BSC Honours Report - Neil Leiper (0604623)

BSc Honours Project Report i
School of Computing Science and Digital Media
BSc Honours Project Report
Project Title: Providing Reliable Networks to remote
locations: Comparing technologies
Name: Neil Leiper
Course: Computer Network
Management and Design
Supervisor: Chris McDermott
Date: May 2014

BSc Honours Project Report ii
PROVIDING RELIABLE NETWORKS TO REMOTE
LOCATIONS: COMPARING TECHNOLOGIES
Neil Leiper (1904623)
May 2015
This report is submitted in partial fulfilment on the requirements for the
degree of BSc Honours in Computer Network Management and Design at The
Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen.

BSc Honours Project Report iii
DECLARATION
I confirm that the material presented in this report is my own work. Where
this is not the case, the source of material has been acknowledged.
All third-party trademarks are hereby acknowledged.
Signed
Neil Leiper
School of Computing Science and Digital Media
The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen
May 2015

BSc Honours Project Report iv
ABSTRACT
The current industrial market has evolved to process more data and larger
amounts of it via automated systems creating reports, server replication and
crew welfare systems. The oil and gas industry is no exception to these needs;
however problems can arise when attempting to transfer this data from static
vessels based near land, moving vessels or drilling platforms that are in the
middle of the ocean. This project will be a discussion on the best technologies
to use in various situations; however the project will also be based on cost and
practicality not just what provides the fastest connection thus emulating a
more realistic scenario.
Since the case study will be a reflection of a real life scenario the solutions
provided will be written in the format of how a network provider company
would provision the network.

BSc Honours Project Report v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am grateful to my family and friends for the support I have received at my
time at University.
I am also grateful to RigNet for the help I received with the equipment
included in this report.

BSc Honours Project Report vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROVIDING RELIABLE NETWORKS TO REMOTE LOCATIONS: COMPARING
TECHNOLOGIES.........................................................................................................................................................II
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................................IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................V
TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................................................VI
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................................VIII
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................................................IX
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND/OR ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................X
1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................1
2 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................3
2.1 THE CLIENT......................................................................................................................................................3
2.2 CLIENT REQUESTS.........................................................................................................................................3
2.2.1 Bay Specifications ..........................................................................................................................4
2.2.2 Operational Specifications.........................................................................................................5
2.2.3 Bay of Invergordon .......................................................................................................................6
3 USABLE TECHNOLOGIES ..........................................................................................................................8
3.1 OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE..................................................................................................................................8
3.1.1 Single Mode Fibre...........................................................................................................................9
3.1.2 Multi-Mode Fibre ...........................................................................................................................10
3.1.3 Affecting Factors...........................................................................................................................10
3.2 VERY-SMALL-APERTURE TERMINAL (VSAT).......................................................................................11
3.2.1 Modulation ........................................................................................................................................12
3.2.2 Satellites ............................................................................................................................................13
3.2.3 Costs ....................................................................................................................................................15
3.3 MICROWAVE LINE OF SIGHT (LOS).......................................................................................................17
3.3.1 Health Risks .....................................................................................................................................19
3.3.2 Microwave Transmissions ........................................................................................................19
3.3.3 Costing ................................................................................................................................................20
4 COMPARISSON...............................................................................................................................................23
4.1 INVERGORDON REFIT.....................................................................................................................................23
4.1.1 Bandwidth..................................................................................................................................................23
4.1.2 Cost efficiency ...........................................................................................................................................24
4.1.3 Portability..................................................................................................................................................26
4.1.4 Performance ..............................................................................................................................................26
4.1.5 Final Summary..........................................................................................................................................27
4.2 AFRICAN WATERS..........................................................................................................................................28
5 NETWORK INTEGRATION .....................................................................................................................29
5.1 INVERGORDON LOS .......................................................................................................................................29

BSc Honours Project Report vii
5.2 AFRICA VSAT ................................................................................................................................................33
6 DISCUSSION....................................................................................................................................................37
7 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................................39
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................................................40
FIGURES........................................................................................................................................................................41
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................................................43
APPENDIX A TITLE......................................................................................................................................................44
APPENDIX B...............................................................................................................................................................61
APPENDIX B TITLE......................................................................................................................................................61

BSc Honours Project Report viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 in Chapter 2.2 Figure 2.1 - Google Maps Image of the bay
Figure 2.2 in Chapter 2.2 Figure 1.2 - Google Maps Image of the Port
Figure 2.3 in Chapter 2.2 Figure 2.3 – Distance from POP to Basin
Figure 3.1 in Chapter 3.1 Figure 3.1 – Fibre Cable Insides
Figure 3.2 in Chapter 3.2 Figure 3.2 – VSAT System workings
Figure 3.3 in Chapter 3.2 Figure 3.3 – BPSK Example
Figure 3.4 in Chapter 3.2 Figure 3.4 – SES4 Footprint
Figure 3.5 in Chapter 3.2 Figure 3.5 – O3B Coverage
Figure 3.6 in Chapter 3.2 Figure 3.6 – Point to Point
Figure 3.7 in Chapter 3.2 Figure 3.7 – Point to Multipoint
Figure 3.8 in Chapter 3.2 Figure 3.8 – Microwaves on the EM Spectrum
Figure 4.1 in Chapter 4.1 Figure 4.1– Fibre link of 150miles
Figure 4.2 in Chapter 4.2 Figure 4.2– VSAT Link
Figure 5.1 in Chapter 5.1 Figure 5.1– Network Diagram LOS
Figure 5.2 in Chapter 5.1 Figure 5.2– Redline Homepage
Figure 5.3 in Chapter 5.1 Figure 5.3– Redline System Status
Figure 5.4 in Chapter 5.1 Figure 5.4– Packet Transfer Redline
Figure 5.5 in Chapter 5.2 Figure 5.5– Modify Configuration iDirect
Figure 5.6 in Chapter 5.2 Figure 5.6– IP Configuration iDirect
Figure 5.7 in Chapter 5.2 Figure 5.7– Setting Frequencies
Figure 1 in Appendix B Figure Appendix B 1 – Redline Base unit
Figure 2 in Appendix B Figure Appendix B 2 – Redline Subscriber
Figure 3 in Appendix B Figure Appendix B 3 – Redline Subscriber point to base
Figure 4 in Appendix B Figure Appendix B 4 – Project Gant Chart

BSc Honours Project Report ix
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 in Chapter 2.2.1(Table 2.1 In the Bay Specifications)
Table 2.2 in Chapter 2.2.2(Table 2.2 Operational Specifications)
Table 3.1 in Chapter 3.1 (Table 3.1 Fibre Vs Copper)
Table 3.2 in Chapter 3.3 (Table 3.2 Redline Costing Base stations)
Table 3.2 in Chapter 3.3 (Table 3.2 Redline Costing Remotes)
Table 4.1 in Chapter 4.1 (Table 4.1 Equipment Deployed)

