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The Breast Cancer_.pptx
- 1. D r. N a z m u l A z a m R e g i s t r a r , D e p a r t m e n t o f S u r g e r y , T M C & R C H .
- 2. Anatomy of Breast Vertically it extends from the 2nd to the 6th rib in the midclavicular line and lies over pectoralis major, serratus anterior and external oblique muscles. Topography Horizontally-from the side of sternum to the mid-axillary line. Breast is a Modified sweat gland and develop from ectoderm.
- 3. Parts of Breast 1. Nipple
- 4. Parts of Breast 2. Areola
- 5. Parts of Breast 2. The Breast
- 6. Parts of Breast The Parenchyma The Mammary glands
- 7. Parts of Breast The Lactiferous ducts
- 8. Parts of Breast The Stroma
- 9. Parts of Breast The Stroma
- 11. Lymphatic Drainage of Breast 1. A superficial plexus_ 2. A deep lymphatic plexus on deep fascia of the pectoralis major underlying the breast
- 12. Lymphatic Drainage of Breast 1. The central & lateral part of the gland 2. The tail of the breast 4. The middle part of the gland 3. The upper part of the gland
- 13. What is Breast Cancer? Breast cancer occurs when healthy breast cells become abnormal, grow out of control, and form tumors
- 14. MODIFIBLE Radiation Exposure Gender Risk Factors NON-MODIFIBLE Proliferative breast conditions Breast Density Late Menopause Early Menstruation Personal Breast Cancer History Family History Age Reproduction Breastfeeding Body weight HRT OCP Physical activity
- 15. Signs & symptoms
- 18. Types of breast cancer
- 19. Minimal Presentation 02 Graphic design Style 13 Soogle SUP 14 Soogle SUP 15 Stages Of breast cancer Tumor size T Tumor size < 2cm T1 Tumor size < 2 – 5 cm T2 Tumor size >5 cm T3 Tumor extends to skin or chest wall T4 Lymph Nodes N N0 No lymph node metastasis N1 Metastasis to ipsilateral, movable, axillary LNs N2 Metastasis to ipsilateral, Fixed, axillary / IM LNs N3 Metastasis to Supra/infaclavicul ar LN or to axillary / IM LNs Metastasis M M0 No distant Metastasis M1 Distant Metastasis
- 20. Stages Of breast cancer
- 21. Stage I
- 22. Stage IIA
- 23. Stage IIB
- 24. Stage IIIA
- 25. Stage IIIB
- 26. Stage IIIC
- 27. Stage IV
- 28. Grade 3 (High grade) Grade 1 (Low-grade) Grade 2 (moderate or intermediate grade) Grade Of Breast Cancer
- 29. Local Lymph System Blood Method of Spread
- 30. Initial History Taking Investigations Physical Examination Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
- 32. Physical Examination Breasts, armpits, Neck & Chest area Should examine the axillary lymph nodes These sites should be examined twice, when the patient is sitting up & when she is lying down.
- 33. Breast self-examination Breast self-exam is done once at month at home
- 34. Investigations
- 35. Investigations
- 42. Methods of screening Mammogram, Clinical Breast Examination, Breast self examination
- 43. Additiona l Investigations CXR The Lungs. CT Scan The Chest/ Abdomen Bone Scan The Bones. MRI Brain & Spinal Cord USG
- 45. Treatment Depends on_ The type of breast cancer The stage & grade of the breast cancer Whether or not the cancer cells are sensitive to hormones Patients overall health Age of the patient Patients own preferences
- 47. A. Surgery for breast cancer: SURGERY 1. Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS): Wide local excision/ Lumpectomy. Quadrantectomy. 2. Mastectomy: A Simple Mastectomy. A Radial Mastectomy. Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM).
- 48. SURGERY
- 49. SURGERY
- 50. SURGERY Complications of Mastectomy Injury / Thrombosis of axillary vein Seroma- 50 to 60 % Pain & Numbness Flap Necrosis / Infection Lymphoedema Winged of scapula Pectoralis muscle atrophy Weaking of internal rotation & abduction of shoulder
- 51. Radiotherapy is generally given after surgery & chemotherapy, it uses high-energy x-rays or other type of radiation, to kill remaining cancer cells or keep them from growing Radiotherapy 1. External radiation 2. Internal radiation Type of radiotherapy:
- 52. A certain protein called Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2): Biological Therapy 1. Makes Cancer cell grow faster. 2. Makes Cancer cell spread faster.
- 53. Used for cancers that are sensitive to hormones. Hormone Therapy 1. Tamoxifen 2. Fulvestran These type of cancer often referred to as ER + & PR + cancer. Estrogen & Progesterone promotes cancer growth. Drugs used to block estrogen
- 54. Hormone Therapy a. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) b. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs Drugs used to changes hormone levels
- 55. Chemotherapy This therapy use for killing cancer cells May be given IV or Oral They enter the blood steam & reach most parts of the body Combats metastasis Also damage some normal cells
- 56. Prevention Physical exercise. Limit hormone therapy Breast cancer screening Breastfeeding Alcohol consumption Eat Healthy