PPT on DoE

1. Contribution of Experimental Design
and Multi Response Optimization
Techniques to Optimize Diesel Engine
Design and Operating Variables

2. Objectives
 To understand the importance of controlling the engine emissions which are
harmful to the environment and human health.
 To identify the tradeoff between the emission characteristics and performance
characteristics of the engine.
 To realize the need of Designed experiments and optimization techniques in
optimizing the engine design and operating variables to enhance the engine
performance and reduced emissions.

3. Pollution Statistics
 As per the report revealed by IQ Air visual in the year
2019 , India has 22 cities in the top 30 cities polluted
in the world .
 The Pollution created by the automotive engines play
a vital role.

4. Organizations and Agencies
Organization and Agencies Towards Pollution Control
 EPA – Environment Protection Agency
 OECD - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
 IPCC – International Panel on Climatic Change
 IEA – International Energy Agency
 EEA – European Environmental Agency

5. Top Ten Polluted Capitals in the World

6. Why Diesel Engines ?
• Low-operating costs,
• Energy efficiency,
• High durability
• Reliability.

7. Diesel Engine Emissions
S.NO Pollutants
1 Carbon Mono Oxide (CO)
2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
3 Oxides of Nitrogen (Nox)
4 Unburnt HydroCarbon (UHC)
5 Soot Particles
6 Particulate Matter (PM)

8. Pollution Impacts
I. Impact on Environment due to Emissions
Climate Change
Ocean Acidification
Rise in Sea level
II. Impact on Human Health due to Emissions
Cancer
Heart Attack
Respiratory Problems

9. Methods to Reduce Emissions
• Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) to control CO, and
HC emissions.
• Diesel particulate filter (DPF) to control PM
emissions.
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to control NOx
emissions.

10. Design of Experiments
• Design of Experiments (DoE) is a systematic method to determine
the relationship between factors affecting a process and the output of
that process. In other words, it is used to find cause-and-effect
relationships. This information is needed to manage process inputs
in order to optimize the output.
• Through the DoE techniques it is possible to generate reduced
experimental design, modeling the system response
• Ex : Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array , Response Surface
Methodology

11. Advantages of DOE
 Does not require a large number of runs (cost effectiveness)
 Does not require too many levels of the independent variables
 Provides reasonable robustness against errors in control of design levels
 Ensures simplicity of calculation of the model parameters
 Results in a good fit of the model to the data
 Allows model adequacy, including lack of fit, to be investigated
 Provides an internal estimate of the “pure” experimental error
 Allows experiments to be performed in blocks
 Allows designs of increasing order to be built up sequentially

12. Diesel Engine Emissions
S.NO Pollutants
1 Carbon Mono Oxide (CO)
2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
3 Oxides of Nitrogen (Nox)
4 Unburnt HydroCarbon (UHC)
5 Soot Particles
6 Particulate Matter (PM)

13. Performance Characteristics
S.NO Performance Characteristics
1 Brake Mean Effective Pressure
2 Brake Power
3 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
4 Brake Thermal Efficiency
5 Brake Torque
6 Effective Efficiency
7 Effective Power
8 Specific Fuel Consumption

14. Design and Operating Variables
S.NO Design and Operating Variables
1 Air Fuel Ratio
2 Blending Fuel Ratio (%)
3 Compression Ratio (CR)
4 Engine Size
5
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Ratio
(EGRR)
6 Injection Pressure (Bar)
7
Injection Timing (Before TDC in
Degrees)
8 Intake Temperature and Pressure of Air
9 Load (Kg)
10 Speed (RPM)

15. Alternative Fuel Blends
S.NO Performance Characteristics
1 Argemone Mexicana Biodiesel
2 Biodiesel Methanol Blend
3 Butanol
4 Cassia Tora Methyl Ester
5 Corn Oil Methyl Ester
6 Cotton Seed Oil
7 Ethanol
8 Honge Oil - Ethanol Blend
9 Methanol

16. Similarities
1.