BSc Honours Project Report x
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND/OR ABBREVIATIONS
3rd
Party Operators on the vessel that pay OIL&CO for access
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
BUC Block Up Converter
EM –Spectrum Electromagnetic spectrum
GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit
Gbit/s Gigabits per second
LAN Local Area Network
LOS Line OF Sight
Mbit/s Megabits per second
POE Power Over Ethernet
POP Point Of Presence
PSK Phase Shift Keying
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
SFP Module Small Form-factor Pluggable transceivers
VRF Virtual Forwarding and Routing
VSAT Very-Small-Aperture Terminal
WAN Wide Area Network

BSc Honours Project Report 1
1 INTRODUCTION
This project will feature a single case study that has been created to allow the
discussion of “which technology is best for X scenario.” After this short
introduction the report will outlay the primary needs of the case study which
will be referred to in this report from here on as the “Project.” In this section
the project will be broken down into its main components and the “client’s”
requests will be outlined to reflect the needs of an offshore working
environment.
The next section of the report will focus on the technologies available to
provide the client with the required connections and pros and cons of each
technology. This will feature such things as;
 Bandwidths
 Cost*
 General Practicality
 Reliability
 Equipment required
 Workings of the Technology
*The reader may note however that since this project is based on a Network Provider creating the solution it
is viable that the infrastructure needed for some of these technologies will already be in place and will be
excluded from the cost aspect.
The fourth section of the report will include a direct comparison of which
technology is best for which situation; this will be using the findings
researched in the third chapter.
The fifth chapter will include the practical setup of the technologies in the
individual roll they are to cater for. This will include the setup for each of the
systems that have been chosen as well as configuration for connected network
equipment each technology could be fully utilised to provide network
connectivity whenever/however the client requires it.

After the main body of the report there will be a discussion. This will be a
critical reflection on the main body of the report, in which highlighting how the
report’s findings compared against expected results as well as ensuring the
points brought up in the main body of the report are correct and factual will be
the main focus.
The last written section of the report will be the conclusion, this will be a
personal reflection on the report ensuring that the reasoning behind the
choices made in the report are clear and the reader will be able to see how the
choices were made. This section will also provide an overview and end point to
the written portion of the report.

2 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
As shown in the introduction to the report this section will contain the
specifications of the project in the form of a client request for communications.
2.1 The Client
The client’s requests will be a recreation of the average networking needs of
an upstream Oil and Gas company operating within the North Sea region of
Scotland.
“The upstream sector is used to refer to the search for, followed by the
recovery and production of, crude oil and natural gas. This sector is also
widely known as the exploration and production (E&P) sector. Stages within
the upstream petroleum-product industry include the search for underground
or underwater oil and gas fields, the drilling of exploratory wells and, if the
wells are deemed economically viable and recoverable, the operation of wells
that bring crude oil and raw natural gas to the well’s surface.”
Attack-A-Market. (Unknown). 1
I have chosen this section of the industry as it is the most mobile with oil rigs
that require travelling around the globe or even within the field therefore
providing a greater scope for technologies to discuss.
The client will be named OIL&CO this is not reflective of a real oil company
and requests are a fictitious example of an average request.
2.2 Client Requests
With the current economic downturn in North Sea Oil and natural Gas OIL&CO
have decided to use the opportunity to refit their aging fleet. Their fleet
contains 6 vessels and each will be individually returning to the bay in
Invergordon Scotland for refit taking an estimated time of 4 months each. The
Network is currently provided by another company so all currently active
vessels will not be included until they are refitted, however once refitted

OIL&CO wishes to move the vessels to West African waters as that area has
not been as affected by the downturn.
During the time that the vessels are in the dock they will be operating on
minimal crew with no drilling operators on board. Drilling operators will be
referred to a 3rd
Party from this point in the report, 3rd
Party companies are
companies that use the services of the platform provider (in this case
OIL&CO). These companies normally require a separation in their network
however this will be covered in detail later in the report.
While the vessels are in the bay they are required to have three networks one
crew welfare that operates to provide internet access to all crew devices on
board, the second network is a corporate connection and the third is a voice
network which is required to be active at all times.
The vessels that are still out in the open sea require the same network
connectivity plus internet access for a 3rd
Party. All four of these networks will
be routed to an “internet breakout” located in London.
2.2.1 Bay Specifications
Note normally the client would request a certain amount of bandwidth for each
system however since this report is based on having a comparison of
technologies the request shown is not an exact figure it is an approximation of
what the client would like to have split. The specification in the bay is for
prioritising crew welfare whilst operational specifications are to cater for
corporate usage.
Cont/

Table 2.1 In the Bay Specifications
Network Bandwidth
Required
Amount of use and
Priority
Amount of users
Voice Low Low Use, High
priority
10 phones available
on vessels
Corporate Medium Medium Use, low 15 (day)
10 (night)
Crew Welfare Medium High Use, High 30 (day)
30 (night)
2.2.2 Operational Specifications
Table 2.2 Operational Specifications
Network Bandwidth
Allocated
Amount of use and
Priority
Amount of users
Voice Low Low Use, High
priority
10 phones available
on vessels
Corporate High Medium Use, High
Priority
15 (day)
10 (night)
Crew Welfare Medium High Use, Low
Priority
50 (day)
50 (night)
3rd
Party Corporate High Medium Use, High
Priority
10 (day)
10 (night)

2.2.3 Bay of Invergordon
Figure 2.1 - Google Maps Image of the Bay
The red circle highlights the Dock of Invergordon.
Figure 2.2 - Google Maps Image of the Port
Note the red square is the location the Vessel will be positioned when refit is
commencing, the blue square is the location for the point of presence the
Network Provider has in the area.

Figure 2.3 - Distance from POP to Basin
The distance in a straight line between the point of presence and the basin
where the vessel can be refit is 558.36m in accordance with google maps
distance measurement tool.

3 USABLE TECHNOLOGIES
In this section of the report the technologies most readily available for the
clients requested setups will be discussed.
3.1 Optical Fibre Cable
With high bandwidth and low latency and this is the optimum choice when
creating a backbone connection to most networks, most homes in built up
area’s and offices now have an Optical Fibre interconnect. All that is needed to
connect Fibre into the network is an Ethernet switch that has the capability to
house Small Form-factor Pluggable transceivers (SFP Modules). Switches like
the Cisco 3750X-24T-L will allow the connection of SFP modules.
Optical fibre uses glass or plastic threads to transmit modulated light waves
which give a high advantage over conventional metal, shown below in figure
3.1 is what a single Optical Fibre thread looks like from on the inside:
Figure 3.1 Fibre Cable insides
The main cable itself will be made up of hundreds or thousands of these
threads which are then covered by another layer called the “jacket.” This layer
provides the protective edge towards of the cable, however with the fibres

