Few Things about Mobile GPU
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A sharing talk at Hsinchu Coders. In discussion of Mobile GPU architecture. The materials (i.e. images) are from their respective owners.
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Few Things about Mobile GPU
- 1. Few Things about Mobile GPU
- 2. First Thing The Mobile GPU Non-3D Graphics Approach
- 4. 1950 Ben Laposky uses oscilloscope to display waveforms which were photographed as artwork.
- 5. 1955 SAGE system at Lincoln Lab uses first light pen
- 6. 1961 John Whitney "Catalog" 1961
- 7. 1963 DAC-1, first commercial CAD system, developed in 1959 by IBM for General Motors is shown at JCC
- 8. 1982 Silicon Graphics, Inc (SGI) Geometry Engine board Raster Manager board
- 10. 1982 RealityEngine Graphics Transform Matrix = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 11 11 22 22 33 33 44 44 http://joshbeam.com/articles/triangle_rasterization/
- 11. 1982 RealityEngine Graphics Input Triangle = -0.4 -0.4 0.0 // Bottom Left 0.4 -0.4 0.0 // Bottom Right 0.0 0.4 0.0 // Top Middle Transform Matrix = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 11 11 22 22 33 33 44 44
- 12. 1982 RealityEngine Graphics Transform Matrix = Some rotations... 11 11 22 22 33 33 44 44
- 14. Two Phases Vertex Pass Pixel Pass Primitives Rasterization Textures Framebuffer Pbuffer Texture Unit Vertex Domain Pixel Domain Fragment Shader Texture Shader ? Vertex Shader memory
- 15. Immediate Mode http://blog.imgtec.com/powervr/a-look-at-the-powervr-graphics-architecture-tile-based-rendering Vertex Pass Rasterization Pixel Pass
- 16. Result
- 17. Saving Some Bandwidth Vertex Pass Pixel Pass Primitives Rasterization Textures Framebuffer Pbuffer Texture Unit Vertex Domain Pixel Domain Fragment Shader Texture Shader ? Vertex Shader memory But we don’t want redraw!
- 18. Added Internal Buffer Vertex Pass Pixel Pass Primitives Rasterization Textures Framebuffer Pbuffer Texture Unit Vertex Domain Pixel Domain Fragment Shader Texture Shader ? Vertex Shader memory Tile Buffer
- 19. But the buffer is not big enough for entire frame! http://blog.imgtec.com/powervr/a-look-at-the-powervr-graphics-architecture-tile-based-rendering Tiling
- 20. Need to solve…. the rendering sequence http://blog.imgtec.com/powervr/a-look-at-the-powervr-graphics-architecture-tile-based-rendering Tiling
- 21. Tile Based Rendering http://blog.imgtec.com/powervr/a-look-at-the-powervr-graphics-architecture-tile-based-rendering Vertex Pass Rasterization Pixel Pass Sort out which triangle belongs to which tile The tile-shaped buffer to store intermediate result Rendering tile-by-tile
- 22. But we don’t want to recalculate! http://blog.imgtec.com/powervr/a-look-at-the-powervr-graphics-architecture-tile-based-rendering Lazy by Defering
- 23. Lazy by Deferring http://blog.imgtec.com/powervr/a-look-at-the-powervr-graphics-architecture-tile-based-rendering Vertex Pass Rasterization Pixel Pass Early rejection for the things you can’t see
- 24. But we want use it for Computation!
- 25. Shaders Save the Day! Vertex Pass Pixel Pass data Rasterization Textures Texture Unit Vertex Domain Pixel Domain Fragment Shader Texture Shader ? Vertex Shader memory
- 26. On Real Chip – Imagination 8XE
- 27. On Real Chip – Nvidia GTX 1080 http://www.mobipicker.com/nvidia-gtx-1080-directx-12-benchmarks-async-compute/
- 28. Graphics Tricks Render to texture https://udn.epicgames.com/Three/RenderToTexture.html
- 31. Graphics Tricks Bump Mapping – Issue
- 32. Graphics Tricks Multiple Render Targets https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/3DDrawing/Conceptual/OpenGLES_ProgrammingGuide/OpenGLESApplicationDesign/OpenGLESApplicationDesign.html http://http.download.nvidia.com/developer/presentations/2004/6800_Leagues/6800_Leagues_Deferred_Shading.pdf OpenGL ES 3.1OpenGL ES 3.1 11 22 Beware the bandwidth cost!
- 34. The Computation Tricks Gaussian Filter by Texture Unit http://www.nvidia.de/content/PDF/isc-2011/Steen.pdf
- 36. CPU vs GPU : Architecture https://www.classicspecification.com.ng/the-difference-between-cpu-and-gpu/ Latency Driven Throughput Driven
- 37. Different Design Ideas ● GPU are not running multiple things: – Not compiling 100 files – Serving 10000 users on web backend ● But a large things: – searching 1M patches on a image – calculation of matrix multiplication of 1000x1000
- 38. Throughput is not Free : Branch SIMT
- 39. Throughput is not Free : Bandwidth Main Mem GPU Mem Main Mem Bandwidth GPU Bandwidth PC 16GB DDR4 8GB DDR5 or 8GB DDR5X 34 GB/s 224 GB/s 320 GB/s Mobile 4GB LPDDR4 Shared 17 GB/s 17 GB/s LPDDR4 : 28.8GB/s Q S820 LPDDR4: 17.4GB/s GTX 980 DDR5 : 224GB/s GTX 1080 DDR5X : 320GB/s http://www.geforce.com.tw/hardware/desktop-gpus/geforce-gtx-980/specifications http://www.geforce.com/hardware/10series/geforce-gtx-1080 Intel i7 6700HQ max bandwidth 34.1 GB/s
- 40. PC vs Mobile : Architecture Main Mem GPU Mem Main Mem / GPU Bandwidth Cooling Chip + RAM Price PC 16GB DDR4 8GB DDR5X 34 GB/s 224 GB/s Air/Liquid USD 1000.- Mobile 4GB LPDDR4 Shared 17 GB/s 17 GB/s None USD 100.-
- 41. PC vs Mobile : Performance Performance CPU:GPU:ASIC Power Efficiency GFLOPS/J PC 1 : 100 : ? ? Mobile 1 : 10 : ? ? *single CPU thread.
- 43. Ground Truth + Change of Balance = the Future
- 44. Other Choices ● DSP ● FPGA
- 45. Restrictions ● Thermal Wall ● Battery ● Cost ● Bandwidth
- 46. No More Free Transistor
- 47. Performance Hit on the Thermal Wall
- 48. Parallel Programming is Hard ● Synchronization ● Race condition ● Debugging
- 49. New Demand
- 50. Programming Models ● OpenGL ● OpenCL ● Vulkan ● CUDA ● C++AMP ● Halide
- 51. Vulkan ● Favor clone over creation
- 52. New Memory / Storage to address bandwidth issue ● 3D XPoint ● DDR5X ● HBM2
- 53. From Batch to Realtime ● Realtime raytracing ● Interactive weather forecasting ● Map reconstruction after earthquake ● Realtime machine learning ● Face-morphing in the video conference
- 54. From 工人智慧 to 人工智慧
- 55. Ground Truth Hidden in Plain Sight