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PRACTICAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT ON CONDUCTION OF EXHIBITION ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
1. PRACTICAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT
ON
CONDUCTION OF EXHIBITION ON MATERNAL AND CHILD
HEALTH
Submitted by:
MPH 3rd
Semester
(HPE Group)
Master of Public Health Program
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal
November, 2019
2. i
PRACTICAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT ON CONDUCTION
OF EXHIBITION ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
A PSD Report
Submitted By:
MPH 3rd Semester
(HPE Group)
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of Master of Public Health (MPH, III Semester on Analysis of Health
Promotion, Education and Communication Management in Nepal Practical
(PSD 625)
Master of Public Health Program
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Pokhara University
Kaski, Nepal
November, 2019
3. ii
APPROVAL
MPH III Semester (HPE Group) has prepared the Practical Skill Development (PSD) report
entitled “EXHIBITION ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH” The PSD report has
been prepared and presented for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Master of Public Health (MPH) and forwarded for final evaluation.
___________________________
Prof. Dr. Arun Kumar Koirala
Date:
Master of Public Health (MPH) Program, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara Metropolitan-30, Kaski, Nepal.
This report/proposal has been reviewed and accepted
Accepted with condition
Not accepted
External Examiners
1. Name: Signature: Date:
2. Name: Signature: Date:
Mr. ChiranjiviAdhikari Dr. Damaru Pd. Paneru School Seal
Program Coordinator Director
4. iii
DECLARATION
To the best of our knowledge and belief we declare that this PSD report entitled “
EXHIBITION ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH” is the result of our own practical
skill development work and contains no material previously published by any other person
except where due acknowledgement has been made. This PSD report contains no material, which
has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university.
Name Symbol
number
PU Regd. No: Signature
Binita Poudel 18700001 2018-4-70-0001
Jene Shrestha 18700002 2018-4-70-0002
Mohammad Aslam
Shaikh
18700003 2018-4-70-0003
Nabin Prasad Chaudhary 18700004 2018-4-70-0004
Santosh Pahari 18700005 2018-4-70-0005
Sharmila Baral 18700006 2018-4-70-0006
5. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study has been completed with the guidance, suggestions and help from many individuals.
We are deeply indebted to those who have contributed in this research study and made it
possible.
First and foremost, we are grateful to all participants for their valuable time and kind support us
for successful conduction of exhibition. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to
Masters of Public Health Program, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University for
providing us an opportunity to carry out this exhibition programme.
We acknowledge Mr. DC Thapa, In-charge, Rupakot Health Post and Health Post family for
necessary technical and logistic support.
We would like to express indebtedness appreciation to Dr. Damaru Prasad Paneru, Director,
School of Health and Allied Sciences. We sincerely acknowledge the contributions of Mr.
Chiranjivi Adhikari, Program Coordinator of MPH, for his kind cooperation and guidance
throughout the program.
Our heartiest gratitude goes to subject teacher Prof. Dr. Arun Koirala for his continuous
inspiration, valuable guidance and suggestions. Her dedication and contributions at every pace of
work helped us to carry out our work smoothly and sustain quality of work.
We acknowledge administration and management body of School of Health and Allied Sciences
for necessary logistic management.
Lastly, we would like to express our sincere thanks to all those who were directly and indirectly
involved in the entire process of our practical skill development.
MPH III BATCH (HPE)
6. v
CONTENTS
APPROVAL .............................................................................................................................. ii
DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................................... iv
CONTENTS ...............................................................................................................................v
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................1
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of problem.........................................................................................................3
1.3 Rationale ...........................................................................................................................4
1.4 Objectives .........................................................................................................................4
1.4.1 General objective........................................................................................................4
1.4.2 Specific objectives......................................................................................................4
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................5
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................8
3.1 Project area........................................................................................................................8
3.2 Project techniques and tools...............................................................................................8
CHAPTER IV: PROCESS AND CONTENTS............................................................................9
4.1 Process of exhibition: ........................................................................................................9
4.2 Content of exhibition ..................................................................................................10
4.2.1 Safe motherhood...........................................................................................................10
4.2.2 Breastfeeding................................................................................................................16
4.2.3 Nutrition Corner ...........................................................................................................19
4.2.4 Family planning............................................................................................................22
4.2.5 Immunization ...............................................................................................................26
4.2.6 WASH Corner:.............................................................................................................27
8. 1
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Safe motherhood and a healthy childhood are still challenges in Nepal. More than a decade after
the launch of the Safe Motherhood Programme, Nepal faces one of the highest rates of maternal
mortality and chronic child malnutrition in the world. Nutritional well being of the population is
crucial for accelerated attainment of many of the Sustainable Development Goals (National
Planning Commission [NPC], 2015). Malnutrition is a major public health problem in most of
the developing countries and is more common among under-five year’s children (Bhandari and
Chhetri, 2013). Nutrition education and counseling is a widely used strategy to improve the
nutritional status.