being so small and especially when they are made of glass the cable is very
susceptible to damage.
However the benefits of running fibre over a standard copper wire run are
substantial as shown in the below table:
Table 3.1 Fibre Cable Vs Copper
Cable Type Network Max Cable
Length
(meters)
Max Data
Rates
(Gb)
CAT 5E 10/100/1000 BASE-T 100m 1Gb
CAT 6 10/100/1000 BASE-T
10Gig BASET
100m
50m
1Gb
10GB
CAT 6A 10/100/1000/10Gb BASE-T 100m 10Gb
Single Mode Fibre 100GBASE-LR4 10000m 100Gb
Multi-Mode Fibre 1000Base-LX
10GBASE-LX4
40GBASE-SR4
100GBASE-SR10
550m
300m
125m
125m
1Gb
10Gb
40Gb
100Gb
In the table two types of Fibre are highlighted Single Mode Fibre and Multi-
mode Fibre, the differences in these cables are related to how much fibre you
need to run.
3.1.1 Single Mode Fibre
“Single-mode fibers have small cores (about 3.5 x 10-4
inches or 9 microns in
diameter) and transmit infrared laser light (wavelength = 1,300 to 1,550
nanometers).”
Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D.. (). 2
Due to the fact that single mode has such small cores it allows only a single
mode of light to pass through this means that the number of reflections in the
fibre is decreased therefor decreasing the signal loss (attenuation) on the link,
the lower the attenuation the longer distances the cable can run for.

Single mode fibre is more commonly used in long run applications for example
Telecommunications or if a direct link was needed over a long distance
between two offices. It is also used to connect oil and gas platforms in the
North Sea, however for the platforms to use this technology they require to be
hooked up and static within range of the fibre interconnect.
Single mode fibre is priced between £3 - £10 a meter depending on lengths
and providers.
3.1.2 Multi-Mode Fibre
“Multi-mode fibers have larger cores (about 2.5 x 10-3
inches or 62.5 microns
in diameter) and transmit infrared light (wavelength = 850 to 1,300 nm) from
light-emitting diodes (LEDs).”
Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D.. (). 3
Multi-mode fibre has a larger diameter core than the single mode which allows
multiple modes of light to be used; this in turn allows more data to be passed
through the cable but does increase attenuation at longer ranges.
Multi-mode fibre uses and Light Emitting Diode (LED) transmitter instead of a
laser such as in single mode.
Multi-mode fibre is commonly used in local area Network (LAN) environments
due to its high bandwidth and low latency of short distances; although in
reference to Table 3.1 it is noticeable that the shortest maximum run of fibre
is still longer than the longest run of the best CAT6 cable.
Multi-mode fibre pricing at the time of writing costs from £0.59 to £2.18 per
meter depending on cable type and bulk buy.
3.1.3 Affecting Factors
Optical fibre cables are generally not effected by any electrical crosstalk
caused by being laid next to copper cables, however the cables themselves re
very fragile and unable to be manipulated in the way that a conventional
copper cable would be able to.

The simplest of fracture or a small piece of dirt in the core can cause that
section of the cable to be rendered useless and needing to be replaced. To
prevent this strong armoured jacket is usually covers the core. The cable will
normally be laid either away from high traffic areas or with sufficient
protection.
3.2 Very-Small-Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
Very-Small-Aperture Terminal or VSAT systems are the best way to provide
communications to any location on earth and technically out width the planet
too.
Shown below for reference is a basic diagram of VSAT system workings;
Figure 3.2 - VSAT System workings
A VSAT system works by modifying a digital signal passed from a router into a
Radio Frequency wave, this is then shot up to a satellite which re-amplifies the
signal and shoots it back down into its footprint. The receiving antenna is then
able to capture the signal and pass it onto the modem on the remote side; the
signal is reconverted back into a digital signal and passed onto the network for
processing.

3.2.1 Modulation
“Digital signals are modulated in order to take full advantage of existing
circuitry such as telephone lines, and also to increase the data rate.
Modulation can be defined as the changing of the carrier wave in sympathy
with an information signal, or digital data in this case. Different modulation
schemes are utilized in order to convert the digital data stream into analog RF
symbols. There are several different methods which can be utilized to convert
data bit to an RF symbol”
iDirect. (01/06/09). 4
Modulation in terms of VSAT communications is the art of adding a digital
signal onto what is called a carrier wave (RF Wave), this modulation allows the
signal to be transmitted through the air at great distances.
To enable this it is required to use a form of Phase Shift Keying (PSK), it is
called Phase Shift Keying as the carrier is modified to change its offset in one
direction to simulate data. Shown below is a drawing replicating the simplest
form of PSK which is Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK).
Figure 3.3 - BPSK Example
BPSK uses only two states to modulate data, on the carrier these states
will be reflected 180 degree’s from each other, this being the simplest
form of modulation is also the most reliable. If the signal is weak or
there is a high amount of noise it will still be able to differentiate
between the two main states, however this also means that the signal
technically has less bandwidth availability which means less data will
get across the link. If the carrier is strong with low amount of

interference (noise) then higher modulation settings are available to
allow a greater amount of data to be sent over the link.
Quadrature PSK (QPSK):
4 states of modulation each separated by 90 degrees
8 PSK (8PSK)
8 phases of modulation separated by 45 degrees
16 PSK (16PSK)
16 phases of modulation separated by 22.5 degree’s
3.2.2 Satellites
Normally communications satellites are in a geostationary earth orbit (GEO),
geostationary means that they are 35,786 kilometres above the earth’s
equator. This orbit allows them to sit in a relative position to the earth to
appear almost stationary, being a stationary platform ensures that constant
communications can be kept as unless the signal is physically blocked from
earth there will be no interruption.
Although an earth station will attempt to point directly at a satellite in order to
get the best signal the satellite itself does not operated by directly pointing
back at the signal. Instead it will operate using what is called a footprint.
Shown below is an example footprint from a satellite that covers Europe and
Africa and to a lesser extent North and South America.
Cont.

Figure 3.4- SES4 Coverage
This example is using a satellite owned by SES, the diagram shows the
darkest coloured areas receiving the best signal and then it gradually phases
out to lower signal strength until there is no coverage available.
Due to the physical distance of these satellites it’s almost impossible to receive
a low latency link and an average latency for these systems is around 500-
700ms. Generally a provider will rent a set amount of frequencies from the
satellite providers known as a “Space Segment” they are expensive and
normally sold in terms of bandwidth in the Megabytes.
There is also recently become availability for low earth orbit satellites, these
have a much lower orbit. These will orbit the earth at around 160km –
2000km, at its highest available height of 2000km its still almost 18 times
closer to the planet that the geostationary system.
Cont.

