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1. DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL,BISTUPUR
ALS PROJECT PORTFOLIO Unlocking the Universe: Why Space
Research Matters"
NAME –ABHIJEET MAHAKUR,ABHIJEET
PATRA,AMITESH,PRABHAT,RAJ(CAPTAIN)
CLASS-XII ‘A5’
3. C
E
R
T
IF
IC
A
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This project entitled “Unlocking the Universe: Why Space
Research Matters”, is an investigatory project work in English completed
by Abhijeet Mahakur, Abhijeet Patra ,Raj, Prabhat, Amitesh student of
class XII-A5,, under the supervision of our English Teacher Dr. Pratibha
Singh. The work carried out to investigate about the subject matter and
the related data collection is original and genuine and has been
completed solely and satisfactorily by the students.
Signature of Signature of
External Examiner English Teacher
5. introduction
Space research has always been a source of wonder and inspiration. From the
pioneering missions of the Apollo program to the breathtaking images sent back by
the Hubble Space Telescope, the exploration of space has captivated our imaginations
and pushed the boundaries of what is possible. But it's not just about curiosity or
exploration for exploration's sake; it's about addressing crucial questions, solving
real-worldproblems,and enrichingour understandingof the universe.
So fasten your seatbelts as we delve into the multifaceted aspects of space research,
exploring how it impacts science, technology, our daily lives, and the very future of
our species. As we take this journey through the cosmos, you'll discover why space
research isn't just a scientific endeavor; it's a pivotal force that shapes the
worldwe livein.
6. Spaceresearch encompassesa widerange of scientific, technological,and exploratory
activitiesfocusedon understandingand utilizing outerspace, includingeverything beyond
our planet'satmosphere. It involves the studyof celestial objects, the Earth'senvironment
fromspace,and the development of technologiesforspaceexploration. Hereare its various
components.
What is space research ?
7. Components
The study of celestial objects, such as stars, galaxies,
black holes, and the Big Bang, to understand the
fundamentalprinciplesgoverningtheuniverse
Astronomy and Astrophysics:
The investigation of planets, moons, asteroids,
and comets in our solar system and beyond,
seeking insights into their formation,
evolution, and potentialhabitability.
Planetary Science:
The creation and operation of telescopes
positioned in space, such as the Hubble Space
Telescope, to observe astronomical objects
withoutthe distortionof Earth'satmosphere.
Space Telescopes:
Developmentand operationof satellitesfor
telecommunications, navigation(e.g.,GPS),
and Earthobservation.
Satellite Communications:
01
03
02
04
8. Space discoveries impacting
our lives
GPS, which relies on a constellation of satellites,
is integral for navigation, transportation, and
location-basedservicesin smartphones
Global Positioning System (GPS):
Water purification systems developed for the
International Space Station (ISS) have been adapted
for use in remote and disaster-stricken areas to
provide cleandrinkingwater.
Water Purification:
Space missions have driven the development of
high-efficiency solar cells, which are used in
solar panels for generating clean energy on
Earth.
Solar Power:
Space-based observations and data collection
systems have significantly improved weather
forecasting, leading to better storm predictions
anddisasterpreparedness.
Weather Prediction:
9. Technological Advancement
The development of communication
satellites, such as those used for
television broadcasting, internet
connectivity, and global positioning
systems (GPS), has revolutionized
how we communicate and navigate
in our dailylives.
Satellite Communications:
Aerospace research has
influenced aircraft design,
leading to more fuel-efficient
and quieter airplanes, reducing
the environmental impact of air
travel.
Aircraft Design:
Space missions have driven the
development of high-efficiency
solar cells, which are used in
solar panels for generating
cleanenergy on Earth.
Solar Power:
10. Earth Science
Climate Change Monitoring: Air Quality and Pollution:
Weather Forecasting: Disaster Recovery and Relief:
Satellites equipped with specialized instruments
continuously monitor Earth's climate, tracking
changes in temperature, sea levels, ice cover, and
greenhouse gas concentrations. This data is
crucial for understanding the impact of human
activitiesonclimatechange.
After natural disasters, satellites assist in damage
assessment, resource allocation, and post-disaster
recovery efforts by providing detailed images
ofaffectedareas.
