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‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  
	ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ  
	و  
	‬
          ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ  
	آن  
	ﺑﺮ  
	اﻣﻨﯿﺖ  
	‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻤﯿﻦ  
	ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻨﺎر  
	  
	از  
	ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ  
	ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻨﺎر  
	ﻫﺎی  
	اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ  
	  
	‬
    ‫اور"!  
	اﺷﺮف  
	ﻧﻌﻤﺖ،  
	ﮐﺎﻧﺪﯾﺪ  
	دﮐﺘﺮ  
	ا  
	در  
	رﺷﺘﻪ  
	‬
          ‫ﻋﻠﻮم  
	ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ  
	و  
	اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ  
	و  
	ﻓﻌﺎل  
	ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ  
	ﻣﺪﻧﻲ  
	‬
                      ‫ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺟﻮزای ۱١۹٩۳٣۱١، ﺑﺎﻣﯿﺎن  
	‬

                                   ‫  
	‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ  
	  
	‬

                                     ‫- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓ&ﺖ ﭼ&ﺴﺖ؟‌‬
     ‫- ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬
               ‫- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ‬
          ‫- ﺗﻌﻬﺪات ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﻦ اﳌﻠﻠﯽ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ‬
‫- ﻣﺴﺆﻟﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻬﻤﺪاران ﺳﮑﺘﻮر اﻣﻨﺘﯽ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ‬
                                             ‫ﺳﺎﺧﱳ ا‪T‬ﻦ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات ‬
  ‫- ﻣﮑﺎﻧﺰم ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻠﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎی ﺟﻠﻮﮔﺮی از ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ‬
                                                  ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ ‬
                     ‫- ﺑﺤﺚ آزاد و ﭘﺮﺳﺶ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ و ﺳﺨﻦ آﺧﺮ. ‬
                                                                 ‫  
	‬
‫•  ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
      ‫‐­-  
	ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  
	ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ  
	زﻣﺎﻧﻲ  
	ﺣﺎﻛﻢ  
	ﻣﻴﺸﻮد  
	ﻛﻪ  
	در  
	ﻳﻚ  
	ﻛﺸﻮر  
	ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ  
	ﻗﺎﻧﻮن  
	ﺑﺎ  
	ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻲ  
	‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ  
	ﺷﻮد.  
	در  
	ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ  
	ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  
	ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ  
	در  
	ﻋﺪم  
	ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﻳﺖ  
	ﻳﻚ  
	ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﺪاري  
	ﺳﺎﻟﻢ  
	رﺷﺪ  
	‬
                                                                                           ‫ﳕﻮده  
	و  
	ﺑﻪ  
	اوج  
	ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ.  
	‬
                                       ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ  
	داري  
	ﺧﻮب  
	ﻳﺎ  
	ﺳﺎﻟﻢ  
	داراي  
	ﭘﻨﺞ  
	وﻳﺰه  
	ﮔﻲ  
	ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ:  
	‬
                                                                                                                   ‫‐­-  
	ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻳﺖ  
	‬
                                                                                                   ‫‐­-  
	ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ  
	ﻗﺎﻧﻮن  
	‬
                                                                                                           ‫‐­-  
	ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﻫﻲ  
	‬
                                                                                                               ‫‐­-  
	ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ  
	‬
                                          ‫  
	‬                                                                        ‫‐­-  
	ﺗﻌﺎدل  
	  
	‬
     ‫ر‪T‬ﺸﻪ ‪T‬ﺎﺑﯽ ا‪T‬ﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻨﮓ و‬
         ‫‪T‬ﺎ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ در ﺣﺎل ﺟﻨﮓ و ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪ ﻫﺎي آن   
	‬
‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ‬
                                                                 ‫‬
                                     ‫ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﭼﺴﺖ:‌‬
    ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ؛ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از‬
‫اﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻓﺰﻳﻜﻲ اﻓﺮاد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ؛ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﳕﻮدن ﻣﺼﺆﻧﻴﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
     ‫ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮوﻗﺖ و ﻋﺎدﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﻪ اﻓﺮاد‬
           ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ و ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎي ﻋﺪﻟﻲ و ﻗﻀﺎﻳﻲ.‬
                                                               ‫‬
‫ﻫﺮﮔﺎه ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ‬
                          ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.‬
                                                          ‫  
	‬
‫‬
                                                                                             ‫‬
             ‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪات ﻣﻠﯽ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ‬
                    ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري ا.ا.ا.‬
                                                                                   ‫‬
         ‫ﻣﻮاد  
	۰٠۸٨‐­-۱١۷٧  
	  