The big difference is these systems require two tracking ground antennas on
the customer site also this style of system is only available to certain regions
due to how close they are to the planet.
Figure 3.5 O3B coverage map
Since the satellites are physically much closer this allows much higher
bandwidths with much lower latency but requires a significant investment in
equipment such as the two tracking antennas, specialised earth station rental
that can track the low satellites and a certain amount of minimum bandwidth.
This puts the commercial price almost twice that of conventional VSAT
technologies however since it can run over twice the speed.
3.2.3 Costs
VSAT systems are very expensive even compared to running a point to point
fibre run. Due to the companies that own the satellites requiring recouping
some of their build cost and then their maintenance costs per year. (Note the
quote refers to the earth station as a hub)
“A satellite costs $300 million to build, launch and operate and has 15
transponders. Over 10 years the cost is then $2 million per annum per
transponder.
One transponder is leased and used to provide a high power 34 Mbit/s outlink
carrier (hub to remotes). Cost = $2,000,000 per annum

One quarter of another transponder is leased to provide a low power high
sensitivity return link capacity (remotes to hub). Cost = $500,000 per annum”
Satsig. (30/04/2007).
The above quote show’s how expensive it is for satellites to be launched and
maintained so the rental prices for segment usually reflect this, although it is
different per satellite and per company it can cost whoever is renting $3000 –
4000 (£1999.71 – 2666.28) per Mbit/s per month. This costing is purely for
business rates and does not reflect the typical home satellite installation.
Home Satellites “Broadband” is sold to the network provider in much higher
segment rates up to Gb’s worth of segment at a time and normally those
satellites have a much smaller more focused footprint, this allows the saving
to be passed on to the customer and a much higher data rate.
Although the system is expensive for companies it is the best and sometimes
the only way to receive communications in area’s which would otherwise be
dead zones such as the middle of the ocean.
Due to the nature of where these systems are normally located there are
multiple factors which can disrupt communications;
Blockage
This is when an object is physically in the way of the system and prevents the
antenna from communicating with the satellite.
Rain Fade
Harsh weather can also cause interference and blockages due to the signal not
being able to break through the weather.
Interference
When other systems and transmitting on similar or the same frequency it will
cause some interference to the original signal or cause it to be jammed.

With the exception of blockages, the usage of different levels of modulation
are utilised to combat the effects of weather and general interference a
modem will normally automatically scale down its modulation as its received
signal becomes worse.
3.3 Microwave Line of Sight (LOS)
Microwave Line of sight (LOS) systems are a popular method of transmitting
data over two points without the need for laying a cable. This type of system
can be used in two modes;
Point to Point
These links are directly pointed to each other’s antennas and directly link the
two networks. LOS systems can range up to 80Km so long as the remote can
see the base station.
These antennas can usually be plugged directly into the network and work
with Power over Ethernet (POE); this means they draw power from the switch
they are currently plugged into.
In this type of setup there is a single base station and a single subscriber unit
(Remote), shown below is an example of point to point system being used to
monitor a camera system.
Figure 3.6 - Point to Point

These types of systems are used within companies that have offices within
range of each other but don’t want to run a cable. These systems will normally
be placed at the office locations on the side of the building or on a small
antenna if there is an obstruction.
Point to Multipoint
These links are slightly different in setup to a Point to Multipoint as they
normally have a singular base station featuring multiple antennas and multiple
remotes. These systems usually cover a large area allowing remote systems to
move around and still maintain connection to the network.
The base station will normally be as high up as possible on a mast to allow the
greatest rage for the remote units. Shown below is a representation of how a
point to multipoint system can work, note that the remote units could also be
mobile.
Figure 3.7 - Point to Multipoint
Point to Multipoint systems is also how mobile phones use data systems with
4G networks.

3.3.1 Health Risks
It is a common misconception that the microwaves emitted by a point to
multipoint system are highly dangerous to those who are within the footprint.
“Studies have shown that environmental levels of RF energy routinely
encountered by the general public are typically far below levels necessary to
produce significant heating and increased body temperature”
The Federal Communications Commission .(25/06/2012). 6
Standing directly in front of a broadcasting antenna may cause discomfort due
to the heating of body tissue the antennas operate well within the legal
regulated boundaries and are normally turned off when they are to be
operated on or near. Shown in the figure below is where Microwaves sit on the
Electromagnetic spectrum (EM –Spectrum):
Figure 3.8 - Microwaves on the EM Spectrum
3.3.2 Microwave Transmissions
“A microwave is an electromagnetic wave with a very short wavelength,
between .039 inches (1 millimeter) and 1 foot (30 centimeters). Within the
electromagnetic spectrum, microwaves can be found between radio waves and
shorter infrared waves. Their short wavelengths make microwaves ideal for

use in radio and television broadcasting. They can transmit along a vast range
of frequencies without causing signal interference or overlap.”
Scienceclarified. (2015) 7
Microwave transmissions are normally higher frequency radio transmissions
therefor allowing for higher data rates however with their low wavelength
means they are unable to transmit around objects. This means that manmade
and natural objects will block the signal. This must be taken into account when
planning construction of a line of sight link.
Although a point to point link will generally be a directed signal a point to
multipoint system will use a footprint much like shown earlier in the report in
Figure 3.4, the footprint size will depend on the height of the antenna and the
frequency level it is running at. The higher frequency they larger the coverage
range.
3.3.3 Costing
Line of sight systems much like all systems have a very varied price range
from the smaller systems for public use being in the region of £50 - £200 per
unit all the way up to larger more complex systems that are providing 80Km
worth of coverage.
The systems that will be used as a comparison point in this report are
provided by Redline antennas Oil and Gas market. These are shipped by a
resale vender known as EPS and the costing was accurate at the time of
writing the report (25/04/2015).

Table 3.2 - Redline Costing Base Stations
Product Bandwidth
(licence based)
Unit Type Unit Price
RDL3000 CP Ellipse 100Mbps Point to
Multipoint
$22,548.00 USD
(£14846.91)
eLTE-MT XP 4Mbps Point to Point $1,592.00 USD
(£1048.27)
(£1260.30)
(£1522.35)
Table 3.3 - Redline Costing Remotes
Product Bandwidth
(licence based)
Unit Type Unit Price
Enterprise XP 12Mbps Point to Point $1219.00 USD
(£802.66)
Enterprise XP 36Mbps Point to Point $1432.00 USD
(£942.91)
Enterprise XP 100Mbps Point to Point $ 1672.00 USD
(£1100.94)
Enterprise XP RAS-Elite 4Mbps Point to
Multipoint
$ 6392.00 USD
(£4208.86)
Multipoint
$ 6792.00 USD
(£4472.25)
Multipoint
$ 11192.00 USD
(£7369.46)
Line of sight systems are affected in the same way that a VSAT system would
be environments that have heavy rain/storms or snow can cause interference
to the signal, the methods of correction are similar to VSAT also in that the

device will change the signal modulation to better suit the data rate. It is also
necessary to make sure the system is securely mounted as any knocks or wind
may push it out of place and in the case of point to multipoint this could cause
the link to become weak or even fail.
Blockages in LOS systems are a very common problem as sometimes it will be
unknown the system is in operation and someone will put an object in front of
the system. This can be especially problematic in cities when construction
takes place and cranes and eventually a whole building is placed in the way of
the link.

