2. • The following frequently faced problem
by gums and teeth are given below
• 1. Bad breath
• 2. Tooth decay
• 3. Chipped tooth
• 4. Teeth grinding
• 5. Gingivitis
• 6. Periodontitis
• 7. Tooth Discoloration
3. Bad breath:
• Also known as halitosis bad breath can be one of the
most embarrassing oral problems.
• There are a number of reasons why people develop bad
breath.
• These include gum disease, cavity oral cancer and an
infected tongue.
• Lack of regular brushing has also been found to cause
halitosis.
• To prevent bad breath, you will need to brush regularly
and use special mouth wash after brushing.
• If you have a persistent bad breath that won't go even
after brushing, then visit a dentist and explain the same
problems to him or her for further rectification
4. • Tooth Decay:
• It's also known as dental caries or cavities are breakdown of
teeth due to acids made by bacteria.
• The cavities may be a number of different colors from yellow
to black.
• The cause of carries is acid from bacteria dissolving those
hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin and cemented).
• The acid is produced from food debris or sugar on the tooth
surfaces.
• Simple sugars in food are these bacterial primary energy
sources and thus a diet high in simple sugar is a risk factor.
• If mineral breakdown is greater than build up from sources
such as saliva caries results.
• Prevention of dental caries includes regular cleaning of the
teeth, a diet low in sugar, and small amount of fluoride.
• Brushing the teeth twice per day is recommended by many.
5. • Chipped Tooth:
• Teeth are remarkably strong, but they can chip, crack
(fracture) or break.
• This can happen in several ways.
• Biting down on something hard, being hit in the face or
mouth.
• Falling, having cavities that weakens the tooth, having
large old amalgam fillings that don't, support the
remaining enamel of the tooth.
• When a tooth chips or break, it may not hurt.
• However your tongue usually feels the sharp area quite
quickly.
• Minor tooth fractures usually don't cause pain, but if a
large pieces of the tooth breaks off, it can hurt.
• The nerve inside the tooth may be damaged.
6. • Teeth Grinding:
• Teeth grinding known as Bruxism.
• Bruxism is a condition in which you grind, gnash
and clench your teeth.
• If you have bruxism, you may unconsciously
clench your teeth when you are awake or clench
or grind them during sleep.
• Sleep bruxism is considered sleep related
movement disorder.
• People which clench or grind their teeth during
sleep are more likely to have other sleep
disorders, such as snoring and pauses in breathing
(sleep apnea).
7. • Sign and Symptoms:
• 1. Teeth grinding or clenching, which
may be loud enough to wake up your
sleep partner.
• 2. Teeth that are flattened, fractured,
chipped or loose.
• 3. Increased tooth pain or sensitivity.
• 4. Jaw, neck or face pain or
soreness.
8. • Gingivitis
• Gingivitis is a nondestructive disease that occurs
around the teeth.
• The most common form of gingivitis and most
common form of periodontal diseases overall is in
response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that
is attached to tooth surface, termed plaque induced
gingivitis.
• Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygienic,
however without treatment; gingivitis can progress to
periodontitis, in which inflammation of the gums
results in tissue destruction and above resorption
around the teeth.
9. • Symptoms:
• 1. Swollen gums
• 2. Bright red or purple gums
• 3. Gums that are tender or
painful to the touch
• 4. Bad breadth (halitosis).
10. • Periodontitis:
• It also known as gum diseases and pyorrhea is a
asset of inflammation diseases affecting the
tissues surrounding the teeth.
• Periodontitis involves progressive loss of the
alveolar bone around the teeth and if left
untreated can lead to loosening and subsequent
loss of teeth. Periodontitis is caused by
microorganism that adhere to and grow in the
tooth surface, along with an over aggressive
immune response against these microorganism.
• A diagnosis of periondontitis is establishes by
inspecting the soft gum tissues around the teeth
with a probe and by evaluating the patients X-ray
films, to determine the amount of bone loss
around that teeth.
11. • Symptoms:
• 1. Redness or bleeding of gums while
brushing teeth
• 2. Gum swelling that occurs
• 3. Spitting out blood after brushing teeth
• 4. Gingival recession resulting in
apparent lengthening of teeth
• 5. Deep pockets between the teeth and
the gums.
12. • Tooth Discolouration:
• Tooth discolouration also termed as tooth
staining is abnormal tooth color, here or
translucency.
• External discolouration is accumulation of
stains on the tooth surface.
• Internal discolouration is due to absorption of
pigment particles into tooth structure.
• Extrinsic discoloration are common and
having many different causes.
• Some extrinsic discolourations that are
allowed to remain for a long time may become
intrinsic.
13. • 1. Calculus: Neglected plaques eventually calcify
and lead to formation of a hard deposit on the
teeth, especially around the gum line. The color of
calculus varies and may be grey, yellow, black or
brown.
• 2. Tobacco: Tar in smoke from tobacco products
tends to form a yellow brown black stain around
the necks of the teeth above the gum line.
• 3. Certain topical medication: Chlorhexidine
(antiseptic, mouth wash) binds to tannins,
meaning that prolonged use in persons who
consumes coffee, tea or red wine is associated
with extrinsic staining.