Children’s nutritional status
More than one-third (36%) of children under five in Nepal are stunted, or too short for their age.
Stunting is more common in rural children (40%), compared to urban children (32%). Overall,
10% of children are wasted (too thin for height), a sign of acute malnutrition. In addition, 27% of
children are underweight or too thin for their age. Similarly 36% of children’s are stunted.
Women’s and men’s nutritional status
Overall, 17% of women are thin (body mass index or BMI < 18.5). Comparatively, 22% of
women are overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25.0). Among men, 17% are thin (BMI < 18.5) and 17%
are overweight or obese. More than half (53%) of children age 6-59 months are anaemic.
Anaemia is more common in rural children (56%). Four in ten women age 15-49 in Nepal are
anaemic. Anaemia prevalence ranges from a low of 28% in Province 4 to 58% in Province 2.
Family planning services are defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities
which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their
children and to select the means by which this may be achieved. Family planning, as defined by
the United Nations and the World Health Organization, encompasses services leading up to
conception.
9. 2
Concerns about high fertility and low contraceptive prevalence rate in Nepal have stimulated
policy and program efforts aimed at promoting family planning in the country. Family planning
continues to be a priority in Nepal, as evidenced by the country’s commitments to the FP 2020
program and to the family planning targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. The Nepal
Health Sector Strategy 2016-2021 aims to expand equitable access to and utilization of high-
quality family planning services, strengthen public and private sector health systems, increase the
availability of modern family planning methods to enable couples and individuals to exercise
informed choice, and satisfy the demand for family planning (Ministry of Health 2017a).
The use of mass media and conduction of awareness campaigns to achieve these objectives has
recently increased and both government and private sectors are involving in developing and
implementing different approach of family planning promotion campaigns throughout the nation.
To increase immunization coverage in Nepal, the government has invested in efforts and
resources to improve the service delivery system of the national immunization programme. The
public sector is the primary provider of immunization services, although the private sector is
increasingly providing such services. The government provides all vaccine included in the
programme free-of-charge. Nepal has been implemented to improve coverage and the health and
survival of children through community mobilization of unvaccinated and under-vaccinated
communities to increase coverage. Furthermore, to increase access to vaccination in geographic
areas with low coverage, the government has identified bottlenecks in supply of services and has
mobilized local resources to intensify outreach clinics and mobile clinics.(WHO, 2016/17)
Since FY 2069/70 (2012/13), Nepal has initiated and implemented a unique initiative known as
‘full immunization program’. This program addresses issues of social inequity in immunization
as every child regardless of social or geographical aspect within an administrative boundary are
meant to be fully immunized under this program. As of end of FY 2074/75, a total of 80 %
palikas, and 56 out of 77 districts have been declared ‘fully immunized’. Gandaki Province has
declared their province as fully immunized province.
Overall, the National Immunization Program is considered as the main contributor towards
decline of infant and child mortality, and has contributed significantly in achieving MDG Goal 4
of reducing child mortality.(NPC MDG Status Report, 2000-15)
10. 3
Universal access to safe drinking water, sanitation and adequate hygiene (WASH) services is
essential to population health, welfare and development. Preventable water-related diseases
claim million of lives in the world annually. The world has made considerable progress from
1990 to 2018, with most countries achieving global targets for drinking-water and sanitation.
Sufficient, affordable and safely managed drinking-water, sanitation, and improved hygiene
behaviours can cut this number dramatically. (WHO, 2019)
Clean water, basic toilets and good hygiene practices are essential for the survival and
development of children. Today, there are around 2.4 billion people who do not use improved
sanitation, and 663 million who do not have access to improved water sources. Without these
basic needs, the lives of millions of children are at risk. For children under five, water- and
sanitation-related diseases are one of the leading causes of death. Every day, over 800 children
die from preventable diseases caused by poor water, and a lack of sanitation and hygiene.