4 COMPARISSON
As was highlighted earlier in the report this project will be split into two main
proposals allowing the highlighting of technologies in specific circumstances,
how they compare to each other and then ultimately which one would be the
better system setup for the task.
See chapter 2.2 for more details on the clients requested setup.
4.1 InvergordonRefit
The site will be static located in the dock highlighted in figure 2.2, as
mentioned earlier in the report the network provider has access in the port.
This will then be routed to the internet breakout via a 100MB fibre link which
is routed to the provider’s global network.
Before the final proposals are made regarding how the network is setup the
three technologies will be broken down and compared directly to each other,
they will be measured on these factors;
 Bandwidth
 Cost efficiency
 Portability
 Performance
The final choice will then be highlighted and in the next section the
configuration and build will be shown.
4.1.1 Bandwidth
The crew will be requiring access to the internet for corporate emails as well
as general internet browsing during the 4month re-fit process, OIL&CO have

determined that they will pay for the full 100Mb available at the port to be
dedicated to their system.
Although Fibre would normally be the clear winner in this scenario the port
only has access to a 100Mb interconnection, so the gigabit speeds available
over a fibre link would not be of any use to the site at this time.
Geostationary VSAT systems would normally be providing service of around 2-
4Mb’s maximum however a Low earth orbit system would be able to provide a
larger amount of bandwidth that could provide a more usable system.
A line of sight system would be available to cover 100Mb bandwidth (see table
3.2 and 3.3) if the highest tier licence was to be purchased. This amount of
bandwidth would be available in either point to point or point to multipoint.
4.1.2 Cost efficiency
The system cost consists of multiple factors; the equipment and construction
cost, the cost of licences (LOS) or bandwidth (VSAT) and the reuse of the
system for the next vessel coming onto the site. The site will feature as
standard;
Table 4.1 - Equipment deployed
Equipment Type Cost (avg)
Cisco 2911 Router £2000
Cisco 3750X-24T-L Switch £3000
cisco air-cap1602i-e-k9
x2
Wireless Access Point £250
Total £5550
The length of the run (see Figure 2.3) would be over the distance usable to
multimode fibre unless a secondary switch was added into the gate yard
building of the port. However only one single mode cable would be needed to
reach this distance which would save those costs and leave less equipment to

be recovered after the refits are completed. Due to the fact that the fibre
cannot run over that direct route and would need to be added into the ducting
available and then run up to the Rig itself it is necessary to add another 500
meters of cable to allow for spares thus meaning 1km (1000m)of single mode
cable would need to be acquired.
In reference to the prices mentioned in chapter 3.1.1 it would cost a minimum
of $3000 for the cable alone. The cost of a single mode SFP module at the
time of writing the report was £70 and two would be required for each end of
the link. Any of these cables that are external would also need to be armoured
or have an extra protective coat to shield them from the elements.
Although VSAT may seem like it would be a waste at £2000 per month
minimum for data the if the system was chosen to support the vessel in Africa
it will can be installed onto the vessel during its re-fit period, this would mean
that this system would be installed and made live negating the other two
technologies thus saving money. A full satellite installation with antenna and
cables will cost a significant amount of money;
“Auto-pointing VSAT systems can range in price from $20,000 to $200,000
depending upon the type of system deployed. A trained technician is required
for VSAT installations, so you will have additional costs with VSAT for initial
fixed site installations.”
Network Innovations.( April 26, 2012). 8
The satellite dishes installed on a vessel at sea differ greatly from the home
installation as they are normally ruggedized, fitted with a GPS tracker and
have the ability to lock on to a satellite and follow it whilst the rig moves. They
are also normally within 2-5 meters in size so are significantly bigger than a
home installation dish.
A line of Sight System will be able to connect directly into the equipment being
provided for the system already as with Fibre connecting, however the big
difference is all these systems need is to be mounted onto the side of the

building and the site, the only extra cost would be to create a bracket capable
of holding the system.
4.1.3 Portability
This is an important factor considering the short amount of time the vessel will
be in the dockyard and how many vessels will be coming into refit over time.
The fibre systems would be able to be easily unplugged and plugged into the
system of the next vessel that comes into refit however since these systems
are fragile it would eventually require some maintenance with all of the
movement.
The VSAT systems would be securely attached to the vessel and would not be
removed at any time, even during the time that the vessel is moving to
African waters.
Similar to the fibre connection the Line of sight systems could be setup and
removed from the vessel once it is prepped to move however these are
ruggedized systems meaning that they are hardened to the elements and are
designed to be moved around.
4.1.4 Performance
The highest performing technology is by far the fibre optic system with speeds
exceeding 1Gbps (see table 3.1) this is also an uninterrupted performance by
factors such as weather due to being underground for the most part and
blockages unless the cable is physically cut. Average latency’s on fibre optic
links can be in the 20-40ms range even over a large distance.
For example shown in the diagram below is a ping between two sides of a 150
mile stretch of fibre optic cable: (due to the sensitive nature of the link I cannot include
the IP addresses of any of the tests on currently live equipment. All equipment is provided by
RigNet)

Figure 2.1 Fibre link of 150miles
VSAT systems have an average latency of 500 – 700ms and normally a low
bandwidth, the below example is response time for a vessel located in the
North Sea. However these systems can also work with this latency whilst the
vessel is in transit in the middle of the ocean.
Figure 4.2 VSAT Link
Line of sight systems can operate within the 1ms – 60ms range; this depends
on factors such as distance and frequency. Point to multi-points is able to
maintain communications whilst the device is on the move however due to the
need for relocation sometimes latency can suffer.
4.1.5 Final Summary
For the Invergordon system it would be highly advisable to use a line of sight
antenna system, since only one vessel will be in the dock at one time it would
be possible to use a point to point system with the base station being located
at the network provider’s point of presence in the area (see figure 2.2).
This would be the cheapest system to install and still has a performance
availability to match the leased line speed the provider already has setup.
There is also the possibility to leave the antenna on the vessel for any time
that it returns to the bay. It does not leave room for bandwidth expansion

however since the vessel is non-operational during the refit it is doubtful they
will require a high bandwidth link.
4.2 African Waters
The comparison will be slightly different for this section as the requirements
depend more on being able to have communications rather than having fast
communications.
The vessels location once in African waters is currently unknown meaning that
a fibre cable run while not impossible would be extremely costly and possibly a
complete waste if they are not in range to tag on to the line.
This leaves the only two practical solutions being the VSAT or a line of sight.
The main factor for this build is keeping constant communications during rig
moves and drilling operations. It would be advisable in this circumstance to
use a VSAT system; this would allow constant connection wherever the vessel
is located in the ocean. As is visible from the coverage map in figure 3.4 the
strongest coverage area’s for that particular satellite are in the West African
region.
The main choice would be to go with a conventional geostationary system or
the higher performance low orbit systems. Due to the spacing of the vessels
refit timeframe it would be a waste of money to have the low orbit systems
installed as it will take 24 months for all of the vessels to come online meaning
that the high available bandwidth would be shared among only a few vessels
that wouldn’t require that high a bandwidth to operate.

