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Plesiochronous digital
1.
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Гүйцэтгэсэн: Г.Пүрэв-Ойдов Багш:
Б. Ууганбилэг Мэдээллийн Технологи - 3
2.
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
буюу Плезиохрон тоон шатлалын систем нь грек хэлнээс гаралтай бөгөөд Plesio гэдэг нь төстэй, ойролцоо гэсэн утгатай. Харин chronous нь хугацаа гэсэн утгатай 2 үгний нийлбэр юм. Плезиохрон нь 1960 – аад оны эхэн үеэс бий болсон бөгөөд синхрончлолын хувьд SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) синхрончлолыг гүйцэхгүй ба дээд шатны хурдуудад синхрончлол хийгдэггүй, зөвхөн доод шатны хурдууддаа синхрончлол хийгддэг систем юм.
3.
1950-аад оны сүүл
үе хүртэл телефон систем бүхэлдээ аналоги технологи байсан. Олон тооны ярианы сувгийн нягтруулгыг FDM (Frequency-division multiplexing) нягтруулга ашиглан хийдэг байсан. Ингэж нягтруулга хийхэд ярианы суваг бүрд хийгдэх модулятор, дэмодулятор, шүүлтүүр зэрэг нь илүү үнэтэй байсан учир илүү дэвшилтэт, үнэ өртөг багатай дамжууллын технологи хэрэгтэй байсан нь PDH юм. PDH-ийг бий болгохын тулд PCM (Pulse-code modulation) модуляцийг ашиглан анаологи ярианы сувгийг тоон дохионд шилжүүлэн 64Kbps хурдтай тоон суваг буюу DS0-ийг бий болгосон.
4.
Дараа нь T-Carrier
буюу T1 шугамаар TDM (Time-division multiplexing) нягтруулгын аргаар тоон сувгуудийг нягтруулсан. Үүнээс гадна E-Carrier буюу E1 шугам яг энэ зарчмаар бий болсон. T1-ийг Хойд Америк, Япон улсад хэрэглэн стандарт болсон байхад E1 нь Европын стандарт болсон байна. Ийнхүү PDH-ийн тоон урсгалууд болон T1, T2,T3...., E1, E2, E3, E4 бий болсон. Гэвч PDH нь сул талуудтай байсан бөгөөд эдгээрийг зассан шинэ дамжуулах систем бол SDH болсон. PDH-ийн төхөөрөмжүүд нь синхрончлолыг хангах зорилгоор төхөөрөмж болгон дээр clock буюу цаг байдаг бөгөөд энэхүү цаг нь сүлжээндээ яг адилхан байдаггүй.
5.
6.
PDH нь систем
хооронд харилцан холбогдоход хүндрэлтэй байдаг бөгөөд энэ нь дээд эрэмбийн дамжууллын хурдад шууд хандалт байдаггүй заавал demultiplex хийж дохиог задалсны дараа тухайн өгөгдлийг унших боломжтой. Мөн зөвхөн PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol) холбоонд ашиглагддаг. PDH-ийн дээд эрэмбийн тоон урсгалын фреймд хяналтын тэмдэгтүүд бага агуулагддаг нь нэмэлт хяналт, удирдлагыг зохион байгуулах шаардлага гардаг. T1 шугам нь ярианы 24 сувгаар бүрддэг. Суваг бүр нь 64Kbps. Нэг сувгийг 8 битээр буюу 1 byte-аар илэрхийлдэг. Ингээд харвал T1-ийн фрейм нь 24 фрейм болох ба demultiplex болон синхрончлолд зориулан 1 битийг нэмдэг. Өгөгдлийн 1 фрейм нь 125мкс байдаг. фреймийн хурдыг тооцоолбол:
7.
1секундэд 8000 фрейм
дамжуулагдана. Энэ нь 1/125мкс=8000 гэх ба 8000*(24*8+1)=1544kbps гэж гарна. Үүнийг DS1 гэдэг. Харин E1-ийг тооцоолоход нэмэлт 1 бит нэмэгддэггүй. Нэг E1-д 32 суваг агуулагдана. 2 суваг нь хяналт, синхрончлолын зориулалттай. 8000*(32*8)=2048кbps T1 ба E1 нь PDH-ийн нэгдүгээр шатны тоон урсгалын хурд юм. E1 гэдэг урсгал нь ерөнхийдөө стандарт болсон сувган холболт юм.
8.
Анхаарал тавьсанд баярлалаа.
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