(UNICEF)
1.2 Statement of problem
According to Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2016 the country experiences 239
maternal deaths per 100 000 live births. Infant and under-5 mortality rates in Nepal are 32 and 39
deaths per 1,000 live births, respectively. At these mortality levels, 1 in 25 children in Nepal
does not survive to their fifth birthday. The neonatal mortality rate is 21 deaths per 1,000 live
births. WHO recommends that children receive nothing but breast milk (exclusive breastfeeding)
for the first six months of life. Two-thirds of children under six months are exclusively breastfed.
Children under three breastfeed for an average of 30.5 months and are exclusively breastfed for
4.3 months. Complementary foods should be introduced when a child is six months old to reduce
the risk of malnutrition. In Nepal, 83% of children age 6-8 months are breastfed and receive
complementary foods. Ninety-five percent of households in Nepal have iodized salt.
Vaccination coverage among children age 12-23 months for all basic vaccines varies across
Nepal, ranging from 65% in Province 2 to 93% in Province 4.The percentage of children age 12-
23 months who received all basic vaccinations increases with increasing mother’s educational
attainment. Vaccination coverage is lowest among children whose mothers have no education
(68%) and highest among those whose mothers have an SLC or higher (91%).(NDHS 2016)
11. 4
1.3 Rationale
Improving the well-being of mothers, infants, and children is an important public health goal.
Their well-being determines the health of the next generation and can help predict future public
health challenges for families, communities, and the health care system. The objectives of the
Maternal, Infant, and Child Health topic area address a wide range of conditions, health
behaviors, and health systems indicators that affect the health, wellness, and quality of life of
women, children, and families.(“Maternal, Infant, and Child Health,” 2019)
In this context, we public health students had organized one day public health promotion
campaign on maternal and child health in which all important component of MCH/RH had also
been integrated with the motto not only for creating awareness but also for stimulating people's
desire for more information and facilitating their efforts to apply the information to their own
behavior
1.4 Objectives
1.4.1 General objective
● To design the framework for exhibition on maternal and child health to aware the
community people on maternal and child health
1.4.2 Specific objectives
To impart knowledge and information regarding safe motherhood, nutrition, family
planning, immunization, water and sanitation to adolescents, reproductive age mothers
and other community people that leads to appropriate application on their behavior.
To develop coordination and collaboration skills to work with different organization and
resource planning skills to organize exhibition event
To enhance communication and Interpersonal skills during exhibition.
To develop time management skills by ensuring efficient running the exhibition event
To develop managerial skills to delegate tasks and ensure all the assigned activities done
well and within the timeframe and budget
To evaluate the effectiveness of exhibition on Maternal and child health.
12. 5
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
As with most other health service utilization, the Hill Brahman and Newar women have the
highest levels of use of all essential antenatal services. In contrast, Dalit and Janajati women
have relatively low levels of utilization of all services. The utilization of these services among
Muslim women varies; while only 35 percent made at least four ANC visits, 87 percent received
tetanus injections that protected their babies against neonatal tetanus. (NDHS 2011)
Delivery care plays a significant role in the welfare of both mothers and babies. Specifically, it is
important that babies are delivered by skilled providers with adequate medical supervision,
proper medical attention, and hygienic conditions during delivery, whether in hospital or at home
(Graham et al., 2001). Increasing the percentage of births delivered in health facilities or in the
presence of an SBA reduces deaths from complications of pregnancy. Nationally, the percentage
of women who delivered with assistance from a SBA is low, at 36 percent in 2011. (NDHS
2011)
Globally 3.1 million children die each year in their neonatal period (first 28 days of life)
according to World Health Organization (WHO) 2011 report. Half of these surprisingly occur
within the first 24 h of delivery and 75% occur in the early neonatal period (0 to 6 days after
delivery) because of preterm births, severe infections and birth asphyxia (Chichiabellu et al.,
2018)
Infant and young child feeding practices have a direct effect on the nutritional status of under
two children which ultimately impact child survival.(WHO 2015). The optimal feeding
practices are poor with complementary feeding practices among 6 to 23 months of
age.(Basnet D, 2016).
