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Sestasedmica
Hemija- drugi razred
Cas 59/60
Nada Trisic,prof.
DERIVATI KARBOKSILNIH KISELINA
(KORISTITEUDŽBENIK,STR.141. PITANJA KOJA SLIJEDENEKA BUDU POMOĆU SAVLADAVANJUNOVE
LEKCIJE.)
-Napišite opštuformulukarboksilnih kiseline.
-Kakose zove RCO- grupa ______________________________
-Štanastaje zamjenom –OH grupe u karboksilnojgrupi sanekimatomomili atomskomgrupom?
________________________________________________________________________
-Nabroj derivate karboksilnihkiselina:______________________________________________________
-Štapredstavljasljedećajednačina:
RCOZ + HY → RCOY + HZ
_________________________________________________________________________________
-Karboksilnekiselinei derivati karboksilnihkiselinalakoreagujusavodom, alkoholomi amonijakom.
Kakose nazivajute reakcije?Štanastaje kaoproizvodutimreakcijama?(Pogledaj tabelu11.2.)
a)______________________________________________________________________
b)______________________________________________________________________
c)________________________________________________________________________
HLORIDI KISELINA (ACIL-HALOGENIDI)
Zamjenom -OHgrupe u karboksilnoj grupi saatomomhalogenogelementa(F,Cl,Br,I) nastaju
acil-halogenidi.Najveći praktični značaj imajuacil-hloridi.
Acil-hloridi se dobijajudejstvomfosfor(III)-hloridanakarboksilnukiselinu:
3RCOOH + PCl3 → 3RCOCl + H3PO3
Prikažite sljedeće reakcije:
a) Etanske kiselina + PCl3 →
b) Propanskakiselina + PCl3 →
Imenaacil-halogenidase izvode takoštose odimenakiseline oduzme nastavak -SKA i doda
nastavak -OIL. Napišite imenasljedećih acil-halogenida:
CH3COCl ________________________________
CH3CH2COCl_________________________________
CH3CH2COBr___________________________________
Da li acil-hloridaimauprirodi?___________________Zašto?________________________________
Prikažite reakcijehidrolize,alkoholizei amonolize etanoil-hlorida. Štanastaje hidrolizom,šta
alkoholizom,ašta amonolizom?
Šta će nastati u reakciji karboksilnekiseline i acil-halogenida?_________________________________
Šta je fosgen?_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
ANHIDRIDI KISELINA
Zamjenom -OH grupe u karboksilnoj grupi karboksilatnimanjonomnastajuanhidridi kiselina.
Anhidridnastaje akoizdvije molekule kiseline eliminišemomolekul vode.
CH3COOH + HOOCCH3 → CH3CO-O-COCH3 + HOH
Anhidridi kiselina,izpraktičnihrazloga,najčešće se dobijajudejstvomsolikarboksilnihkiselinanaacil-
hloride. Najznačajniji anhidridje anhidridsirćetne kiseline.Dobijase dejstvometaniol-hloridanaNa-
acetat:
CH3COCl + NaOOCCH3 → CH3-CO-O-CO-CH3 + NaCl
Prikažite reakcijehidrolize,alkoholizei amonolize anhidridasirćetne kiseline.
a)_______________________________________________________________________________
b)_____________________________________________________________________________
c)___________________________________________________________________________________
Šta primjećujete?
Da li anhidridaimau prirodi?__________________ Zašto?_____________________________
Koji derivati sureaktivniji;acil-hloridiili anhidridikiselina?_______________________________
Vježba:(zaradoznale)
1. Prikažite reakciju salicilnakiselina + anhidridsirćetne kiseline
2. Dehidrataciju1,2-benzendikarboksilne kiseline
AMIDI KISELINA
Amidi kiselinanastajuamonolizomacil-hlorida,anhidridakiselinai estarakarboksilnihkiselina.
Mogu se dobiti i zagrijavanjemamonijumovihsoli karboksilnihkiselina.Npr.
CH3COONH4 → CH3CONH2 + H2O
Amonijum-acetat etanamid
Imenaamidakarboksilnihkiselinaizvodese takoštose od imenaodgovarajuće kiseline odbije
nastavak -SKA i dodase riječAMID.
Napiši imenasljedećihamida:
CH3CONH2_________________ i ______________________
CH3CH2CONH2______________________________________
Koja, biološki važnajedinjenjasadrže amidnugrupu?______________________________________
Prikupite informacije onaročitovažnomjedinjenju- karbamidu.
Napišite strikturnuformulukarbonatne kiseline.
Za ovaj put toliko.Želimvammnogouspjeha uradu.Sve eventualne nejasnoće riješiti ćemonačasu.
Nada Trišić,prof.
