This document discusses authorship criteria for research publications. It states that an author is someone who has made substantive intellectual contributions to a published study, such as conception, design, data acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data. It also outlines three criteria for authorship: making substantial contributions, drafting or revising the article critically, and approving the final version. For large group studies, the group must identify individuals meeting authorship criteria who will take responsibility for the manuscript. It provides an example case study and discusses reducing problems related to authorship disputes and unethical practices.
3. An author is defined as the one who begins or
creates
Or
the one who starts a plan or an idea.
For research publications, an “author” is generally
considered to be someone who has made substantive
intellectual contributions to a published study.
5. CRITERIA FOR AUTHORS
1. Making substantial contributions to conception and design,
acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data
2. Drafting the article or revising it critically for important
intellectual content and
3. Providing final approval of the version to be published
6. When a large, multi-center group has conducted the
work:
The group should identify the individuals who accept direct
responsibility for the manuscript.
These individuals should fully meet the criteria for authorship
defined above and editors will ask these individuals to complete
journal specific author and conflict of interest disclosure forms.
When submitting a group author manuscript, the corresponding
author should clearly indicate the preferred citation and should
clearly identify all individual authors as well as the group name.
7. Journals will generally list other members of the group
in the Acknowledgments
Acquisition of funding, collection of data, or general
supervision of the research group alone does not
constitute authorship
All persons designated as authors should qualify for
authorship and all those who qualify for authorship
should be listed
Each author should have participated sufficiently in the
work to take public responsibility for appropriate
portion of the content
8. EXAMPLE CASE STUDY adapted from (Tandon et al.,
2006)
Query Jamal is a research scholar working under the supervision of Professor, Dr. Kerry.
Dr. Kerry is conducting research on tooth decay and has gathered data from hundreds
of dental patients. Jamal uses Dr. Kerry’s data to analyze a research question that he
came up with on his own about tooth enamel erosion. Jamal’s question is his own idea,
but is still based on what he learned about tooth and enamel decay under Dr. Kerry.
Jamal’s friend, Darcie, helped Jamal design a statistical computer program for data
analysis, but did not contribute in any other way to the research. When writing up his
results, Dr. Kerry helped Jamal write the methods section of his manuscript and
reviewed his final results and conclusions, as well as the final draft of the entire
manuscript. How should authorship be decided in this case?
9. Key concepts in authorship
Acknowledgement
Appeals
Contributorship
Lead/First author
Co-authors
Corresponding author
Instructions to authors
Number of authors
11. People generally lie about authorship in two ways:
by putting down names of people who took little or no part in
the research
by leaving out names of people who did take
How to reduce these
problems???
12. Reduce authorship problems
Encourage a culture of ethical
authorship
Start discussing authorship
when you plan your research
Decide authorship before you
start each article
