This ppt gives you adequate information to teach diploma students in medical field.

1. BLOOD GROUPING
PRESENTED BY
MS. SUMI RACHEL SAMUEL

2. BLOOD GROUPING
O The ABO and Rh blood grouping system
is based on agglutination reaction.
O When red blood cells carrying one or both
the antigens are exposed to the
corresponding antibodies they interact
with each other to form visible
agglutination or clumping.

3. FOUNDER
O Landsteiner discovered the common
blood types A, B and O (which he referred
to as A, B and C) in 1901, and Adriano
Sturli and Alfred von Decastello – who
were working under Landsteiner –
discovered type AB a year later in 1902.
O Landsteiner was awarded the 1930
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
for his work.

4. ABO blood group
O ABO blood group system, the
classification of human blood based on
the inherited properties of red blood cells
(erythrocytes) as determined by the
presence or absence of the antigens A
and B, which are carried on the surface of
the red cells.
O Persons may thus have type A, type B,
type O, or type AB blood.

5. O Rh-positive: People with Rh-positive
blood have Rh antigens on the surface of
their red blood cells. People with Rh-
positive blood can receive Rh-positive or
Rh-negative blood.
O Rh-negative: People with Rh-negative
blood do not have Rh antigens. People
with Rh-negative blood can receive only
blood that is also Rh-negative.

6. O Blood typing is done so you can safely
donate your blood or receive a blood
transfusion.
O It is also done to see if you have a
substance called Rh factor on the surface
of your red blood cells.
O Your blood type is based on whether or
not certain proteins are on your red blood
cells. These proteins are called antigens.

7. BLOOD TYPES
O There are four main blood groups (types
of blood) – A, B, AB and O. Your blood
group is determined by the genes you
inherit from your parents.
O Each group can be either RhD positive or
RhD negative, which means in total there
are eight main blood groups.

10. Universal Donor
O O positive is the most common blood
type and most likely to be transfused.
O They are the “Universal Donor.”
O People with O positive blood are
universal red blood cell donors.
O This means that their red blood cells can
be transfused to any blood type.

11. Universal Recipient
O A person who has group AB blood and is
therefore able to receive blood from a
person with any other blood type.
O Group AB blood contains red blood cells
that have both antigens A and B and thus
does not have reactive antibodies in its
plasma to these antigens, which are found
in some other blood types.

12. Rare groups
O People with AB Negative (.6% of the
population) and AB Positive (3.4%) are
potential universal plasma donors.
O In addition to being the most rare blood
type, AB Plasma is universal and can be
used for all patients regardless of their
blood type.

13. Blood types %
O O-positive: 38 percent.
O O-negative: 7 percent.
O A-positive: 34 percent.
O A-negative: 6 percent.
O B-positive: 9 percent.
O B-negative: 2 percent.
O AB-positive: 3 percent.
O AB-negative: 1 percent.

14. Thank You