Sesta sedmica

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Sesta sedmica

  • 1. Sestasedmica Hemija- drugi razred Cas 59/60 Nada Trisic,prof. DERIVATI KARBOKSILNIH KISELINA (KORISTITEUDŽBENIK,STR.141. PITANJA KOJA SLIJEDENEKA BUDU POMOĆU SAVLADAVANJUNOVE LEKCIJE.) -Napišite opštuformulukarboksilnih kiseline. -Kakose zove RCO- grupa ______________________________ -Štanastaje zamjenom –OH grupe u karboksilnojgrupi sanekimatomomili atomskomgrupom? ________________________________________________________________________ -Nabroj derivate karboksilnihkiselina:______________________________________________________ -Štapredstavljasljedećajednačina: RCOZ + HY → RCOY + HZ _________________________________________________________________________________ -Karboksilnekiselinei derivati karboksilnihkiselinalakoreagujusavodom, alkoholomi amonijakom. Kakose nazivajute reakcije?Štanastaje kaoproizvodutimreakcijama?(Pogledaj tabelu11.2.) a)______________________________________________________________________ b)______________________________________________________________________ c)________________________________________________________________________ HLORIDI KISELINA (ACIL-HALOGENIDI) Zamjenom -OHgrupe u karboksilnoj grupi saatomomhalogenogelementa(F,Cl,Br,I) nastaju acil-halogenidi.Najveći praktični značaj imajuacil-hloridi. Acil-hloridi se dobijajudejstvomfosfor(III)-hloridanakarboksilnukiselinu:
  • 2. 3RCOOH + PCl3 → 3RCOCl + H3PO3 Prikažite sljedeće reakcije: a) Etanske kiselina + PCl3 → b) Propanskakiselina + PCl3 → Imenaacil-halogenidase izvode takoštose odimenakiseline oduzme nastavak -SKA i doda nastavak -OIL. Napišite imenasljedećih acil-halogenida: CH3COCl ________________________________ CH3CH2COCl_________________________________ CH3CH2COBr___________________________________ Da li acil-hloridaimauprirodi?___________________Zašto?________________________________ Prikažite reakcijehidrolize,alkoholizei amonolize etanoil-hlorida. Štanastaje hidrolizom,šta alkoholizom,ašta amonolizom? Šta će nastati u reakciji karboksilnekiseline i acil-halogenida?_________________________________ Šta je fosgen?_______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ANHIDRIDI KISELINA Zamjenom -OH grupe u karboksilnoj grupi karboksilatnimanjonomnastajuanhidridi kiselina. Anhidridnastaje akoizdvije molekule kiseline eliminišemomolekul vode. CH3COOH + HOOCCH3 → CH3CO-O-COCH3 + HOH Anhidridi kiselina,izpraktičnihrazloga,najčešće se dobijajudejstvomsolikarboksilnihkiselinanaacil- hloride. Najznačajniji anhidridje anhidridsirćetne kiseline.Dobijase dejstvometaniol-hloridanaNa- acetat: CH3COCl + NaOOCCH3 → CH3-CO-O-CO-CH3 + NaCl Prikažite reakcijehidrolize,alkoholizei amonolize anhidridasirćetne kiseline. a)_______________________________________________________________________________ b)_____________________________________________________________________________
  • 3. c)___________________________________________________________________________________ Šta primjećujete? Da li anhidridaimau prirodi?__________________ Zašto?_____________________________ Koji derivati sureaktivniji;acil-hloridiili anhidridikiselina?_______________________________ Vježba:(zaradoznale) 1. Prikažite reakciju salicilnakiselina + anhidridsirćetne kiseline 2. Dehidrataciju1,2-benzendikarboksilne kiseline AMIDI KISELINA Amidi kiselinanastajuamonolizomacil-hlorida,anhidridakiselinai estarakarboksilnihkiselina. Mogu se dobiti i zagrijavanjemamonijumovihsoli karboksilnihkiselina.Npr. CH3COONH4 → CH3CONH2 + H2O Amonijum-acetat etanamid Imenaamidakarboksilnihkiselinaizvodese takoštose od imenaodgovarajuće kiseline odbije nastavak -SKA i dodase riječAMID. Napiši imenasljedećihamida: CH3CONH2_________________ i ______________________ CH3CH2CONH2______________________________________ Koja, biološki važnajedinjenjasadrže amidnugrupu?______________________________________ Prikupite informacije onaročitovažnomjedinjenju- karbamidu. Napišite strikturnuformulukarbonatne kiseline. Za ovaj put toliko.Želimvammnogouspjeha uradu.Sve eventualne nejasnoće riješiti ćemonačasu. Nada Trišić,prof.