14. Oxazepam
Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine. Oxazepam is used for the
treatment of anxiety and insomnia and in the control of symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
syndrome
16. Synthesis of Barbital
• Barbital can also be synthesized in a condensation
reaction from urea and diethyl-2,2-diethylmalonate, a diethyl
malonate derivative:
urea Diethyl-2,2-diethylmalonate Barbital
18. Amides and imides: Glutethiamide
Glutethimide is a hypnotic sedative that was introduced
by Ciba in 1954 as a safe alternative to barbiturates to
treat insomnia. Before long, however, it had become clear
that glutethimide was just as likely to cause addiction and
caused similar withdrawal symptoms.
19. Alcohol and their carbamate derivatives:
Meprobamate
• Meprobamate is a carbamate derivate with hypnotic, anti-anxiety,
sedative, anticonvulsant and some indirect muscle relaxant
properties. Although the exact mechanism of meprobamate is largely
unknown, it appears to act as a depressant at multiple sites in the
central nervous system, mostly likely through the GABAergic
neurotransmitter system, including the thalamus and limbic system.
20. Aldehyde and their derivatives:
Triclofos sodium
Triclofos is a sedative drug used rarely for
treating insomnia.
Triclofos is a prodrug which is metabolised in the liver into
the active drug trichloroethanol.
21. Paraldehyde
Paraldehyde is the
cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules. Formally, it is a
derivative of 1,3,5-trioxane, with a methyl
groups substituted for a hydrogen atoms in each carbon.
The corresponding tetramer is metaldehyde.
