Demography for MPH students

1. Dr Nasir Jamal Pathan
MBBS. MPH. Post Graduate Clinical Research (Canada)
Public Health Specialist and Visiting Assistant Professor
nasir_jamal04@yahoo.com
Migration

2. What is Migration

3. MIGRATION
The spatial movement of a person or group of
persons from one place to another, more or
less for permanent residency.
May be internal (within country) or
international (country to country)

4. Types of Migration

5. Immigration Moving into another country

6. Emigration Moving out of a country

7. International
Moving from
one country
to another

8. Voluntary
Moving by
choice

9. Forced Having to move - reasons could include: war,
famine, natural disaster, political asylum

10. Temporary/seasonal Moving for a
short period of time

11. Rural to urban Moving from the
countryside to the city

12. Urban to rural Moving from the city to the countryside

13. Transmigration -
moving within a
country from a high
density area (core)
to a low density
area (periphery)

14. Reasons for Migration
ECONOMIC EDUCATIONAL RELIGIOUS MEDICAL SOCIAL
POLITICAL WORK
OPPORTUNITIES
AND TECHNOLOGIES

15. Push
Factors Lack of jobs or job opportunities
Poor levels of pay and conditions
Poor health and education services
Isolated – few transport links,
few leisure facilities
Climatic hazard eg drought leading to crop failure.
Civil war/persecution.
Poor quality of life

16. Pull
Factors
Job opportunities
Perception of better quality of life.
Range of health and education services.
Entertainment and facilities.
Less likelihood of natural hazards.
Chance to earn more money

17. Middle East
Migration from
Pakistan

18. History
During the 1970s and 1980s the
large-scale migration of skilled labour
from Pakistan to the Middle East
It is spread over several countries in
the region and has had the most
profound impact on the country its
members have left behind
There are no hard estimates of the
numbers that have taken up
residence in the Middle East

19. Reasons
The first one was by the oil-producing
and exporting nations to embargo the
sale of oil to the US. This was to punish
the Americans for their support of Israel.
four-fold increase in the price of oil and
enormous increases in the revenues
earned by the oil-exporting countries
These windfall incomes were used in part
to finance the construction of modern
infrastructure for which workers were
needed.

20. Reasons
The other important decision leading to the
creation of the Middle Eastern diaspora was
taken by then Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto, Who freely issued passports to those
who wished to travel to the Arab world
Millions of Construction workers hired from
Pakistan to provide work force
Resulted lots of remittance from middle east to
Pakistan which helped and improved
socioeconomic condition and health of
Pakisantis

21. 2019-2020
COVID–19 and the recent plunge
in oil prices have shaken the
Middle East to its core.
13000, Pakistani lost their jobs in
UAE due to Covid-19 Pandemic
50,000 Pakistani workers from
Middle East countires registered
in Gulf commission to return

22. Result
Massive unemployment returning
workers from Middle East
Unemployment leads to:
Poverty
low quality of life
Social, political and economic ills.

23. Effects of
Unemployment
on Health

24. Effects of Unemployment on Health
Depression. Being unemployed generates
feelings on hopelessness and guilt in one’s
mind. Seeing the careers of others

25. Effects of Unemployment
on Health
• The constant worry of finding a job and
managing one’s monthly expenses can lead to
disturbed sleep. Lack of physical fitness, added
to the anxiety arising from joblessness, may
lead to sleep disorders. Lethargy and lack of
exercise robs one of sound sleep.

26. Effects of Unemployment
on Health
The emotional instability may lead one to ignore
eating. This may cause nutritional deficiencies,
physical fatigue, and weakness. Thus, eating
disorders can lead to excessive weight gain or
abnormal weight loss, further affecting one’s overall
health.

27. Effects of Unemployment
on Health
To get over the frustration of unemployment,
people resort to consumption of drugs and
alcohol. Alcoholism and indulgence in narcotics
can have very serious and long-lasting effects
on one’s health

28. Any Question
Thank you