A cross-sectional study was conducted in in Lamjung, Gorkha and Tanahun to find the
nutritional status of 6 to 59 months of children and its associated factors. Results showed that the
significant numbers of under-five children were malnourished. The prevalence of wasting,
stunting and underweight among the children were 10.6%. 53.9% and 20.8% respectively. Boys
were more likely to be wasted, stunted and underweight compared to girls.(Dhungana GP,2017)
13. 6
Poor nutritional status is an alarming public health problem in Nepal. Malnutrition, iron
deficiency anemia and other micronutrient deficiency disorders among the children, adolescents
and women are some major nutritional health problems prevailing in Nepal (WHO, 2008).
WHO defines early initiation of breastfeeding as ‘provision of mother’s breast milk to infants
within one hour of birth’.(WHO, 2019) .A study conducted on the effect of mother’s educational
status on early initiation of breastfeeding: further analysis of three consecutive Nepal
Demographic and Health Surveys published in 2015 found a significant increase in the
percentage of early initiation of breastfeeding during three surveys. They suggest future
interventions should focus on increasing girl’s and women’s education program through formal
or non-formal education programs, respectively. While school education is feasible for a girl
child, adult learning approaches using literacy programs for adults, counseling, peer educations
using through peer education would be more suitable for adult women who did not have a chance
to go to school during their childhood.(Acharya and Khanal, 2015)
UNFPA states that, “Poorer women and those in rural areas often have less access to family
planning services. Certain groups including adolescents, unmarried people, the urban poor, rural
populations, sex workers and people living with HIV also face a variety of barriers to family
planning. This can lead to higher rates of unintended pregnancy, increased risk of HIV and other
STIs, limited choice of contraceptive methods, and higher levels of unmet need for family
planning.” (UNFPA, 2016)
214 million women of reproductive age in developing countries who want to avoid pregnancy
are not using a modern contraceptive method. Some FP methods, such as condoms, help prevent
the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Family planning reduces the
need for abortion, especially unsafe abortion. Family planning reinforces people’s rights to
determine the number and spacing of their children. By preventing unintended pregnancy, family
planning /contraception prevents deaths of mothers and children.(WHO, February 2018)
According to NDHS 2016, only 53% married women used methods of family planning with 43%
using a modern method and 10% using a traditional method. Only 15% of currently married
women age 15-19 use a modern method of contraception. Twenty-four percent of married
14. 7
women of reproductive age have an unmet need for family planning; that is, they want to space
or limit births but are not using contraception. (NDHS 2016)
Evidence from studies shows that, apart from simply advertising family planning in the media,
the use of "enter-educate" approach has become attractive to communication experts. This
approach uses the entertainment components of mass media, such as song and drama, to drive
home the intended message. The assumption here is that people tend to adopt the behavior faster
if they are motivated by those they consider role models. (Kincaid et al., 1992)
Diseases related to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene are a huge burden in developing
countries. It is estimated that 88% of diarrhoeal disease is caused by unsafe water supply, and
inadequate sanitation and hygiene. (WHO, 2004)
Some 8 lakh people in low and middle income countries die every year due to inadequate water,
sanitation and hygiene, roughly constituting two-third of total diarrheal deaths and poor
sanitation is believed to be the main cause in 38 percent of these deaths.(WHO, 2019)
WASH related diseases caused by contaminated water can negatively affect in children's
education and ability to stay in school. Improving water, sanitation and hygiene in schools can
result in a nearly 50% reduction in diarrheal illness.(UNICEF, 2012)
15. 8
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Project area
Exhibition material was developed and displays at Miya Gaun ward no 6 of the Rupa Rural
Municipality. One day exhibition program was targeted to all the age group of the community.
3.2 Project techniques and tools
Technique: Exhibition
Tools
SN Theme Type of Tools
1 Safe motherhood (ANC, Delivery, PNC, New born care) Poster
Booklet
2 Breastfeeding Flex
Poster
3 Nutrition Flex
Poster
Locally available foods and
ingredients
4 Family planning Flip chart
Flex
Tiahert poster
Booklet
5 Immunization Flex
6 WASH Hand washing demonstration-
Soap, Towel, Posters
16. 9
CHAPTER IV: PROCESS AND CONTENTS
4.1 Process of exhibition:
Maternal and child health was selected for the exhibition through consultation and coordination
with the health staff of Rupa rural municipality and the background review of community. The
majority of the population of Miya Gaun of Rupa rural municipality was Muslims. On the basis
of information on household delivery and utilization of maternal health service the maternal and
child health was selected. Field visit were done for the feasibility study and the finalization of
date, time and venue were done in coordination with local stakeholders.