Satellites measure air quality parameters, such
as air pollutants and aerosols, helping to
monitor and address pollution levels and their
impactonpublichealth.
Weather satellites provide real-time data on
atmospheric conditions, cloud cover, and storm
patterns, enabling accurate weather forecasting,
disaster preparedness, and response. This
technology has saved countless lives and
mitigatedpropertydamage
11. National Security
Satellites track vessels, monitor maritime
traffic, and detect illegal activities at sea.
This is important for safeguarding
territorial waters, enforcing maritime laws,
and combatingpiracy and illegalfishing.
Maritime Security:
Satellite imagery and data support
strategic planning, including the
identification of critical infrastructure,
military installations, and potential
targets, which informs national security
strategies.
Strategic Planning:
Space assets are used to gather intelligence
on potential terrorist threats, monitor
conflict zones, and support counterterrorism
operations by providing real-time data and
surveillance .
Counterterrorism:
Secure communication with space assets is
integral to cybersecurity efforts,
protecting sensitive data and preventing
cyber threats from compromising
nationalsecurity .
Cybersecurity:
Satellite communication and imaging
play a crucial role in disaster response
and humanitarian assistance efforts.
They enable coordination, resource
allocation, and assessment of damage in
the aftermathof naturaldisasters.
Disaster Response:
Space-based surveillance aids in border
security and monitoring of territorial
integrity. This is vital for detecting
unauthorized border crossings, illicit
activities, and potentialsecuritythreats.
Border Security:
12. Economic Oppurtunities
Space Manufacturing:
In-space manufacturing, including 3D
printing and other advanced production
techniques, could enable the creation of
products that are difficult or expensive to
manufactureonEarth.
Space Research and Development:
The space industry offers opportunities for research
and development in areas like propulsion
technology, life support systems, and advanced
materials.
Space Mining:
The potential extraction of valuable
resources, such as rare metals and water,
from celestial bodies like asteroids and the
Moon, could be a lucrative economic
opportunity in the future.
Space Infrastructure:
As humanity expands its presence in space, there will
be a need for infrastructure such as space habitats,
powergeneration,andtransportationsystems
Earth Observation and Remote Sensing:
Satellites in orbit provide data for applications
such as agriculture, environmental monitoring,
weather forecasting, and disaster management.
These data services have numerous commercial
applications
15. Prominent Space Agencies
The National Aeronautics and Space
Administration is an independent agency of
the U.S. federal government responsible for
the civil space program, aeronautics research,
andspaceresearch.
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is
the space agency of India. The organisation is
involved in science, engineering and
technology to harvest the benefits of outer
spaceforIndiaandthemankind.
NASA ISRO
16. ISRO
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is
the space agency of the Government of India.
Established in 1969, ISRO has played a crucial role
in India's space exploration and satellite
development. It is known for its cost-effective
approach to space missions and has achieved
several milestones, including launching the Mars
Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and the
Chandrayaan missions to the Moon. ISRO's
activities encompass satellite communication, Earth
observation, navigation, and space science. It is
headquartered in Bengaluru and has gained
international recognition for its achievements in
space technologyand exploration.
17. A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS WELL
February 10, 2023
June 5, 2017
July 30, 2023
GSLV(GeosynchronousSatellite
Launch Vehicle)
GSLVMk III (GeosynchronousSatellite
Launch Vehicle Mark III)
SSLV(SmallSatellite Launch
Vehicle)
PSLV(Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle)
APRIL18, 2021
18. A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS WELL
18 July 1980 23 May 2016
March 24, 1987
RohiniSatellite LaunchVehicle
(SLV):
ASLV(Augmented Satellite Launch
Vehicle):
Reusable LaunchVehicle
(RLV):
19. Mars Exploration:
Missions
ISRO successfully launched the Mars
Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2013,
making India the fourth country to reach
Mars. Future Mars missions and deeper
exploration of the Red Planet are likely on
ISRO's agenda.
Lunar Exploration:
ISRO has been actively involved in lunar
exploration, with the Chandrayaan-1
mission in 2008 and Chandrayaan-2 in
2019. Prospects include additional lunar
missions, including potential manned
missions in the long term.
20. ISRO missions
Space Science:
ISRO continues to invest in space science
missions, including missions to study
cosmic phenomena, asteroids, and other
celestial bodies. Future space observatories
andscientificmissionsareanticipated.
