Bone marrow is a spongy, fatty tissue that is inside our bones. It creates red blood cells which carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and white blood cells, which fight infection, and platelets, which are responsible for the formation of clots.

1. Bone Marrow
Transplant:
Types,
Procedure, &
Recovery

2. When Do
We Need A
Bone
Marrow
Transplant?
Bone marrow transplants are required when a person’s marrow isn’t
healthy enough to function properly. These conditions can occur
from Immune Deficiencies, Congenital Neutropenia which causes
recurring infections, a blood disorder that damages the nerves,
Aplastic Anemia, Neuroblastoma, Sickle Cell Anemia, Plasma Cell
Disorder, Thalassemia, Metabolism Errors, or Bone marrow cancers
such as leukemia, myeloma, lymphoma.
A bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure performed to
replace the bone marrow that has been damaged or destroyed. This
procedure involves transplanting blood stem cells, which travel to
the bone marrow. Here, they produce new blood cells and promote
the growth of new marrow. A bone marrow transplant replaces the
damaged stem cells with healthy cells.

3. What Are
The Types
Of Bone
Marrow
Transplan
t?
There are two types of Bone Marrow Transplants that depend on the
reason for your transplant.
Autologous Transplants – These involve the use of a person’s stem
cells. It involves harvesting your cells before the beginning of any
damaging therapies like chemotherapy or radiation. Following the
treatment, your cells are returned to your body. This process can be
adopted only if you have healthy bone marrow.
Allogeneic Transplants – These involve the use of cells from a donor
who must be a close genetic match. Either a compatible relative or
genetic match found from a donor registry, can be used. However,
these have a higher risk of certain complications. This can be fully
matched or haploidentical (slightly mismatched) depending on the
HLA matching.

4. Preparati
on
and
Procedure
Preparation for a Bone Marrow Transplant requires multiple tests to
discover the type of bone marrow cells you need. You may also need
to undergo radiation or chemotherapy to kill all cancer cells or
marrow cells before you get the new stem cells.
The Bone Marrow Transplant procedure commences only when your
doctor thinks you’re ready. During an allogeneic transplant, bone
marrow cells are harvested from your donor a day or two before the
transplant while if your cells are being used, they’ll be retrieved from
the stem-cell bank.
During the bone marrow transplantation, a tube called a central
venous catheter leads the healthy stem cells injected into your
blood. This tube enables the healthy stem cells which are contained
in the fluid to go directly to the heart. These healthy stem cells then
spread in your body and then gradually form into the bone marrow.

5. Recovery
Post
Treatment
Bone marrow transplants take up to a week. During the treatment,
your immune system will be weak. Therefore, you’ll need to stay in
observation within the hospital. This reduces the risk of being
exposed to anything that can cause infections.
The state of your engraftment is closely and regularly monitored. It’s
generally complete between 15 to 30 days after the initial transplant.
The first sign of engraftment is a rising white blood cell count. This
shows that the transplant is starting to make new blood cells.
The recovery time for a bone marrow transplant is about three
months. However, it may take up to a year for complete recovery.

6. Risks
Few short-lived risks of the transplant include a blood-pressure drop,
a headache, nausea, pain, shortness of breath, chills, or fever.
However, the severe complications involve a graft-versus-host
disease (GVHD), in which the donor cells attack your body; graft
failure occurs when transplanted cells don’t begin producing new
cells as planned; bleeding in the lungs, brain, or other parts of the
body, eye-cataracts damage to other vital organs, early menopause,
anemia, mucositis or soreness in the mouth, throat, and stomach,
severe bacterial or fungal or Viral infection which can be life-
threatening at times
One must maintain a healthy diet plan and stay hydrated at all times
to avoid fatigue. Avoiding alcohol consumption and maintaining
weight must be adopted to maintain a healthy recovery.

7. At PSRI, we understand the misery of our patients and this is why we offer the best treatments to them.
We are one of the best hospitals for bone marrow transplants in India where treatment is provided with
care. With the help of our team of highly skilled and professional Oncologists & Hematologist, trained
nurses, and hospital staff an multi-disciplinary team we are the best hospital for bone marrow
transplants. Book an appointment to know more about bone marrow transplants.

8. Press Enclave Marg, Sheikh Sarai II,
Near Saket Court, New Delhi
91 - 011 – 61426142
91 - 011 – 30611700
+91- 9582261515
EMAIL: INFO@PSRI.NET
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