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Disposi&on	
  
•  Defini&on	
  af	
  et	
  na&onalt	
  mytemarked	
  
•  Den	
  na&onal	
  kulturelle	
  kontekst	
  
•  Eksempel:	
  Den	
  amerikansk	
  kulturelle	
  kontekst	
  
•  Interkulturel	
  brandingstrategi	
  
•  Opgavens	
  ”videre”	
  perspek&vering	
  
Defini&on	
  af	
  et	
  na&onalt	
  mytemarked	
  
•  Holts	
  defini&on	
  af	
  et	
  mytemarked:	
  
	
  ”A	
  myth	
  market	
  is	
  as	
  an	
  implicit	
  na1onal	
  conversa1on	
  in	
  
which	
  a	
  wide	
  variety	
  of	
  cultural	
  products	
  compete	
  to	
  provide	
  
the	
  most	
  compelling	
  myth.	
  The	
  topic	
  of	
  the	
  conversa1on	
  is	
  
the	
  na1onal	
  ideology,	
  and	
  it	
  is	
  taken	
  up	
  by	
  many	
  contenders.”	
  
(Cayla	
  &	
  Arnould	
  2008:	
  100)	
  	
  
Na&onal	
  kontekst	
  
Richard	
  Slotkin:	
  	
  
•  Iden&fika&on	
  og	
  fortolkning	
  af	
  transna&onale	
  myter	
  i	
  en	
  
na&onal	
  kontekst	
  
•  Adap&on	
  af	
  transna&onale	
  myter	
  aMænger	
  af	
  den	
  kulturelle	
  
kontekst	
  (referencesystemer	
  og	
  symboler)	
  
•  Mytens	
  funk&on	
  aMænger	
  af,	
  hvordan	
  na&onen	
  forholder	
  sig	
  
&l	
  myter	
  
(Thompson:	
  2004,	
  163)	
  
Amerikansk	
  kontekst	
  	
  
•  De	
  amerikanske	
  myter	
  samler	
  et	
  geografisk	
  stort	
  land	
  med	
  
mange	
  kulturer	
  
•  De	
  amerikanske	
  myter	
  genfortæller	
  og	
  genskaber	
  na&onens	
  
ideologier	
  
•  Myterne	
  er	
  vig&ge	
  for	
  na&onens	
  selvforståelse	
  og	
  na&onale	
  
iden&tet	
  
(Slotkin:	
  1992,	
  5-­‐6)	
  
Amerikansk	
  kontekst	
  
Douglas	
  Holt:	
  Iden&tetsskabende	
  amerikanske	
  myter:	
  
•  The	
  self-­‐made	
  man:	
  økonomisk	
  status	
  gennem	
  hårdt	
  
arbejde	
  
•  The	
  fron&er:	
  ”civilisere”	
  og	
  demokra&sere	
  andre	
  folkeslag	
  
•  The	
  mel&ng	
  pot:	
  immigranter	
  kan	
  transformeres	
  &l	
  
amerikanske	
  værdier	
  
(Holt	
  2004:	
  57)	
  
Interkulturel	
  brandingstrategi	
  
Kragh	
  &	
  Djursaa	
  2000:	
  1304	
  
Interkulturel	
  brandingstrategi	
  
•  Tilpasning	
  af	
  myte	
  &l	
  na&onal	
  kontekst:	
  
–  M	
  (myte)	
  +	
  K	
  (kulturelle	
  kontekst)	
  =	
  MK	
  (	
  kulturelt	
  
integreret	
  myte)	
  	
  
Amerikansk	
  kontekst	
  
•  Tilpasning	
  af	
  rebel-­‐myte	
  &l	
  amerikansk	
  kontekst	
  
(referencesystemer)	
  
•  Små	
  justeringer	
  e_ersom	
  ”rebel-­‐myten”	
  er	
  genfortalt	
  gennem	
  
kultursymboler	
  fx	
  James	
  Dean,	
  American	
  Beauty,	
  hippie-­‐
bevægelsen	
  
