperate with

Types of Intelligence Essay examples
Types of Intelligence The meaning of intelligence is a concept that varies across cultures and ideologies. According to psychologists "intelligence is the
capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges." (Feldman, R. S. 2010). Due to the
different types of human capabilities, there are different types of human intelligence. Some intelligence is expressed mentally as in existential,
intrapersonal, and spatial intelligences. Existential intelligence is the capacity and inclination to consider and question philosophically. People with
this type of intelligence are very comfortable with concepts like the meaning of life, the purpose of death, and other realities. Intrapersonal...show more
content...
Musical/Rhythmic intelligence is also physical intelligence. This form of intelligence is more than being able to keep accurate rhythm or play an
instrument. People with this type of intelligence think in musical terms, they live musically; music is a part of their being. Naturalist Intelligence: the
ability to discriminate among living things (plants, animals) and sensitivity to other features of the natural world (clouds, rock configurations) (Gardner
H. n.d.). Although, this type of intelligence was necessary for hunting and gathering civilizations; I believe that Jacque Cousteau had this type of
intelligence. The more familiar forms of intelligence are linguistic, interpersonal, and logical/mathematical intelligence. Linguistic intelligence is
necessary for authors, attorneys, and anyone whose bread and butter is made through language. Interpersonal intelligence is defined as the ability to
understand other people. Yet, I find that empathy, and wisdom must be included for the psychological definition of intelligence to exist, or instead of
solutions, problems can be created. I define wisdom as not just knowing what to do, but actually doing it. Logical or mathematical intelligence is an
innate ability to interact with mathematical and scientific principles. Practical intelligence is needed for success in careers that involve corporations,
the military, and other structured environments. Practical

Different Learning Styles Essay
Different Learning Styles
Students have different ways to learn. Some people are hands on learners or visual learners. Teachers try to adapt the way they teach; to the way their
students learn the best. The information that is being taught should be made fun so that the students remember the information. Schools are also using
new technology to help students learn. Different learning styles have different effects on people.
Different learning styles are the talk of many school districts from near and far. The study of different learning styles has gone back since the late 19th
to the early 20th centuries. We all know that people have different ways of learning, so teachers try to teach the way their...show more content...
Prediction of educational psychology course grades by age and learning style scores did a study to show how different learning styles effect test and
course grades. They use 105 college students who took four tests. ?The best predictions of the course grade were the students? ages and two Inventory
of Learning Processing and Fact Retention. The Deep Processing scale measures high–order type of items which include analyses, evaluations, and
comparisons of information; whereas, the Fact Retention scale measures low–order type of items which include factual information and memory
recall.? (Gadzella,2002) The ILP (Inventory of Learning Processing) is assessed by behavioral–process orientation and used to study actual classroom
behaviors. Deep processing scale assesses to what extent to which ?subjects critically evaluate, analyze, organize, and compare and contrast
information.? (Gadzella, 2002) Fact Retention scale assesses ?how effectively specific factual information is retrieved from one?s memory.?
(Gadzella, 2002) After doing these studies for many years it has been said that ILP is very reliable and valid. ?In 1983, Lockhart and Schmeck studied
the validity of the four ILP scales with the different components of a course and demonstrated how these scales can be useful to instructors who would
like to ?conceptualize and account for students' individual scores?

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