5 NETWORK INTEGRATION
This section of the report will focus on how each of the compared systems will
be deployed in their specific scenarios. Starting with the Invergordon Point to
Point LoS and then moving onto how to setup the VSAT link for the West Africa
Deployment.
5.1 InvergordonLoS
Shown below is a network diagram created using Microsoft Viso that represents the setup
that is going to be used for this network:
Figure 3.1 - Network Diagram LOS
The LAN (local Area Network) will use a simple router on a stick thus allowing
the splitting of each of the required networks(see table 2.1), with the WAN
(Wide Area Network) being the link between the two line of sites. This will be
achieved using a default route from the LAN to the Main office and a static
route to the Main office to the LAN. This will then be routed through the
Network provider’s backhaul and broken out to the internet.

The routing for corporate data and Crew welfare will be done via Virtual
Routing and Forwarding (VRF’s) this allows the networks routing to be
separated whilst being routed through to the Network Providers backhaul.
“Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) is an IP technology that allows multiple
instances of a routing table to coexist on the same router at the same time.
Because the routing instances are independent, the same or overlapping IP
addresses can be used without conflict. "VRF" is also used to refer to a routing
table instance that can exist in one or multiple instances per each VPN on a
Provider Edge (PE) router.”
Cisco.(1/2/2010).
Shown in appendix A is the running configuration of the two cisco devices the
2911 router and the 3750 switch. The configuration on the other side of the
WAN is similar to the LAN configuration with the exception that it uses a set of
static routes to route information to the site.
The next setup requires the setup of the two Line Of Sight devices; this is
accomplished via a web interface which can be connected to providing that the
user’s PC is located on the same network. See below figure 5.2 for the
homepage.
Figure 5.2 - Redline Home page

The settings page for the Base and the subscriber systems are both exactly
the same all that is required for configuration of these devices in the most
basic mode is to set a frequency this is done via the “Wireless > frequency”
tab and once saved will show in system status like the below figure;
Figure 5.3 Redline System Status
For the test setup the systems were only separated by 20 meters and will
automatically adjust the transmit power accordingly so as not to damage the
system at the other end of the link. See Appendix B (Figure 1,2 and 3) for
reference of distance between systems.
Redline Systems have the ability to create a partnership between the two
devices once they are set on the correct frequencies. This will then create a
pass through network that will pass all data over the link acting much like a
cable would.
Once this has been configured the link should come up and via the service
summary tab on the redline page it is possible to see the packets being
transferred.

Figure 5.4 - Packet Transfer Redline
Also shown below is a ping result between the Port Office Router and the LAN
OIL&GAS router.
“[neill@******* ~]$ ping 172.1.1.253
PING 172.1.1.253 (172.1.1.253)56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.1.1.253: icmp_seq=1 ttl=250 time=21.3 ms
64 bytes from 172.1.1.253 icmp_seq=5 ttl=250 time=21.3 ms
^C
--- 172.1.1.253 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 9 received, 0% packet loss, time 8574ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 21.361/21.710/22.080/0.334 ms
Since this system is still technically land based wireless, the redline systems
feature a security encryption protocolwhich will encrypt the data being send
across the link using a simple key encryption. The sending unit will generate
an encryption key which will be sent as a public key to the receiving device
allowing it to quickly decrypt all the data being sent.
The other security feature of the system is that since it is a point to point
system there is very little bleed off from the sent signal and the person
attempting to receive the devices would need to physically locate their
antenna between the two systems and guess the correct frequency. They
would then need to decrypt the data being sent between the links, however

their device being in the way would block the actual subscriber unit and the
network would noticeably fail alerting everyone that something was wrong.
5.2 Africa VSAT
The setup for the VSAT system in Africa will be using iDirect satellite modems.
iDirect systems use a setup that creates a satellite network but lays it out like
a layer 2 network.
Shown in Appendix A is the configuration required for the offshore router
(OIL&CO’s LAN) the switch configuration is the same as the previous
configuration shown in Appendix A however with a trunk port created for the
satellite modem.
iDirect modems require a setup unlike other modems on the market. Since the
system can provide advanced quality of service (QOS), routing, VLAN tagging,
the ability to push new configurations from the hub and monitor all remote
devices via its own software.
“The iDirect Broadband VSAT Network System is an advanced TCP/IP
communications system that enables high speed bandwidth-on-demand
networking within a star or point-to-point topology. The system is fully
integrated with iDirect’s Network Management System that provides
configuration and monitoring functions. The iDirect network components
consist of the ProtocolProcessor, Hub Line Card, and the NetModem II+
remote. In a star topology, the ProtocolProcessor acts as the central
network controller, the Hub Line Card is responsible for the hub side
modulation and demodulation functions, and the NetModem II+ provides
all remote network access functions such as TCP acceleration and
encryption. Two NetModems may also be set up in a direct point-to-point
configuration for back-haul applications”
iDirect. (2004). 10
iDirect systems are setup via the iBuilder software provided by iDirect, the
system setup follows this path. The remote device will need to be added to the

line card in iBuilder, right click the line card and select add remote: once this
is done a tab as shown below in figure 5.5 will open
In this page the general settings are set for the system allowing user
configuration of such items as the passwords for the remote configuration of
carrier frequencies via the carrier name and customer details.
Figure 5.6 IP Configuration iDirect
The IP configuration tab shown in figure 5.6 allows the configuration and
adding of VLANs for transmission over the link, this system page is more
practical if the system is being used as a router, in this scenario it is being
used as a Point to Point device so it will operate on layer 2. Eth0 relates to the
Figure 5.5 Modify Configuration iDirect

LAN facing IP address that the Cisco router will send packets to and the SAT 0
is the WAN facing that the iDirect will route over.
Figure 5.7 Setting Frequencies
Figure 5.7 shows the tab where the frequencies are configured, these
frequencies are supplied by the satellite owners and require to be entered to
allow the transmissions to be received and re-transmitted by the satellites. It
is important to ensure that the correct frequency Translation is also applied to
the Block Up Converter (BUC) as this can cause issues with the translation. It
is also on this tab that the modulation is set for the system.
Once these settings have been completed they are then saved to a package
file which is uploaded to the satellite modem via the iSite program. This will
need to be performed locally for the first configuration however once the
remote device is on site and is receiving a signal it will be able to get
configuration changes via iSites “Push configuration” ability.
Once the system is live it will show up on iBuilder, iSite and iMonitor as an
active site which will be monitored for any errors via the NMS.
Once this configuration was applied the test system was responding with;

[neill@****** ~]$ ping 172.1.1.1
PING 172.1.1.1 (172.1.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.1.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=844 ms
^C
--- 172.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 9 received, 0% packet loss, time 8056ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 574.568/641.831/844.353/80.042 ms

6 DISCUSSION
In this section of the report the findings listed in the previous sections as well
as personal justification for any choices made during the report.
The first section of the report was simply to highlight where the connections
are required for the “customer”. The report was then directed to compare
technologies that could provide communications to remote locations, in the
report this covered three primary technologies Fibre Optic Cable, VSAT and
Line of sight microwave. The technologies were firstly highlighted in their basic
workings where they are strongest and where they are weakest. This included
a breakdown of cost the achievable speeds, the types of location these
systems are normally found in and how versatile these systems are.
The three technologies compared with different strengths and displayed
promise in both of the situations however there is only one clear choice for
each scenario.
Firstly the line of sight system is the best practical system for the dock in
Invergordon it’s the cheapest system with a bandwidth that matches the
network infrastructure already in place on the site. The system is also the
must ruggedized and very small and portable, this allows the subscriber unit
to stay on the vessel even after moving and once it comes back to the bay it
can be used again.
Although the project specifications are completely fictional for the case of this
report it was based upon a real life project to provide communications systems
in this area, the client also accepted that line of sight would be the most
practical solution, however they wish to run it as a point to multipoint since
they have multiple vessels in the bay area. If the project included in this
proposal was to expand as such that multiple vessels in the same dock would
be introduced then the point to multi to multipoint system would be introduced
as the primary solution.