Satellite Technology::
ISRO has been a leader in satellite technology and
services, offering a wide range of applications,
including communication, navigation, Earth
observation, and weather forecasting. Expanding
andupgradingsatelliteservicesis likely.
Commercial Opportunities:
ISRO has been actively participating in the
commercial satellite launch market,
offering cost-effective launch services to
international customers. ISRO is likely to
furtherexpanditsrolein thissector.
Human Spaceflight:
ISRO has expressed interest in sending Indian
astronauts (Gaganyaan program) into space. This
endeavor could significantly advance India's
capabilitiesinhumanspaceflight.
International Collaborations:
ISRO has engaged in various international
collaborations and partnerships, fostering
cooperation with other space agencies and
organizationsworldwide.
Missions
21. Achievements
Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan):
Successful Launch of 104
Satellites:
Space Capsule Recovery
Experiment (SRE):
Navigation with Indian
Constellation (NavIC):
India's Mars Orbiter Mission,
Mangalyaan, gained global
recognition for its cost-effectiveness.
It was launched at a significantly
lower cost compared to similar
missions undertaken by other space
agencies.
The successful development and
deployment of the NavIC satellite
navigation system marked India's
independence in providing precise
navigation and positioning services to
users in the country and surrounding
regions.
In 2007, ISRO's SRE-1 mission
demonstrated India's capability to
recover a space capsule from orbit, an
essential technology for future crewed
space missions.
In February 2017, ISRO set a world record
by successfully launching 104 satellites
in a single mission using the PSLV-C37
rocket. This achievement demonstrated
ISRO's ability to provide cost-effective and
reliable satellite launch services to
international customers.
23. THIS IS A GRAPH
To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link,
change the data and paste the new graph here
MERCURY
VENUS
SATURN
24. ISRO MISSON
1960
INCOSPAR
1975
FIRST SATTELITE ARYABHATA
1980
SITE(satellite instructional television
experiment)
2000
GSLV –D1(CRYOGENIC ENGINE)
2013
MANGALYAAN
2008
CHANDRYAAN -1
1984
Rakesh Sharma become first Indian
person in space
1998
First successful Nuclear Test
2019
CHANDRAYAAN-2
2023
ADITYA – L1
2023
CHANDRYAAN -3
2021
GSLV MK -III
25. ISRO MISSON
1960
INCOSPAR
1975
FIRST SATTELITE ARYABHATA
1980
SITE(satellite instructional television
experiment)
2000
GSLV –D1(CRYOGENIC ENGINE)
2013
MANGALYAAN
2008
CHANDRYAAN -1
1984
Rakesh Sharma become first Indian
person in space
1998
First successful Nuclear Test
2019
CHANDRAYAAN-2
2023
ADITYA – L1
2023
CHANDRYAAN -3
2021
GSLV MK -III
26. NASA MISSION
1969
APOLLO-11
1970
APOLLO-13
1981- 1998
STS -1 TO STS -95
2001
MARS ODYSSEY
2004
SATURN EXPLORATION
2015
PLUTO FLYBY
2011
MARS CURIOSITY ROVER
2021
MARS PERSEVERANCE ROVER
2022
ARETMIS -1(ONGOING)
2016
JUPITER EXPLORATION
1997
MARS PATHFINDER
1990
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
27. HOW ABOUT THE PERCENTAGES?
20%
Saturn is the
ringed one and a
gas giant
50%
It’s the biggest
planet in the
Solar System
80%
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but is very hot
100%
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun
29. 333,000.00
earths is the Sun’s mass
24h 37m 23s
is Jupiter’s rotation period
386,000 km
is the distance between Earth and the Moon
30. A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS WELL
NEPTUNE SATURN JUPITER EARTH
MARS VENUS MERCURY
1 2 3 5
4 6 7
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
31. THIS IS A GRAPH
To modify this graph, click on it, follow the
link, change the data and paste the new graph
here
38,5%
20,5%
30,8%
10,3%
MERCURY VENUS
MARS JUPITER
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
It’s the biggest
planet of them all
It has very high
temperatures
Despite being red,
it’s a cold place
33. OUR TEAM
Mars is a cold place. It’s full of
iron oxide dust, which gives
the planet its reddish cast
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