Inflammation (from Latin: inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.

1. By
Nisha Vijayan
SJIPR

2. •Defined as the local response of living mammalian tissues to
injury due to any agent.
•It is a defense reaction in order to eliminate or limit the spread
of injurious agent followed by removal of damaged cells or
tissue.
•Agents causing Inflammation:
1. Infective Agents
2. Immunological Agents
3. Physical Agents
4. Chemical Agents
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Swelling or edema

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(VEGF)

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(Pavementing &
Margination)
(Transient bond b/w leucocytes
and endothelial cells)
Cytokines, Leukotriene B4

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12. •Defined as prolonged process in which tissue destruction and
inflammation occur at the same time.
•Caused by one of the following ways:
① Chronic inflammation following acute inflammation
② Recurrent attacks of acute inflammation
③ Chronic inflammation de novo
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13. 1. Fever
2. Anaemia
3. Leucocytosis
4. ESR
5. Amyloidosis (The build-
up of amyloid proteins
in the heart, kidneys,
liver or other organs.)
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14. ① NON-SPECIFIC: When the irritant substance produces
reaction with formation of granulation tissue and healing by
fibrosis. Eg. chronic ulcer
② SPECIFIC: When the injurious agent causes a characteristic
histologic tissue reponse. Eg. leprosy
• Granulation tissue: Granulation tissue is new connective tissue and
microscopic blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during
the healing process. Granulation tissue typically grows from the base of a
wound and is able to fill wounds of almost any size.
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15. •Healing is a body response to injury in an attempt to restore
normal structure and function.
•Involves 2 distinct processes:
1. Regeneration
2. Repair
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16. •Is a replacement of injured tissue by fibrous tissue.
•2 process involved:
1. Granulation tissue formation
 Phase of inflammation
 Phase of clearance
 phase of ingrowth of granulation
2. Contraction of wounds
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VEGF, PDGF Collagen fibres

18. Contraction of wounds
•Wound starts contracting after 2-3 days and is completed by
14th day.
•The wound is reduced to 80%
•Lesser surface area of injured tissue leads to rapid healing by
contraction.
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19. •Healing of skin wounds is an example of regeneration and
repair.
•Accomplished by 2 ways:
1. Healing by 1st intention (1° union)
2. Healing by 2nd intention (2° union)
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21. •Infection
•Implantation cyst
•Pigmentation
•Deficient scar formation
•Excessive contraction
•Neoplasia (A new growth of abnormal tissue that is often
uncontrolled and progressive.)
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