Details of allergic rhinitis

1. Submitted to Submitted By
Mrs. Antim Prajapat Mr. Rohit Jatav
Asst. Professor M.Pharm (Pharmacology )
(Enrollment No-0826PY21MP42)

2. ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Introduction
Classification
Etiology of Allergic Rhinitis
Clinical manifestation
Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

3. Introduction
Allergies are your body's reaction to a normally
harmless substance such as pollen, molds, animal
dander, latex, certain foods and insect stings. Allergy
symptoms range from mild – rash or hives, itchiness,
runny nose, watery/red eyes – to life-threatening.
Allergic Rhinitis is inflammation of the inside of the
nose caused by an allergen, such as pollen, dust, mould
or flakes of skin from certain animals.

4. Classification

5. Etiology of Allergic Rhinitis
 Allergic rhinitis is triggered by breathing in tiny
particles of allergens.
 The most common airborne allergens that cause
rhinitis are dust mites, pollen and spores, and animal
skin, urine and saliva.

6. Etiology of Allergy

8. Clinical manifestation of allergic
Rhinitis
 Sneezing.
 Coughing.
 Itching (mostly eyes, nose, mouth, throat and skin).
 Runny nose.
 Stuffy nose.
 Headache.
 Pressure in the nose and cheeks.
 Ear fullness and popping.

10. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

11. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
 Antihistamines.
 Steroids (corticosteroids)
 Leukotriene receptor antagonists.
 Chromones (mast cell stabilizers)
 Decongestant nasal drops and sprays.

12. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Antihistamines
 fexofenadine (Allegra 180 mg /120 mg )
 diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
 desloratadine (Clarinex)
 loratadine (Claritin)
 levocetirizine (levocet )
 cetirizine (cetzin)

13. Antihistamines
Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis
common cold, influenza and other allergies.
Itching ,sneezing and inflammatory responses are
suppressed the antihistamines that act on H1 receptors.
Antihistamines that target the Histamine H1 receptors
are used to treat allergic reaction in the nose (itching
,runny nose and sneezing )

14. Antihistamines
Mechanism of Action
The binding of H1 blockers to the histamine prevent the
adverse consequences of histamines stimulation
Lead to vasodilation
Increased gastrointestinal and respiration secretion
Increased capillary permeability

15. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Steroids (corticosteroids)
 Beclomethasone dipropionate (Betnisole )
 Budesonide (Inhaler )
 Flunisolide (Nasal Spray )
 Fluticasone propionate (Inhaler )
 Mometasone furoate (Inhaler )
 Triamcinolone acetonide (Inhaler )

16. Steroids
 Steroids, known medically as corticosteroids, can reduce
inflammation associated with allergies.
 They prevent and treat nasal stuffiness, sneezing, and itchy,
runny nose due to seasonal or year-round allergies.
 They can also decrease inflammation and swelling from
other types of allergic reactions.
 Steroids are a man-made version of chemicals, known as
hormones, that are made naturally in the human body.
 Steroids are designed to act like these hormones to reduce
inflammation.

17. Steroids Machenism of Action

18. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Leukotriene receptor antagonists.
 Montelukast

19. Leukotriene receptor antagonists.
 Leukotriene modifiers, also called leukotriene receptor
antagonists, are a group of medications. which functions as
a leukotriene-related enzyme inhibitor or leukotriene
receptor antagonist and consequently opposes the function
of these inflammatory mediators these are release from the
immune system and serve to promote bronchoconstriction
, inflammation ,micro vascular permeability ,and mucus
secretion in asthma.
 They can help prevent breathing problems associated with
allergies, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. Examples include montelukast, zafirlukast and
zileuton0

20. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Machenism of action

21. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Chromones (mast cell stabilizers)
 Cromolyn nasal solution is used to help prevent or
treat the symptoms (sneezing, wheezing, runny nose,
itching) of seasonal (short-term) or chronic (long-
term) allergic rhinitis. Cromolyn powder for nasal
inhalation is used to help prevent seasonal (short-
term) allergic rhinitis.

22. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Decongestant nasal drops and sprays.
 Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Otrivin )
 phenylephrine hydrochloride (Brexocold )

23. Chromones (mast cell stabilizers)
Machenism of action
 Activate alpha 1 adrenergic receptor
Which cause vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa
 Stimulate beta 2 adrenergic receptor of respiratory
tract
which may result in some bronchodilator