2. TRAUMA :
Traumatic dental injuries often occur as a
result of an accident or sports injury.
It affects to the mouth, including teeth, lips,
gums, tongue, and jawbones. Soft tissue
injuries to the mouth and dental trauma
are typically very painful and should
receive proper treatment. The most
common dental trauma is a broken or lost
tooth.
3.
4. Concussion (dental):
An injury to the tooth –supporting structure
without abnormal loosening or displacement
of the tooth, but with marked reaction to
percussion.
- Tooth is not mobile
- Not displaced
- periodontal ligament (PDL) absorbs injury +
inflammed ⎫ leaves tooth tender to biting
pressure + percussion
6. Displacement :
Extrusion – tooth out of alveolus; highly mobile
Intrusion – tooth into the alveolus; not mobile
Lateral luxation – tooth displaced in any direction; . not mobile
7. Avulsion:
complete displacement of a tooth from its socket in
the alveolar bone, and it is one of the most
traumatic dental injuries which originates exposure
of the cells of the periodontal ligament to the
external environment as well as disruption of the
blood supply to the pulp
10. Simple mandibular fracture:
A simple fracture is a break in the bone that does
not produce an open wound in the skin.
- complete or incomplete.
- Tissue adjacent to the fracture may or may not
suffer considerable injury.
- Also known as closed fracture
12. COMPOUND FRACURE :
Compound Fracture / Open fracture :
- with an external wound extending to the bone.
- Communication is an invitation for
contamination.
- Fracture communicates with the external
wound, involving skin, mucosa, or periodontal
membrane
14. Compound comminuted fracture:
This injury happens when bone breaks into three
or more pieces. Fractures can be open or closed.
If skin breaks open from the wound,
call it a comminuted open or compound fracture
15. Crepitus :
(grinding sound) is usually an indication of
advanced TMJ damage (degenerative changes).
Crepitus is usually due to a tear in the disc or the
posterior
16. Mandibular dislocation
It is the displacement of the mandibular condyle from
the articular groove in the temporal bone. Most
dislocations are managed and reduced in the
emergency department with elective follow-up
18. Le Fort I fracture
Are anessentially a separation of the hard palate
from the upper maxilla due to a transverse
fracture running through the maxilla and pterygoid
plates at a level just above the floor of the nose.
19. Le Fort II fracture
The Le Fort II fracture is also referred to as a
pyramidal fracture.
It commonly extends from the pterygoid plate
through the maxilla, through the nasal orbital ethmoid
area, and nasofrontal bone. Patients with Le Fort II
injuries are often admitted to hospital unconscious
and intubated.
20. Le Fort III fracture
Also called cranial-facial separation, the fracture
line in this injury passes from the nasofrontal area
across the medial, posterior, and lateral orbital
walls, the zygomatic arch, and through the upper
portion of pterygoid plates.
22. Abrasion
Tooth abrasion is where your teeth start to lose
enamel due to some sort of outside mechanical
action.
in other words, your teeth are physically worn
down by an external force.
23. Attrition
is the loss of tooth structure or tissue caused by tooth-on-tooth
contact.
is a type of tooth wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact,[1] resulting in
loss of tooth tissue, usually starting at the incisal or occlusal surfaces.
24. Erosion
is the loss of the surface of your teeth due to
chemical process ( acids you eat or drink, or
acids coming up from your stomach) . These acids
can dissolve the crystals that make up your teeth,
leading to tooth surface loss.
25. Abfraction
Is a type of noncarious cervical lesion (NCCL)
characterized by loss of tooth tissues with different
clinical appearances.
26. Iatrogenic trauma
Iatrogenic trauma can be defined as any trauma that
has been induced by the dentist's activity, manner, or
therapy. The aim of this article is to present traumatic
oral tissue lesions of iatrogenic origin.
27. Oro-antral fistula
Is a complication of the maxillary posterior teeth that
can occur after a tooth extraction that affects the
maxillary sinus.
28. Class I (single condyle)-
is a repetitive strain injury that
results in a fracture to the
cannon bone above the fetlock
due to large loads transmitted
over the cannon bone during
high-speed exercise.
classification for mandibular fractures
29. Class II (Angle/Ramus/Coronoid)
Ramus fracture
Involve a region inferiorly bounded by an oblique line
extending from the lower third molar (wisdom tooth)
region to the posteroinferior attachment of the
masseter muscle,
Angle fracture
is an anatomically weak and an area susceptible to
fracture. The presence of an impacted or partially erupted
third molar tooth further weakens it
30. coronoid fracture
are traumatic elbow fractures that are generally
pathognomonic for an episode of elbow instability
Class III (Body/Parasymphysis/Symphysis)
Body fracture
usually occur between the distal aspect of the canine
and a hypothetical line that corresponds to the region of
anterior attachment of the masseter muscle.
31. Parasymphysis fracture
is the single central unit of the mandibular arch.
Its lateral edges are determined by the roots of the
lower canines and thus this region matches with the
intercanine bone portion
Symphysis fracture
is the line of fusion of the lateral halves of the
body of the mandible which splits inferiorly to
form the mental protuberance
32.
33. How to reimplant teeth?
Use the contralateral tooth as a guide for orientation if needed. If
the tooth has been out of the socket > 20 minutes but < 2 hours,
soak the tooth in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS; the
preferred treatment) for 30 minutes to re-vitalize the cells of the
periodontal fibers, then reimplant the tooth.