	‐­-  
	وﻇﺎﻳﻒ  
	و  
	ﻣﺴﺆﻟﻴﺖ  
	ﻫﺎي  
	ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ  
	‬
                                                                                       ‫‬
‫ﻣﺎده ٤۳٣۱١ – ﻛﺸﻒ ﺟﺮاﱘ وﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﭘﻮﻟﻴﺲ و اﻗﺎﻣﻪ دﻋﻮي   
	‬
                                                          ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ  
	ﺛﺎرﻧﻮال  
	‬
                                                                                             ‫‬
                                                                                      ‫  
	‬
‫  
	‬
‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪات  
	ﺑﲔ  
	اﳌﻠﻠﻲ  
	ﻛﻪ  
	ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ  
	اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن  
	ﺑﻪ  
	آن  
	ﻣﻠﺤﻖ  
	ﺷﺪه:  
	‬
                                                                          ‫‪	
  	
  ICCPR‬‬
                                                                           ‫‪	
  CESCR‬‬
                                                                                  ‫‪	
  CERD‬‬
                                                                                       ‫‪	
  CAT‬‬
                                                                                       ‫‪	
  CRC‬‬
                                                                     ‫‪	
  CEDAW‬‬
‫‬
    ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﻜﺘﻮر اﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ در ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﱳ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات  
	‬
                                               ‫  
	‬
‫ﻗﻮاﻧﲔ  
	ﻧﺎﻓﺬه  
	ﻛﺸﻮر  
	وﻇﺎﻳﻒ  
	ﺳﻜﺘﻮر  
	اﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ  
	را  
	در  
	ﻋﺮﺻﻪ  
	ﻫﺎي  
	‬
                                                    ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ  
	روﺷﻦ  
	ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ  
	اﺳﺖ.  
	‬
                                                                                      ‫  
	‬
    ‫اﻣﺎ  
	ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ  
	ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  
	ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ  
	ﻳﻚ  
	ﭼﺎﻟﺶ  
	آﺷﻜﺎر  
	در  
	راﺳﺘﺎي  
	‬
                               ‫ﺑﻪ  
	ﲢﻘﻖ  
	رﺳﻴﺪن  
	ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ  
	ﻗﺎﻧﻮن  
	ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ.  
	  
	‬
‫ﺳﻬﻤﺪاران ﮐﯽ ﻫﺎ اﻧﺪ؟ ‬
                                         ‫‬
                       ‫ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎی اﻣﻨﺘﯽ‬
                                             ‫‬
             ‫ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎی ﻋﺪﻟﯽ و ﻗﻀﺎ‪T‬ﯽ‬
                                                 ‫‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ   
	‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﺮوﻫﺎی اﻣﻨﺘﯽ / ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﻮﻟﺲ در‬
  ‫ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﭘﺎ‪T‬ﺎن دادن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ و‬
                      ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ‬
                                                ‫‬
                                           ‫  
	‬
‫‬
     ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﺰم ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻠﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎی ﺟﻠﻮﮔﺮی از ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ‬
                                            ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ ‬
                                                                        ‫‬
                            ‫- ﮐﻤﺴﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ ‬
‫- راﭘﻮر ﻫﺎي ﺿﻤﻨﻲ ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻧﻲ در ﺑﺎره ﻧﻘﺾ ﻗﻮاﻧﲔ و‬
                                               ‫ﻋﺪم ﻣﺮاﻋﺎت آن ‬
     ‫- ژورﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰم ﲢﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ و ﻣﺴﻠﻜﻲ )ﻣﻠﻲ و ﺑﲔ اﳌﻠﻠﻲ(‬
                                                                            ‫‬
                     ‫ﲡﺎرب ﮐﺸﻮر ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻌﺪد در‪T‬ﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ‬
                                                               ‫  
	‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚ  
	آزاد  
	‬   ‫  
	‬
‫ﺳﺨﻦ  
	آﺧﺮ  
	  