For the Africa portion of the report, this was also based on a project proposal
sent to a real client who now has six vessels based in the west coast of Africa.
The VSAT system is by far the most practical system to use in this scenario as
it provides constant communications during they tow down to Africa and whilst
in African waters they will have unobstructed signal to the satellites.
Although the data rates are low compared to systems that can be purchased
for home or small business internet it does provide a much better coverage of
the planet than those systems would allow.
If improvements were to be made to this system the inclusion of a line of sight
to be setup between vessels would be a way of providing a backup as well as
wireless mesh network that works between all six vessels. This improved
proposal is currently in place with some companies operating within the West
Africa region and allows vessels to re-route data if there is an issue with their
VSAT system.
Fibre was discounted from each of the projects due to the impracticality of
laying the system out in each scenario; although it would have been possible
in the dock the data rates would have caused a bottleneck on the 100Mb
interconnect so the full value of the fibre wouldn’t be used.
If this project was to be continued in report format the systems would evolve
to contain more advanced system settings as well as a combination of multiple
systems to provide the best possible communications platform.

7 CONCLUSION
During the work placement year provided by RigNet three technologies stood
out in the provision of remote services, these technologies were;
 Fibre
 VSAT
 Line of Sight
These three technologies are constantly compared to each other to see which
would provide the most reliable communications in the remote locations Oil
and Gas companies normally operate. It is very important that the correct
technology and setup is provided as it can cost millions if communications go
down.
The way in which this report was laid out was to allow the reader to see what
technologies are commonly used in offshore scenarios. The technologies
strengths and weaknesses highlighted and in the case of the two selected
technologies how a basic configuration is performed.
Some of the study for this report was limited by factors of equipment access,
due to the fact that most of the equipment is worth thousands of pounds it
was difficult to obtain things link space segment for testing or a spare set of
redline line of sight systems. This pushed the time frame to much later than
was first intend for equipment testing which possibly resulted in the
configuration being more basic than first intended.
However the test was still effective and still demonstrated the overall point of
the project allowing the comparisons of technologies to be easily seen by the
reader.

REFERENCES
Text Reference
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01/04/2015.
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(1.4), 22.
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APPENDIX A
Appendix A Title
OIL AND GAS Vessel LAN GW01
!
!Chassis type: CISCO2911/K9 - a CISCO2911/K9 router
!
config-register 0x2102
!
version 15.2
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname OIL&GAS-gw01
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 Cisco
!
ip cef
!
ip vrf OIL&GAS_CORP
rd 1:7
route-target export 23703:714
route-target import 23703:714
!
ip vrf SERVICE_CREW
rd 1:8
!

ip vrf forwarding
!
no ip dhcp use vrf connected
no ip dhcp conflict logging
ip dhcp excluded-address 172.1.1.65 172.1.1.67
ip dhcp excluded-address 172.1.1.129
!
ip dhcp pool Crew
network 172.1.1.64 255.255.255.192
default-router 172.1.1.65
domain-name test.net
dns-server 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220
lease 0 6
!
ip dhcp pool Corporate
network 172.1.1.128 255.255.255.192
dns-server 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220
lease 0 6
!
ip dhcp pool Voice
network 172.1.1.0 255.255.255.192
dns-server 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220
option 150 ip "Call manager IP"
lease 3
!
no ip domain lookup
no ipv6 cef
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0

description ### Trunk to OIL&GAS-sw01 ###
no ip address
duplex full
speed 100
no shut
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1
description ### LAN - Voice ###
encapsulation dot1Q 1 native
ip address 172.1.1.1 255.255.255.192
no shut
!
description ### OIL&GAS - Corporate VLAN ###
encapsulation dot1Q 2
ip vrf forwarding OIL&GAS_CORP
ip address 172.1.1.129 255.255.255.192
no shut
!
description ### OIL&GAS Crew - VLAN ###
ip vrf forwarding SERVICE_EA
ip address 172.1.1.65 255.255.255.192
no shut
description ### Redline LOS Link ###
no ip address
ip flow ingress
duplex auto
speed auto
no shut
!
description ### Redline LOS Link (Voice) ###

ip address 172.1.1.254 255.255.255.252
ip flow ingress
ip tcp adjust-mss 1300
no shut
!
description ### Redline LOS Link (Corporate) ###
ip address 172.1.1.250 255.255.255.252
ip flow ingress
no shut
!
description ### Redline LOS Link (Crew) ###
ip vrf forwarding SERVICE_CREW
ip address 172.1.1.246 255.255.255.252
no shut
!
!
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
ip forward-protocolnd
!
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.1.1.253 name Default
ip route vrf BASSDRILL 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.1.1.249 name LOS_Corp

ip route vrf SERVICE_EA 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.1.1.245 name LOS_Crew
!
!
banner login ^CC
WARNING !!!
This is a private computer facility. Access to it for any reason must be
specifically authorised. Your continued access and further inquiry may
expose you to criminal and/or civil proceedings.
All information contained in this computer system is the property of
the company, and cannot be disclosed without proper permission.
^C
!
line con 0
session-timeout 60
exec-timeout 60 0
password Cisco
logging synchronous
transport preferred none
transport output all
stopbits 1
line aux 0
line 2
no activation-character
no exec
transport output pad telnet rlogin lapb-ta mop udptn v120 ssh
stopbits 1
line vty 0 4
session-timeout 60

exec-timeout 60 0
password Cisco
transport input all
line vty 5 15
session-timeout 60
exec-timeout 60 0
password Cisco
transport input all
!
scheduler allocate 20000 1000
!
end
OIL AND GAS Vessel LAN SW01
!
!Chassis type: WS-C3750X-24P -
!
!VTP: VTP Version capable : 1 to 3
!VTP: VTP version running : 1
!VTP: VTP Domain Name : OIL&GAS
!VTP: VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
!VTP: VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
!VTP: Device ID : 4c4e.35ce.b600
!VTP: Local updater ID is 172.1.1.2 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN
interface found)
!VTP: Feature VLAN:
!VTP: --------------
!VTP: VTP Operating Mode : Server
!VTP: Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005

