Brain fingerprinting technology uses electrical brain wave responses to determine what information is stored in a person's brain. It was invented by Lawrence Farewell and measures the MERMER (Memory and Encoding Related Multifaceted Electroencephalographic) signal, specifically the P300 brain response. The technique presents stimuli on a screen while measuring brain waves through electrodes on the scalp to analyze the brain's response and determine if information about a certain event is present or absent in the subject's mind. The technology has applications in national security, medicine, and solving crimes.

1. WELCOME

2. BRAIN FINGER PRINTING
TECHNOLOGY
Guided by,
By,
Abitha Abbas Mohammed Zaajin K J
ECE Department S7 ECE
Roll no..25

3. BRAIN FINGER PRINTING
TECHNOLOGY
A Controversy in Forensic science

4. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• THE INVENTION
• WORKING
• MERMER
• P300
• OPERATING MECHANISM
• STAGES OF BRAIN FINGER PRINTING
• TYPES OF STIMULI USED
• FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS
• LIMITATIONS
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCE
• THANK YOU

5. INTRODUCTION
• Brain Fingerprinting technique used to determine
scientifically what information is, or is not stored in a
particular brain.
• This is a computer based technology designed to
determine hidden information in individual’s brain by
measuring electrical brain wave responses to words,
phrases, or pictures presented on a computer screen.
• Measures the response to the Visual and the Audio
stimulus.
• Stimulus is a thing or event that evokes a specific
functional reaction in an organ or tissue.

6. THE INVENTION
• Brain fingerprinting was invented by Lawrence
Farewell.
• Brain Fingerprinting technology is based on an
electrical signal known as MERMER.
• Brain fingerprints are measured by an EEG event-
related potential, a P300-MERMER.

7. WORKING
• Brain fingerprinting methods uses a signal which is
known as MERMER i.e. Memory and Encoding Related
Multifaceted Electroencephalographic.
• A sequence of words, phrases, or pictures is
presented on a video monitor to the subject, wearing
a special headband designed for detecting the brain
wave responses.
• Actually when brain recognizes something, there is
some change in the neuron activity, causing change in
brainwave signals.

8. Contd…
• On the basis of these changes in brain wave signals
scientists determine that a particular information is
present in the subject mind or not
• The entire Brain Fingerprinting system is under
computer control, including presentation of the
stimuli, recording of electrical brain activity, a
mathematical data analysis algorithm that compares
the responses of stimuli and produces a determination
of "information absent“.

9. MERMER
• Memory and Encoding Related Multifaceted
Electroencephalographic response.
• A MERMER is an electrical signal which is apart of the
brainwave observed in response to familiar information.
• It is a patented device and comes along with a head
gear.

10. P300
• Specific, measurable brain response emitted by the
brain of a subject who has the relevant information
stored in his brain.
• The P300 -an electrically positive component maximal
at the parietal scalp site

11. FIG : Showing the experimental setup

12. OPERATING MECHANISM
Picture/word
shown to an
individual
(Stimulus)
Triggers neurons
of brain
Generates
brainwave
(P300)
Electrical
Potentials
Accumulate in
brain
(MERMER)
Headgear fitted
with
Electrodes placed
on scalp
P300 –MERMER
(an scalp ERP
EEG)
Measures
brainwaves
Generates analog
signals
EEG
amplifier
Study
the data
Using a
computer
program
Found Guilty/
Not guilty

13. TYPES OF STIMULI USED
• Probes
– Life-experience related
– Relevant to the investigated event -recognizable and noteworthy only
for the subjects who had participated in the event (MERMER)
• Targets
– Push a button to indicate known image
– Contains relevant information
• Irrelevant Stimuli
– information relevant to the crime that the suspect claims to have no
knowledge of

15. How Brain Waves are used to detect guilt?
A suspect is tested by looking at three kinds of information
represented by different colored lines :
RED : Information the suspect is expected to know
It arises due to target type stimulus.
GREEN: Information not to suspect. The irrelevant stimuli
is responsible for this type of brain waves.
BLUE: Information of the crime that only perpetrator
would know. This occurs due to probes.

16. In this figure the red and
blue lines are closely
correlated, suspect has
knowledge of crime
Information regarding the
crime is not known.

17. STAGES OF BRAIN
FINGERPRINTING
• Crime Scene
Evidence Collection
• Brain Evidence
collection
• Computer Evidence
Analysis
• Scientific Result

18. FEATURES & APPLICATIONS
•The National Security is one of the applications regarding this.
•It is applied in the Medical field.
•Basically Brain fingerprinting is not lie detection. It is different
from polygraph(lie-detector), which measures emotion-based
physiological signals such as heart rate, sweating and blood
pressure
•It can help solve crimes.
•Advertising

19. LIMITATIONS
•Brain fingerprinting detects information-processing brain
responses that reveal what information is stored in the
subject's brain.It does not detect how that information
got there.
•It does not indicate intent of the crime
•Difficult to distinguish the criminal and a witness who
saw all the crime activity happen.

20. CONCLUSION
• It would be inappropriate to generalize the
results of the present research because of the
small sample of subjects.
• But the 100% accuracy and high confidence
level of the results, however, provide further
support for results from previous research using
brain MERMER testing.

21. REFERENCE