The work plan for the exhibition was developed along with the development of framework for
exhibition. A desk review was done to develop appropriate maternal and child health related IEC
materials. Similarly, a visit to the local health center was done to collect the available IEC
material. Evaluation tools such a mood charts were developed.
Under the maternal and child health various topics were selected and each student took
responsibility to develop IEC material for their own topics.
The topics under maternal and child health for exhibition were:
1. Safe motherhood
2. Breastfeeding
3. Nutrition
4. Family planning
5. Immunization
6. WASH
17. 10
4.2 Content of exhibition
4.2.1 Safe motherhood
Aama surakshya programme
Aama programme is currently one of the important strategic approaches to achieve safe
motherhood. Transport incentives for all women delivering in an institution:
NPR 3,000 in mountain districts
NPR 2,000 in hill districts
NPR 1,000 in Tarai districts
NPR 800 will be given to woman if she attends 4 ANC visits at
First visit: within first 4 months,
18. 11
Second visit: 6 months
Third visit: 8 months
Fourth visit: 9 months
Major
Points to be consider during pregnancy
Regular checkup pregnancy on the basis of ANC protocol to prevent further
complications
TT immunization
Iron folate supplementation
Treatment of worms
19. 12
Consumption of extra dietary food than normal whereas extra energy is required during
pregnancy.
Birth preparedness
Promoting birth preparedness and complication readiness including awareness raising
and improving the availability of funds, transport and blood supplies.
Encourage for institutional delivery.
20. 13
Post natal care visit in health facility
First visit: Visit within 24 hours of delivery.
Second visit: 3rd
days of delivery
Third visit: 7th
days of delivery
21. 14
Extra energy is required during pregnancy for the growth and maintenance of the fetus, placenta,
and maternal tissues.
Pregnant women should eat a balanced diet.
Kangaroo mother care for child is necessary
22. 15
New borne care
a. Immediate new borne care
Safe cord cutting with sterile hospital instruments.
Drying, wrapping, close contact with mother
Immediate breast feeding
Mother-child skin-to-skin contact is important to maintain the baby's temperature
b. Young infants (age up to 2 months
If any danger symptom shows during Young infants (age up to 2 months)
immediately referral to the health facilities.
Symptoms like chest in-drawing, fast breathing, lethargy and unconsciousness, less
than normal movement, fever, low body temperature, inability to sucking breast milk,
local bacterial infection including redness of umbilicus and Pus discharge from skin.
c. 2 months to 5 years children
If any danger sign appeared during 2 months to 5 years children immediately referral to
the health facilities.
Some sign of dehydration are:
Sunken eyes
Eager to drink or unable to drink
23. 16
Irritated, lethargic or unconsciousness
4.2.2 Breastfeeding
Importance of breast feeding
• This first milk “local word” is called colostrums.
• Colostrum is the first thick, yellowish milk full of antibodies that protects baby from
illness. It is yellow because it is rich in vitamin A.
• Colostrum provides the first immunization against many diseases.
• Helps expel the placenta more rapidly and reduces blood loss.
• Helps expel meconium, the newborn’s first stool.
• Breastfeeding from birth helps the milk "come in" and ensures plenty of breastmilk–
stimulates breastmilk production.
24. 17
• Breastfeeding frequently from birth helps the baby learn to attach and helps to prevent
engorgement and other complication.
25. 18
Good positioning and attachment
• Mother positions and attaches (infant latches on) correctly to help prevent sore or
cracked nipples, and stimulate her milk supply.
• 4 signs of good positioning: baby’s body should be straight, and facing the breast,
baby should be close to mother, and mother should support the baby’s whole body, not
just the neck and shoulders with her hand and forearm. (On one arm show with
opposite hand the position of 1) head of baby (slap fore arm), 2) buttocks of baby (slap
hand), 3) facing mother (slap stomach), and 4) passing baby’s hand behind the
mother’s waist (swoop hand behind waist)
• 4 signs of good attachment:
mouth open wide;
more areola showing above than below nipple
lower lip turned out;
baby’s chin touching breast.
Breastfeed frequency, day and night
26. 19
After the first few days, most newborns want to breastfeed frequently, 8 to 12 times/day.
Frequent breastfeeding helps produce lots of breast milk.
Once breastfeeding is well-established, breastfeed 8 or more times day and night to
continue to produce plenty of (or lots of) breastmilk. If the baby is well attached,
contented and gaining weight, the number of feeds is not important.