	‬
                     ‫  
	‬
                     ‫  
	‬
                     ‫  
	‬
‫ﺑﺎ  
	ﺗﺸﻜﺮ  
	از  
	ﺗﻮﺟﻪ  
	ﺗﺎن  
	‬
                  ‫  
	‬

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Culture of Impunity

  • 1. ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ  و  ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ  آن  ﺑﺮ  اﻣﻨﯿﺖ  ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻤﯿﻦ  ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻨﺎر    از  ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ  ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻨﺎر  ﻫﺎی  اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ    ‬ ‫اور"!  اﺷﺮف  ﻧﻌﻤﺖ،  ﮐﺎﻧﺪﯾﺪ  دﮐﺘﺮ  ا  در  رﺷﺘﻪ  ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم  ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ  و  اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ  و  ﻓﻌﺎل  ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ  ﻣﺪﻧﻲ  ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺟﻮزای ۱١۹٩۳٣۱١، ﺑﺎﻣﯿﺎن  ‬ ‫  ‬
  • 2. ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ    ‬ ‫- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓ&ﺖ ﭼ&ﺴﺖ؟‌‬ ‫- ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ‬ ‫- ﺗﻌﻬﺪات ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﻦ اﳌﻠﻠﯽ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ‬ ‫- ﻣﺴﺆﻟﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻬﻤﺪاران ﺳﮑﺘﻮر اﻣﻨﺘﯽ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﱳ ا‪T‬ﻦ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات ‬ ‫- ﻣﮑﺎﻧﺰم ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻠﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎی ﺟﻠﻮﮔﺮی از ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ ‬ ‫- ﺑﺤﺚ آزاد و ﭘﺮﺳﺶ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ و ﺳﺨﻦ آﺧﺮ. ‬ ‫  ‬
  • 3. ‫•  ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫‐­-  ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ  زﻣﺎﻧﻲ  ﺣﺎﻛﻢ  ﻣﻴﺸﻮد  ﻛﻪ  در  ﻳﻚ  ﻛﺸﻮر  ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ  ﻗﺎﻧﻮن  ﺑﺎ  ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻲ  ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ  ﺷﻮد.  در  ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ  ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ  در  ﻋﺪم  ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﻳﺖ  ﻳﻚ  ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﺪاري  ﺳﺎﻟﻢ  رﺷﺪ  ‬ ‫ﳕﻮده  و  ﺑﻪ  اوج  ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ.  ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ  داري  ﺧﻮب  ﻳﺎ  ﺳﺎﻟﻢ  داراي  ﭘﻨﺞ  وﻳﺰه  ﮔﻲ  ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ:  ‬ ‫‐­-  ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻳﺖ  ‬ ‫‐­-  ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ  ﻗﺎﻧﻮن  ‬ ‫‐­-  ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﻫﻲ  ‬ ‫‐­-  ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ  ‬ ‫  ‬ ‫‐­-  ﺗﻌﺎدل    ‬ ‫ر‪T‬ﺸﻪ ‪T‬ﺎﺑﯽ ا‪T‬ﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻨﮓ و‬ ‫‪T‬ﺎ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ در ﺣﺎل ﺟﻨﮓ و ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪ ﻫﺎي آن   ‬
