cyber

1. Cyber Laws in Pakistan

2. Cyber Crime
 Activity in which computers or networks are a
tool, a target, or a place of criminal activity.
 Committing fraud
 Stealing identities
 Violating privacy

3. Cyber Crime
 It is also include traditional crimes in which
computers or networks are used to enable
the illicit activity.
Most common hacking:
Social media

4. Rafay Baloch
Pakistani researcher
 Rafay Baloch is a Pakistani ethical hacker
and security researcher known for his
discovery of vulnerabilities on the Android
operating system. He has been featured and
known by both national and international
media and publications like Forbes, BBC,

5.  FIA director : abdul rauf
 http://www.fia.gov.pk/en/NR3C.php

7. Cyber Crime
 Examples:
 E-mail account of a Federal Minister is hacked.
 Credit cards frauds reach to an alarming level.
 Visiting CEOs of Multinational Companies gets
threatening E-mails.
 Financial institutions are the favorite targets of
Cyber criminals --- worst effecting the
technological
progress in the area of e –Commerce.

8. Cyber Laws
 The legal issues related to use of communications
technology, particularly "cyberspace", i.e. the
Internet.
 It is an intersection of many legal fields, like:
 Intellectual property,
 Privacy
 Cyber laws is an attempt to apply laws designed for
the physical world to human activity on the Internet

9. Cyber Laws in the World
 Electronic Commerce Act (Ireland)
 Electronic Transactions Act (UK, USA,
Australia, New Zealand, Singapore)
 Electronic Transactions Ordinance (Hong
Kong)
 Information Technology Act (India)
 Information Communication Technology Act
Draft (Bangladesh)

10. Cyber Laws in Pakistan
 There are different laws, promulgated in Pakistan.
 These laws not only deal with crime of Internet
 These deal with all dimensions related to computer
& networks.
 Two of them are most known.
 They are:
 Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002
 Electronic / Cyber Crime Bill 2007

11. Punishment
 Spreading false information about an
individual: up to 3 years in prison or up to
PKR 1 million in fine, or both – if someone
intentionally and publicly displays any
information through any information system,
which he or she knows to be false and by
which he or she intimidates or harms the
reputation or privacy of a natural person

12. Punisment
 Making videos/taking photographs and
distributing them without consent: up to 3
years in prison or up to PKR 1 million in fine,
or both – if someone takes a photograph or
makes a video of any person and displays or
distributes it without his or her consent and in
a manner that harms that person.

13. Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002
 Overview
 The Electronic Transactions Ordinance (ETO), 2002, was
the first IT-relevant legislation created by national
lawmakers.
 A first step and a solid foundation for legal sanctity and
protection for Pakistani e-Commerce locally and globally.
 Laid the foundation for comprehensive Legal Infrastructure.
 It is heavily taken from foreign law related to cyber crime.

14. Pre-ETO 2002
 No recognition of electronic documentation
 No recognition of electronic records
 No recognition of evidential basis of
documents/records
 Failure to authenticate or identify digital or electronic
signatures or forms of authentication
 No online transaction could be legally binding
 Electronic Data & Forensic Evidence not covered.
No Rules

15. ETO 2002
 Sections
 There are 43 sections in this ordinance
 It deals with following 8 main areas relating to e-
Commerce.
 Recognition of Electronic Documents
 Electronic Communications
 Digital Signature regime and its evidential consequences
 Web Site & Digital Signatures Certification Providers
 Stamp Duty
 Attestation, notarization, certified copies
 Jurisdiction
 Offences

16. ETO 2002
 Important Sections are:
 36. Violation of privacy information
 gains or attempts to gain access
 to any information system with or without internt
 to acquire the information
 Gain Knowledge
 Imprisonment 7 years (custody)
 Fine Rs. 1 million

17. ETO 2002
 37. Damage to information system, etc.
 alter, modify, delete, remove, generate, transmit or store
information
 to impair the operation of,
 or prevent or hinder access to, information
 knowingly not authorized
 Imprisonment 7 years
 Fine Rs. 1 million

18. ETO 2002
 38. Offences to be non-bailable, compoundable
and cognizable
 All offences under this Ordinance shall be non-bailable,
compoundable and cognizable.

19. Post ETO 2002
 Electronic Documentation & Records
recognized
 Electronic & Digital forms of authentication &
identification given legal sanctity
 Messages through email, fax, mobile phones,
Plastic Cards, Online recognized.

20. Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007

21. Overview
 “Prevention of Electronic Crimes Ordinance, 2007″
is in force now
 It was promulgated by the President of Pakistan on
the 31st December 2007
 The bill deals with the electronic crimes included:
 Cyber terrorism
 Data damage
 Electronic fraud
 Electronic forgery
 Unauthorized access to code
 Cyber stalking
 Cyber Spamming/spoofing

22. Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007
 It offers penalties ranging from six months
imprisonment to capital punishment for 17
types of cyber crimes
 It will apply to every person who commits an
offence, irrespective of his nationality or
citizenship.
 It gives exclusive powers to the Federal
Investigation Agency (FIA) to investigate and
charge cases against such crimes.

23. Punishments
 Under this law there are defined punishment
for the offence.
 Every respective offence under this law has
its distinctive punishment which can be
imprisonment or fine.

24. Offence Imprisonment (years) Fine
Criminal Access 3 3 Lac
Criminal Data Access 3 3 Lac
Data Damage 3 3 Lac
System Damage 3 3 Lac
Electronic Fraud 7 7 Lac
Electronic Forgery 7 7 Lac
Misuse of Device 3 3 Lac
Unauthorized access to code 3 3 Lac
Malicious code 5 5 Lac
Defamation 5 5 Lac
Cyber stalking 3 3 Lac
Cyber Spamming 6 months 50,000
Spoofing 3 3 Lac
Pornography 10 -----
Cyber terrorism Life 10 Million

25. Sections
 Data Damage:
 Whoever with intent to illegal gain or cause harm
to the public or any person, damages any data,
shall come under this section.
 Punishment:
 3 years
 3 Lac

26. Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007
 Electronic fraud:
 People for illegal gain get in the way or use any
data, electronic system or device or with intent to
deceive any person, which act or omissions is
likely to cause damage or harm.
 Punishment:
 7 years
 7 Lac

27. Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007
 Electronic Forgery:
 Digital forgery is falsely altering digital contents
such as pictures, images, documents, and music
perhaps. for economic gain. It may
involve electronic forgery and identity theft.
The majority of digital forgery occurs. because
digitally altered pictures often appeal to the
viewers' eyes
 Punishment:
 7years
 7 Lac

28.  For example, identity theft, where a person
forges the signature of another, is a felony
and is punishable by a fine and some years
of imprisonment. Digital forgery involves
changing elements of a document or image
and representing the changes as true copies
of the original.

29. Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007
 Malicious code:
 Whoever willfully writes, offers, makes available,
distributes or transmits malicious code through an
electronic system or device, with intent to cause
harm to any electronic system or resulting in the
theft or loss of data commits the offence of
malicious code.
 Punishment:
 5 years
 5 Lac

30. Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007
 Cyber stalking:
 Whoever with intent to harass any person uses computer,
computer network, internet, or any other similar means of
communication to communicate obscene, vulgar, profane,
lewd.
 Make any suggestion or proposal of an obscene nature
 Threaten any illegal or immoral act
 Take or distribute pictures or photographs of any person
without his consent or knowledge
 Commits the offence of cyber stalking.
 3 Years
 3 Lac

31. Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007
 Spamming:
 Whoever transmits harmful, fraudulent, misleading,
 illegal or unsolicited electronic messages in bulk to any
person
 without the express permission of the recipient,
 involves in falsified online user account registration or
falsified domain name registration for commercial purpose
commits the offence of spamming.
 Punishment:
 6 month
 50,000

32. Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007
 Spoofing:
 Whoever establishes a website, or sends an
electronic message with a counterfeit source
intended to be believed by the recipient or visitor
or its electronic system to be an authentic source
 with intent to gain unauthorized access or obtain
valuable information
 Later, Information can be used for any lawful
purposes commits the offence of spoofing.
 3 Years
 3 Lac

33. Electronic/Cyber Crime Bill 2007
 Cyber terrorism:
 Any person, group or organization who, with terroristic
intent utilizes,
 accesses or causes to be accessed a computer or
computer network or electronic system or device or by any
available means,
 knowingly engages in or attempts to engage in a terroristic
act commits the offence of cyber terrorism.
 Punishment
 Whoever commits the offence of cyber terrorism and
causes death of any person shall be punished with death
 Or imprisonment for life, and with fine
 Otherwise he shall be punishable with imprisonment of ten
years or with fine ten million rupees

34. Crimes Reported in Pakistan
 A total of 57 cases have been registered under
the ETO 2002 in the years 2005 & 2006.
Offences 2006 2005 Total
IPR Crimes 14 20 34
Spurious Drugs 37 30 67
Cyber Crimes 33 24 57
Counterfeit Currencies 7 2 9
Others 105 148 253
Total: 196 224 420