The important point to remember is that over a 24 hour period the baby gets all the
nutrients to meet his/her needs.
More suckling (with good attachment) and removal of milk makes more breastmilk
4.2.3 Nutrition Corner
Harek baar khana char- 4 types of food in a day pictorial as well as display of locally available
foods. The main objective of display was to promote locally available nutrition-rich foods.
Likewise, it was also an effective tool to bring awareness and sensitize community people to
consume locally available diversified food and its importance for the improved nutritional status.
Display of locally available foods were categorized into following categories
Energy giving foods (Carbohydrates): Cereals and Tubers: Wheat, corn, rice, barley,
millet, Potatoes, sweet potatoes etc were shown.
Body building foods (Proteins):Pulses and legumes: Beans, chick peas, pigeon peas,
soybean, mung etc
Body protecting foods (Green vegetables and fruits): Spinach, taro leaves, latte etc are
local vegetables of Miyagaun and shown in exhibition. Similarly apples, bananas, guavas
and pears were also displayed.
Foods of animal source: Meat, egg, milk, cord
Micronutrients: Iodized salt
27. 20
Golden Thousand day’s poster
Poster contains picture of pregnant, new-born and children of under 2 years of age. The period
between conception and the age of two years that, with good health and nutrition practices can
mitigate the risks of malnutrition that hamper a child’s long-term physical and cognitive
development. Written message was about importance of 1st
1000 days of life for nutrition of
mother and children as well as physical and mental development of children.
28. 21
Complementary feeding
The flex consists of complementary feeding to child according to age, frequency, amount,
thickness, variety, active feeding. Timely Initiation of Complementary Feeding and dietary
diversity
Similarly another Chart contains the Importance of Nutritious foods, four types of foods and
superflour recipe
29. 22
Poster contains the message of Balanced and adequate diet is required for child’s physical and
mental development. Four types of foods were also shown in pictorial form
Superflour (Sarbottam Pitho) recipe
1. Take 2 portion of cereals(different variety) and 1 portion of pulses/legumes
2. Clean cereals and pulses carefully
3. Roast items separately. This is because if we roast all things together, it might be
undercooked and burned.
4. After roasting, they should be grinded separately
5. After grinding, mix these flours together in one vessel then pour these in an air tight
container
4.2.4 Family planning
Tiahart flex (Informed Choice)
The Tiahart flex placed on the exhibition displays detail information on FP methods and devices
those are beneficial to intended users. The participants basically adolescents, mothers of RH age
and their husbands acquainted on different types of short and long term family planning
30. 23
methods, termination methods along with comparison of effectiveness of different devices and
indications and contraindications for using different methods of FP.
It also delivered information regarding rationale use of emergency contraceptives within 5 days
of unsafe sex for preventing not desire pregnancy.
31. 24
Family Planning Flip
The colored flip of family planning which was attractive for audiences also contains more
information regarding family planning and safe abortion services. It incorporates following
messages;
Information regarding Temporary Family planning methods
Short acting family planning methods like Condom, Pills and Injectable Depo-provera.
Long acting reversible contraceptives like Implant and Copper-T
Information regarding Permanent Family planning methods
For male clients – Vasectomy
For female Clients - Minilap
Information on Safe abortion Services; Conditions for safe abortion
for gestation upto 12 weeks with consent of mother
32. 25
for gestation upto 18 weeks in cases of rape and incest
At any time when the pregnancy seems to be harmful for mother or abnormal condition
of fetus
33. 26
4.2.5 Immunization
Importance of Immunization and Immunization Schedule
Importance of Immunization:
Different vaccine should provide to protect the child from disease. Children under the age of two
are given vaccines to prevent them from any kind of diseases including DPT-Hepb-hib, Polio,
PCV, measles, rubella.
34. 27
Vaccination is the ability of the body to fight the disease by giving it vaccine to prevent
the disease.
Vaccines are used to prevent lifelong illness. Most vaccinations must be completed
within one year of childbirth.
Regular vaccinations for children can prevent the child from developing physical and
mental well-being and various infectious diseases.
All vaccine supplements must be supplemented to keep children healthy, prevent from
disability and prevent the risk of death, children should have to complete all vaccines.
