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Sedmasedmica
Hemija– drugi razred
Čas: 61/62
Nada Trišić,prof.
ESTRI KARBOKSILNIH KISELINA
Definicija:_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Opštaformula:
Nomenklatura
Nalaženje estara
Dobijanje estara
Prikažite reakcijuesterifikacije: etanskakiselina+etanol
Podkojimuslovimase odvijareakcijaesterifikacije?___________________________________
Da li je reakcijaesterifikacije povratna?___________________________
Mogu li se estri dobiti nadrugi način?___________________________
Prikaži sljedeće reakcije:
a) Alkoholizu(saetanolom) etanoil-hlorida
b) Alkoholizu(saetanolom) anhidridasirćetnekiseline
c) Alkoholizu(saetanolom) etanamida
Fizičke osobine
Temperature topljenjasu______________________. Zašto?______________________________
Temperature ključanjaestarasuniže odtemperaturaključanjakiselinaod kojihsupostali.
Zašto?________________________________________________________________________
Rastvorljivost__________________________________________________________________
Miris______________________________________________________________________
Hemijske osobine estara
Estri sureaktivnajedinjenja.Kaoi drugi derivati karboksilnihkiselina,estri podliježureakcijamahidrolize,
alkoholizei amonolize.
1. Hidrolizaestara
a) Kiselahidroliza
CH3COOCH2CH3 + HOH → CH3COOH+ CH3CH2OH
etil-etanoat etanskakis. etanol
Hidrolizaestaraukiseloj sredini je povratanproces.Kiselahidrolizai esterifikacijasureakcijesuprotnog
smjera.
b) Bazna hidroliza (saponifikacija)
CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaOH → CH3COONa + CH3CH2OH
etil-etanoat Na-acetat etanol
Bazna hidrolizaje nepovratnareakcija. Uobičajeni nazivsolivišihmasnihkiselinaje sapun.Zbogtogase i
bazna hidrolizanazivasaponifikacija.
2. Alkoholizaestara(transesterifikacija)
CH3COOCH2CH3 + ROH → CH3COOR + CH3CH2OH
Alkoholizaje povratnareakcija.Vrši se ukiselojsredini.
Vježba:prikažite reakciju etiletanoat+etanol.Dali ova reakcijaimasmisla?Zašto?
3. Amonolizaestara
CH3COOCH2CH3 + NH3 → CH3CONH2 + CH3CH2OH
etil-etanoat amonijak etanamid etanol
Amonolizaestaraje povratnareakcija.Odvijase pri povišenoj temperaturi.
REDUKCIJA KARBOKSILNIH KISELINA I NJIHOVIH DERIVATA
(Ponoviti redukciju aldehidai ketonahidridnimjonom)
Podkojimuslovimamože doći doredukcijekarboksilnihkiselinai njihovihderivata?
Prikažite redukciju:
a) Etanske kiseline
b) Etil-etanoata
c) Etanamida
Vježba:
1. Napiši strukturne i molekulske formule sljedećihjedinjenja:
a) Metanskakiselina
b) Etanska kiselina
c) Etanoil-hlorid
d) Etil-etanoat
e) 3-butenskakiselina
f) 3-brombenzoevakiselina
g) 4-etilcikloheksankarboksilnakiselina
h) Propanamid
i) Metilestarbenzoeve kiseline
2. Napiši jednačinezasljedeće reakcije i imenanastalihproizvoda:
a) Oksidacijaetanola
b) Redukcijaetanske kiseline
c) Benzoevakiselina+NaOH
d) Etanska kiselina + amonijum-hidroksid
e) Metil-propanoat + voda
Pripremila:
Nada Trišić,prof.

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Sedma sedmica

  • 1. Sedmasedmica Hemija– drugi razred Čas: 61/62 Nada Trišić,prof. ESTRI KARBOKSILNIH KISELINA Definicija:_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Opštaformula: Nomenklatura Nalaženje estara Dobijanje estara Prikažite reakcijuesterifikacije: etanskakiselina+etanol Podkojimuslovimase odvijareakcijaesterifikacije?___________________________________ Da li je reakcijaesterifikacije povratna?___________________________ Mogu li se estri dobiti nadrugi način?___________________________ Prikaži sljedeće reakcije: a) Alkoholizu(saetanolom) etanoil-hlorida b) Alkoholizu(saetanolom) anhidridasirćetnekiseline c) Alkoholizu(saetanolom) etanamida Fizičke osobine Temperature topljenjasu______________________. Zašto?______________________________ Temperature ključanjaestarasuniže odtemperaturaključanjakiselinaod kojihsupostali. Zašto?________________________________________________________________________
  • 2. Rastvorljivost__________________________________________________________________ Miris______________________________________________________________________ Hemijske osobine estara Estri sureaktivnajedinjenja.Kaoi drugi derivati karboksilnihkiselina,estri podliježureakcijamahidrolize, alkoholizei amonolize. 1. Hidrolizaestara a) Kiselahidroliza CH3COOCH2CH3 + HOH → CH3COOH+ CH3CH2OH etil-etanoat etanskakis. etanol Hidrolizaestaraukiseloj sredini je povratanproces.Kiselahidrolizai esterifikacijasureakcijesuprotnog smjera. b) Bazna hidroliza (saponifikacija) CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaOH → CH3COONa + CH3CH2OH etil-etanoat Na-acetat etanol Bazna hidrolizaje nepovratnareakcija. Uobičajeni nazivsolivišihmasnihkiselinaje sapun.Zbogtogase i bazna hidrolizanazivasaponifikacija. 2. Alkoholizaestara(transesterifikacija) CH3COOCH2CH3 + ROH → CH3COOR + CH3CH2OH Alkoholizaje povratnareakcija.Vrši se ukiselojsredini. Vježba:prikažite reakciju etiletanoat+etanol.Dali ova reakcijaimasmisla?Zašto? 3. Amonolizaestara CH3COOCH2CH3 + NH3 → CH3CONH2 + CH3CH2OH etil-etanoat amonijak etanamid etanol Amonolizaestaraje povratnareakcija.Odvijase pri povišenoj temperaturi. REDUKCIJA KARBOKSILNIH KISELINA I NJIHOVIH DERIVATA (Ponoviti redukciju aldehidai ketonahidridnimjonom) Podkojimuslovimamože doći doredukcijekarboksilnihkiselinai njihovihderivata? Prikažite redukciju: a) Etanske kiseline b) Etil-etanoata c) Etanamida
  • 3. Vježba: 1. Napiši strukturne i molekulske formule sljedećihjedinjenja: a) Metanskakiselina b) Etanska kiselina c) Etanoil-hlorid d) Etil-etanoat e) 3-butenskakiselina f) 3-brombenzoevakiselina g) 4-etilcikloheksankarboksilnakiselina h) Propanamid i) Metilestarbenzoeve kiseline 2. Napiši jednačinezasljedeće reakcije i imenanastalihproizvoda: a) Oksidacijaetanola b) Redukcijaetanske kiseline c) Benzoevakiselina+NaOH d) Etanska kiselina + amonijum-hidroksid e) Metil-propanoat + voda Pripremila: Nada Trišić,prof.