  • 4. ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ‬ ‫‬ ‫ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﭼﺴﺖ:‌‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ؛ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از‬ ‫اﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻓﺰﻳﻜﻲ اﻓﺮاد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ؛ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﳕﻮدن ﻣﺼﺆﻧﻴﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮوﻗﺖ و ﻋﺎدﻻﻧﻪ )ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﻪ اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ و ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎي ﻋﺪﻟﻲ و ﻗﻀﺎﻳﻲ.‬ ‫‬ ‫ﻫﺮﮔﺎه ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.‬ ‫  ‬
  • 5. ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪات ﻣﻠﯽ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري ا.ا.ا.‬ ‫‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد  ۰٠۸٨‐­-۱١۷٧    ‐­-  وﻇﺎﻳﻒ  و  ﻣﺴﺆﻟﻴﺖ  ﻫﺎي  ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ  ‬ ‫‬ ‫ﻣﺎده ٤۳٣۱١ – ﻛﺸﻒ ﺟﺮاﱘ وﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﭘﻮﻟﻴﺲ و اﻗﺎﻣﻪ دﻋﻮي   ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ  ﺛﺎرﻧﻮال  ‬ ‫‬ ‫  ‬
  • 6. ‫  ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪات  ﺑﲔ  اﳌﻠﻠﻲ  ﻛﻪ  ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ  اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن  ﺑﻪ  آن  ﻣﻠﺤﻖ  ﺷﺪه:  ‬ ‫‪    ICCPR‬‬ ‫‪  CESCR‬‬ ‫‪  CERD‬‬ ‫‪  CAT‬‬ ‫‪  CRC‬‬ ‫‪  CEDAW‬‬
  • 7. ‫‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﻜﺘﻮر اﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ در ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﱳ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات  ‬ ‫  ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﲔ  ﻧﺎﻓﺬه  ﻛﺸﻮر  وﻇﺎﻳﻒ  ﺳﻜﺘﻮر  اﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ  را  در  ﻋﺮﺻﻪ  ﻫﺎي  ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ  روﺷﻦ  ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ  اﺳﺖ.  ‬ ‫  ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ  ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ  ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ  ﻳﻚ  ﭼﺎﻟﺶ  آﺷﻜﺎر  در  راﺳﺘﺎي  ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ  ﲢﻘﻖ  رﺳﻴﺪن  ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ  ﻗﺎﻧﻮن  ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ.    ‬
  • 8. ‫ﺳﻬﻤﺪاران ﮐﯽ ﻫﺎ اﻧﺪ؟ ‬ ‫‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎی اﻣﻨﺘﯽ‬ ‫‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎی ﻋﺪﻟﯽ و ﻗﻀﺎ‪T‬ﯽ‬ ‫‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ   ‬
  • 9. ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﺮوﻫﺎی اﻣﻨﺘﯽ / ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﻮﻟﺲ در‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﭘﺎ‪T‬ﺎن دادن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ و‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ‬ ‫‬ ‫  ‬
  • 10. ‫‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﺰم ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻠﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎی ﺟﻠﻮﮔﺮی از ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺖ ‬ ‫‬ ‫- ﮐﻤﺴﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ ‬ ‫- راﭘﻮر ﻫﺎي ﺿﻤﻨﻲ ﻧﻬﺎد ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻧﻲ در ﺑﺎره ﻧﻘﺾ ﻗﻮاﻧﲔ و‬ ‫ﻋﺪم ﻣﺮاﻋﺎت آن ‬ ‫- ژورﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰم ﲢﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ و ﻣﺴﻠﻜﻲ )ﻣﻠﻲ و ﺑﲔ اﳌﻠﻠﻲ(‬ ‫‬ ‫ﲡﺎرب ﮐﺸﻮر ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻌﺪد در‪T‬ﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ‬ ‫  ‬
  • 12. ‫ﺳﺨﻦ  آﺧﺮ    ‬ ‫  ‬ ‫  ‬ ‫  ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ  ﺗﺸﻜﺮ  از  ﺗﻮﺟﻪ  ﺗﺎن  ‬ ‫  ‬