Vaccination sites:
The government provides all types of vaccines free of cost under the National Vaccine Program
from health post, PHCC, district hospital, private facilities and PHCR-ORC
Time Schedule for Vaccination:
Vaccine against TB should provide immediate after birth
After 6, 10 and 14 weeks of birth, the child should have to provide DPT-Hepb-hib and
polio and PCV
After competition of 1 year of birth, the baby should have to provide JE
At 15 months of age the Children should have to provide Measles and Rubella.
4.2.6 WASH Corner:
A WASH corner was established on exhibition. The WASH related banner, posters were placed
on WASH corner and demonstration of proper hand washing method was performed.
WASH related banner and posters
These informative materials displayed the important message why to perform proper hand
washing, what are the critical conditions of hand washing and explained on hygiene and
sanitation related disease and infections. These IEC materials also notified for personal hygiene,
bathing, keeping safe and clean housing and surrounding environment to be free from sanitation
and hygiene related diseases and illnesses.
35. 28
Demonstration of proper hand washing
The appropriate method of seven steps of hand washing stated by WHO was demonstrated on the
event. After demonstration of proper steps by facilitator, the participants were also eager to
perform seven steps of hand washing and actively involved on hand washing practices
37. 30
REFERENCES
Chichiabellu, T.Y., Mekonnen, B., Astawesegn, F.H., Demissie, B.W., Anjulo, A.A.,
2018. Essential newborn care practices and associated factors among home delivered
mothers in Damot pulasa Woreda, southern Ethiopia. Reprod Health 15, 162.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0609-1
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39. 32
ANNEX
ANNEX I: PLAN OF ACTION
Title/Area Objectives Approaches PSD activities Setting Logistics Estimated time Indicators Means of
verifications
Exhibition
on MCH
Design
framework for
exhibition on
MCH
-Raise
awareness
among
Community
People on
MCH
- Coordination
and
Collaboration
skills to work
Mass
approach
-Work plan
-Framework
Development
- Questionnaire
development for
survey.
- Desk review
-Collection and
Selection of
appropriate
MCH related
materials
- Coordination
and
- Rupa Rural
Municipality,
Miya Gaun
-Camera
-Stationeries
(pen, A4 size
papers, meta
card, Chart
paper
Markers)
Laptop
-Banners
-Snacks
-IEC
Materials
(poster,
pamphlets,
Work plan
-2hrs
Framework
Development-4hrs
- Desk review-
6hrs
-Collection and
Selection of
appropriate MCH
related materials:
4 hrs
-
-IEC Material
-Work plan
-
Framework
-No of
references
materials
searched
-No of
selected
material
-No. of
materials
- Developed
work plan
-Approved
framework
-folder of
searched
materials
-finalized
Script
-selected
materials
-approved
40. 33
with different
organization
and resource
planning skills
to organize
exhibition
event
- Enhance
communication
and
Interpersonal
skills during
exhibition
- Time
management
skill by
ensuring
efficient
running the
exhibition
event
collaboration
plan with Health
section of Palika
and other
organization
-Develop
evaluation tools
and Guidelines
-Visit local
community/ward
for material
collection
-Finalization of
date and time for
Exhibition
-manage and
ensure necessary
materials for
exhibition.
-
Booklets,
leaflets)
transportation
facility
development-6hrs
-Develop
evaluation tools
and Guidelines-3
hrs
-Visit local
government
School/community
for discussion
about MCH
Exhibition
-5 Hrs.
- Finalization of
date and time for
Exhibition: 1hrs
-manage and
ensure necessary
materials for
Exhibition
(power supply,
developed
and Tools
for survey
-Hours
spend for
installation
of
exhibitions
-Exhibition
evaluation
guideline
-school
approval
-managed
materials
acc to
checklist
-no of
script
-attendance
sheet
-final video
developed
- final
evaluation
guideline
-approval
letter
-Checklist
-Report and
filled
evaluation
form
-attendance
sheet
41. 34
- To develop
managerial
skills to
delegate tasks
and ensure all
the assigned
activities done
well and
within the time
frame and
budget
-Evaluate the
effectiveness
of Exhibition
on MCH
Implementation
of Exhibition
-Evaluation of
Exhibition
laptop,): 4 hrs
- Implementation
of Exhibitions -4
hrs
-Evaluation of
Exhibition;1 Hrs
- Presentation and
Report
Finalaization-4
Hrs.
participants
-no of stall
installed
and
visiting
persons
-no of
participants
responding
to
Exhibitions
-collected
data
-photo
-school letter
-video
response
- filled
evaluation
form
-final Report