•  Stor	
  værdi,	
  hvis	
  myten	
  rodfæster	
  sig	
  i	
  kulturen	
  
•  Myten	
  skal	
  tage	
  højde	
  for	
  acodningstrategier	
  (kulturel	
  
kapital):	
  ”demythologizing”:	
  stereotyper	
  og	
  kulturelle	
  klichér	
  
Opgavens	
  ”videre”	
  perspek&vering	
  
•  FX	
  Dove	
  ”Real	
  women	
  have	
  real	
  curves”	
  
•  Per	
  Østergaard:	
  	
  	
  
•  Frem&dens	
  forbruger:	
  konstruerer	
  sin	
  iden&tet	
  ud	
  fra	
  et	
  
”bricolage”	
  af	
  symbolske	
  udtryksformer:	
  ALT	
  er	
  symboler	
  
•  Frem&dens	
  branding:	
  skal	
  kunne	
  acode	
  de	
  komplekse	
  
symboler	
  	
   (Østergaard	
  2011;	
  Holt	
  2002:	
  81)	
  
Lileratur	
  
•  Cayla,	
  J.,	
  Arnould,	
  E.J.(2008).	
  A	
  Cultural	
  Aprroach	
  to	
  Branding	
  in	
  the	
  Global	
  Marketplace.	
  
Journal	
  of	
  Interna&onal	
  Marke&ng.16(4),88-­‐114	
  
•  Kragh,	
  S.K,	
  Djursaa,	
  M	
  (2000).	
  Product	
  Syntax	
  and	
  the	
  Cross-­‐cultural	
  Marke&ng.	
  European	
  
Journal	
  Marke&ng,	
  53	
  (11),	
  1301-­‐1320	
  
•  Holt,D.B.(2002).Why	
  Brands	
  Cause	
  Trouble?	
  –	
  A	
  dialec&cal	
  theory	
  of	
  consumer	
  culture	
  and	
  
branding.	
  Journal	
  of	
  Consumer	
  Research,	
  29,	
  70-­‐88.	
  
•  Holt,	
  D.	
  (2004).	
  How	
  Brands	
  Become	
  Icons:	
  The	
  Principles	
  of	
  Cultural	
  Branding.	
  Cambridge,	
  
MA:	
  Harvard	
  Business	
  School	
  Press	
  
•  Thompson,	
  Craig	
  J.	
  (2004),”	
  Marketplace	
  Mythology	
  and	
  Discourses	
  of	
  Power,”	
  Journal	
  of	
  
Consumer	
  Research,	
  31	
  (June),	
  162–80.	
  
•  Slotkin,	
  R.	
  (1992).	
  Gunfighter	
  Na&on	
  –	
  The	
  Myth	
  of	
  the	
  Fron&er	
  in	
  Twen&eth-­‐	
  Century	
  New	
  
York:	
  HarperCollins	
  Publishers	
  
•  Østergaard,	
  P.	
  2011.	
  Apropos....&llidskrise:	
  hlp://www.dr.dk/P1/Apropos/Udsendelser/
2011/11/07152521.htm	
  	
  

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Brand Analysis of an Anti-brand Brand