!VTP: Number of existing VLANs : 8
!VTP: Configuration Revision : 4
!VTP: MD5 digest : 0x4E 0xD9 0x5F 0x74 0x62 0xD9 0x89
0x57
!VTP: 0x96 0x6C 0x4C 0x51 0x08 0x46 0x64 0x08
!
!
!VLAN: VLAN Name Status
!VLAN: ---- -------------------------------- ---------
!VLAN: 1 default active
!VLAN: 2 Corporate active
!VLAN: 3 Crew active
!VLAN: 4 3rdParty active
!VLAN: 101 MGT_WAN active
!VLAN: 102 CORP_WAN active
!VLAN: 103 CREW_WAN active
!VLAN: 104 3rdParty_WAN active
!VLAN: 1002 fddi-default act/unsup
!VLAN: 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
!VLAN: 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
!VLAN: 1005 trnet-default act/unsup
!VLAN: VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode
Trans1 Trans2
!VLAN: ---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
!VLAN: 1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
!VLAN: 10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
!VLAN: 12 enet 100012 1500 - - - - - 0 0
!VLAN: 99 enet 100099 1500 - - - - - 0 0
!VLAN: 1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
!VLAN: 1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - srb 0 0
!VLAN: 1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
!VLAN: 1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
!VLAN: Remote SPAN VLANs
!VLAN: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!VLAN: Primary Secondary Type Ports

!VLAN: ------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
!!
config-register 0xF
!
version 12.2
no service pad
!
hostname OIL&GAS-SW01
!
!
!
switch 1 provision ws-c3750x-24p
system mtu routing 1500
!
spanning-tree mode pvst
no spanning-tree optimize bpdu transmission
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
vlan internal allocation policy ascending
!
interface FastEthernet0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
description *** REDLINE LOS ***
switchport mode access
!

description *** ENV01 ***
!
description *** UPS ***
!
description *** SVT ***
!
description *** ACCESS POINT ***
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
!
description *** ACCESS POINT ***
!
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/7 – Gi1/0/23
description ***OIL&GAS CORP ***
switchport access vlan 2
switchport access voice vlan 1
no shut
!
description ### Connection to OIL&GAS-GW01 ###
duplex full
!

!
interface Vlan1
ip address 172.1.1.2 255.255.255.192
!
ip default-gateway 172.1.1.1
ip classless
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
banner login ^CCC
WARNING !!!
!
line con 0
session-timeout 60
exec-timeout 60 0
! password Cisco
logging synchronous
stopbits 1
line vty 0 4
session-timeout 60
exec-timeout 60 0
! password Cisco
transport input all

line vty 5 15
session-timeout 60
exec-timeout 60 0
! password Cisco
transport input all
!
end
VSAT OIL & GAS OFFSHORE LAN GW01
!
!Chassis type: CISCO2911/K9 - a CISCO2911/K9 router
!
config-register 0x2102
!
version 15.2
!
hostname OIL&GAS-gw01
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
ip cef

!
ip vrf OIL&GAS_CORP
rd 1:7
!
ip vrf SERVICE_CREW
rd 1:8
ip vrf 3rdPARTY
rd 1:9
!
ip vrf forwarding
!
no ip dhcp use vrf connected
no ip dhcp conflict logging
!
ip dhcp pool Crew
network 172.1.1.64 255.255.255.192
dns-server 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220
lease 0 6
!
ip dhcp pool Corporate
network 172.1.1.128 255.255.255.192

dns-server 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220
lease 0 6
!
ip dhcp pool Voice
network 172.1.1.0 255.255.255.192
dns-server 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220
option 150 ip "Call manager IP"
lease 3
!
ip dhcp pool 3rdParty
network 172.1.1.192 255.255.255.224
dns-server 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220
lease 3
!
no ip domain lookup
no ipv6 cef
!
!
description ### Trunk to OIL&GAS-sw01 ###
no ip address
duplex full
speed 100
no shut
!
description ### LAN - Voice ###
encapsulation dot1Q 1 native
ip address 172.1.1.1 255.255.255.192
no shut

!
description ### OIL&GAS - Corporate VLAN ###
ip address 172.1.1.129 255.255.255.192
no shut
!
description ### OIL&GAS Crew - VLAN ###
ip vrf forwarding SERVICE_EA
ip address 172.1.1.65 255.255.255.192
no shut
!
description ### 3rd party - VLAN ###
ip vrf forwarding 3rdPARTY
ip address 172.1.1.65 255.255.255.192
no shut
description ### iDirect VSAT Link ###
no ip address
ip flow ingress
duplex auto
speed auto
no shut
!
description ### iDirect VSAT Link (Voice) ###
ip address 172.1.1.254 255.255.255.252
ip flow ingress

no shut
!
description ### iDirect VSAT Link (Corporate) ###
ip address 172.1.1.250 255.255.255.252
ip flow ingress
no shut
!
description ### iDirect VSAT Link (Crew) ###
ip address 172.1.1.246 255.255.255.252
no shut
!
description ### iDirect VSAT Link (Crew) ###
ip address 172.1.1.243 255.255.255.252
no shut
!
!
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!

ip forward-protocolnd
!
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.1.1.253 name Default
ip route vrf BASSDRILL 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.1.1.249 name VSAT_Corp
ip route vrf SERVICE_EA 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.1.1.245 name VSAT_Crew
ip route vrf 3rdParty 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.1.1.242 name VSAT_3rdPArty
!
!
banner login ^CC
WARNING !!!
!
line con 0
session-timeout 60
exec-timeout 60 0
password Cisco
logging synchronous
stopbits 1
line aux 0
line 2
no activation-character
no exec
transport output pad telnet rlogin lapb-ta mop udptn v120 ssh
stopbits 1

line vty 0 4
session-timeout 60
exec-timeout 60 0
password Cisco
transport input all
line vty 5 15
session-timeout 60
exec-timeout 60 0
password Cisco
transport input all
!
scheduler allocate 20000 1000
!
end

APPENDIX B
Appendix B Title
Figure Appendix B 1 - Redline Base unit
Figure Appendix B 2 RedlineSubscriber

Figure Appendix B 3 Subscriber pointing to Base

Figure Appendix B 4 project Gant chart

The Robert Gordon University
School of Computing Science and Digital Media Session 2014-2015
EN4600 Project Specification
Degree Title: Computer Network Management and Design
Project Title: Providing Reliable Networks to remote locations:
Comparing technologies
Student: Neil Leiper
Supervisor: Andrei Petrovski
Background:
In an ever increasingly connected world, locations were it would be almost
impossible to run conventional cables still require the ability to communicate.
The example I will be providing is the connection of Oil and Gas extraction
companies which requires real-time constant communication wherever they
are drilling or if their offshore vessels are moving across the oceans.
Aim:
My aim is to research and compare solutions for remote communications and
how these can be utilised in an effort to provide reliable communications to
the end user.
Objectives:
1. Discuss the different types of technologies available to a provider
allowing the provision of a remote network, including; cost and
equipment required
2. Compare the setup of each technology, with examples of setup via a
mock provider network.
3. Compare the effectiveness of each technology (latency, voice calling
quality, Up time) in different situations such as weather, travel or
location.
4. Review which technology is best suited to which type of install.
Industrial Collaborator : RigNet Aberdeen

BSC Honours Report - Neil Leiper (0604623)

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