  • 1.
  • 2. Disposi&on   •  Defini&on  af  et  na&onalt  mytemarked   •  Den  na&onal  kulturelle  kontekst   •  Eksempel:  Den  amerikansk  kulturelle  kontekst   •  Interkulturel  brandingstrategi   •  Opgavens  ”videre”  perspek&vering  
  • 3. Defini&on  af  et  na&onalt  mytemarked   •  Holts  defini&on  af  et  mytemarked:    ”A  myth  market  is  as  an  implicit  na1onal  conversa1on  in   which  a  wide  variety  of  cultural  products  compete  to  provide   the  most  compelling  myth.  The  topic  of  the  conversa1on  is   the  na1onal  ideology,  and  it  is  taken  up  by  many  contenders.”   (Cayla  &  Arnould  2008:  100)    
  • 4. Na&onal  kontekst   Richard  Slotkin:     •  Iden&fika&on  og  fortolkning  af  transna&onale  myter  i  en   na&onal  kontekst   •  Adap&on  af  transna&onale  myter  aMænger  af  den  kulturelle   kontekst  (referencesystemer  og  symboler)   •  Mytens  funk&on  aMænger  af,  hvordan  na&onen  forholder  sig   &l  myter   (Thompson:  2004,  163)  
  • 5. Amerikansk  kontekst     •  De  amerikanske  myter  samler  et  geografisk  stort  land  med   mange  kulturer   •  De  amerikanske  myter  genfortæller  og  genskaber  na&onens   ideologier   •  Myterne  er  vig&ge  for  na&onens  selvforståelse  og  na&onale   iden&tet   (Slotkin:  1992,  5-­‐6)  
  • 6. Amerikansk  kontekst   Douglas  Holt:  Iden&tetsskabende  amerikanske  myter:   •  The  self-­‐made  man:  økonomisk  status  gennem  hårdt   arbejde   •  The  fron&er:  ”civilisere”  og  demokra&sere  andre  folkeslag   •  The  mel&ng  pot:  immigranter  kan  transformeres  &l   amerikanske  værdier   (Holt  2004:  57)  
  • 7. Interkulturel  brandingstrategi   Kragh  &  Djursaa  2000:  1304  
  • 8. Interkulturel  brandingstrategi   •  Tilpasning  af  myte  &l  na&onal  kontekst:   –  M  (myte)  +  K  (kulturelle  kontekst)  =  MK  (  kulturelt   integreret  myte)    
  • 9. Amerikansk  kontekst   •  Tilpasning  af  rebel-­‐myte  &l  amerikansk  kontekst   (referencesystemer)   •  Små  justeringer  e_ersom  ”rebel-­‐myten”  er  genfortalt  gennem   kultursymboler  fx  James  Dean,  American  Beauty,  hippie-­‐ bevægelsen   •  Stor  værdi,  hvis  myten  rodfæster  sig  i  kulturen   •  Myten  skal  tage  højde  for  acodningstrategier  (kulturel   kapital):  ”demythologizing”:  stereotyper  og  kulturelle  klichér  
  • 10. Opgavens  ”videre”  perspek&vering   •  FX  Dove  ”Real  women  have  real  curves”   •  Per  Østergaard:       •  Frem&dens  forbruger:  konstruerer  sin  iden&tet  ud  fra  et   ”bricolage”  af  symbolske  udtryksformer:  ALT  er  symboler   •  Frem&dens  branding:  skal  kunne  acode  de  komplekse   symboler     (Østergaard  2011;  Holt  2002:  81)  
  • 11. Lileratur   •  Cayla,  J.,  Arnould,  E.J.(2008).  A  Cultural  Aprroach  to  Branding  in  the  Global  Marketplace.   Journal  of  Interna&onal  Marke&ng.16(4),88-­‐114   •  Kragh,  S.K,  Djursaa,  M  (2000).  Product  Syntax  and  the  Cross-­‐cultural  Marke&ng.  European   Journal  Marke&ng,  53  (11),  1301-­‐1320   •  Holt,D.B.(2002).Why  Brands  Cause  Trouble?  –  A  dialec&cal  theory  of  consumer  culture  and   branding.  Journal  of  Consumer  Research,  29,  70-­‐88.   •  Holt,  D.  (2004).  How  Brands  Become  Icons:  The  Principles  of  Cultural  Branding.  Cambridge,   MA:  Harvard  Business  School  Press   •  Thompson,  Craig  J.  (2004),”  Marketplace  Mythology  and  Discourses  of  Power,”  Journal  of   Consumer  Research,  31  (June),  162–80.   •  Slotkin,  R.  (1992).  Gunfighter  Na&on  –  The  Myth  of  the  Fron&er  in  Twen&eth-­‐  Century  New   York:  HarperCollins  Publishers   •  Østergaard,  P.  2011.  Apropos....&llidskrise:  hlp://www.dr.dk/P1/Apropos/Udsendelser/ 2011/11/07152521.htm