4. I understood from this topic that very
important part that we always using in
our day to day personnel life or social
life to taking any right decision &
wherever go to buy any product. If
there is two product then we have to
choice stuff product for that we have
take right decision while purchase any
product.
What are process of decision making to
choose the right decision from the
alternative. & why we choosing the
alternative decision. & why we put the
two or more choices in but we have to
one choice both of them.
We are taking in our life each
experience good or bad.
There are huge no. of choices that we
have to take right decision in our life.
5.
6. 1.When involve environment then it is easy
to take any decision process
2.When available information issues ,
alternatives, value, & preference depending
upon money required, status & other factor
in life so all these collectively together these
factor are for decision making.
3.Sometimes decisions are restriction &
constraints of money & time. So we have to
find that what ways of achieve a certain
period of time or within a period of time. Or
any targets to achieve a given amount of
funds. & that’s the challenge for human.
4. E.g. One place we have to go wedding
party & other place we have to attend
conference. Both place we can’t go at a time
There are three process of decision making.
1.Authority 2. Resources 3. skills
9. This is a model concept design of MIS what I
understood from this topic below it explain.
There are three involve in this model.
1. Output
2. Input
3. Processing.
4. We always process start from output & firstly we
have to decide specifically what we want ,for
Example We have to make pizza for that in input
what materials are required then we require the
machine then methods of procedure to making the
product for that we go to knowledge of training.
5. Material is requirement as input
6.There is remain the same concept while any
produce the product .
7. If we have to manufacture the computer then
which is product require for the computer.
8. We have to require raw material , then machines
& computer is technical things & expertise people
produce the computer so these are model concept.
Processing
Knowledge
of Trainning
Material Machines
Input Output
Methods &
Procedures
10. 1.Operation is a manufacturing area that
describing input transaction
1.Production Programme :
In production programme we make the budget
decide before produce the product & then we
start the programme for the product for three
months or a year
2.Production Schedule :
In production schedule we have to make
schedule for the product that how many
product produce , in how many units for this
schedule we ll get each one products
information.
3.Process Planning Sheet :
When we start to do work before that planning
is very important. In process when we start to
do manufacturing product then raw material
then we send to machine then produce the
product, this is a process planning.
ANALYSIS DECISION
ANALYSIS
QUERY
INPUT
TRANSACT
ION
CONTROL
ACTION
REPORT
KNOWLED
GE
UPDATE
OPERATION
S UPDATE
11. 1.JOB CARD:
In input transaction job card is very important. &
because job card we get the information that
labour job start & ending time as well as sitting
time also. There is also mention work order no. &
batch quantity all the recorded in job card.
2. JOB STATUS ADVICE :
In job status advice means status of job.
For example., Work in progress then progress is a
particular job depends upon requirement. If some
parts is not in our factory then I will send it to
outside & work in progress that is called as job
status advice.
3. QUALITY ASSURANCE RATING FORMS:
In quality & quality assurance that is different one.
Quality assurance means we can take guarantee
that assurance of the product, & not failed. if we
are getting the material from suppliers if there are
some rejection then vendors marks in rating
forms that is quality assurance rating form.
PRODUCTION SCHEDULE:
Generating the any query In production
schedule that which machines are
dispatched.
LOADIND ON MACHINE?:
we want to start work order & minimum
machines are full & some break downs so we
can take machine on freight from machine
shop.
JOB SCHEDULE:
Job schedule is an important activity. One
who person handle the job in scheduling or
rescheduling means some people paying
more depend upon requirement.
PROCESS PLANNING SHEET:
In process planning sheet query is how many
jobs are pending & how many jobs are work
In process.
JOB CARD----GROUP OF MACHINE?
In job cards in so many queries that when the
start & ending of job time? & what is sitting
time?
13. I understood that risk means something could harm or injury in the future it
means risk with the term hazards.
We always think risk is negative but risk may be positive think. & in risk we
take action which is turn on positive or negative.
Risk is original word not hazard or something.
If we don’t take ant action could not any progress in risk to ensure that to
enhance in business or for better life.
There are name of words risk in different language:
1.Risq (Arabic's ) : which is make us profit.
2. Riscum ( Latin ) : challenge of barrier reef.
3. Risqe ( Greek ) : an outcome whether positive or negative.
4. Risqué ( French ) : No venture & no gain
We have experience in risk management in organization & individual
experience. Risk management is a certain steps that identification steps ,
assessment & planning. In risk management Who indentify for an
organization or a business respond to them.
14. PERCEPTION :
Everyone has a difficult perception of risk we think
very risky or may not be risky depends upon our
background , our experience , our education , &
nature of work all these factors put together a
perception on our opinion. Some people are scared to
take any risk.
For example. Aircrafts crashed & stop the flying ,
Ridding a bicycle may be risky or may not we can fall &
get injury by bicycle so we go to for four wheelers, risk
of falling ill due to eating a food that is perception.
TIME FRAME :
Time frame is very important to try & control we
known understandable human time frame. There is
risk of death by accident , heart attack, dieses
So there is time frame is very important, while these
all happening there is no time , any time & any where.
So, time frame is relevant to concept of risk
UNCERTAINTY:
If something there is certain there is no risk.
Uncertainty means probability , see I going to die to
such as a day or such as a time & we sure to die but
time is not certain . Uncertainty is happening or may
not happening
15. 1.
Known means yes problems or any variation
which could happen There is some strong
possibility or could be some loss. If in a
production process minor variations & we
also known that certain kind of minor
variations & our brains there is minor loss &
we probably don’t know exactly elements .
Providing fund & theft fund these are very
risk that we known very well.
2.
We probably know the which could happen
or many face now the life & we don’t know
when & where it “ll happen . For example.
See I am theft & there are some dogs & I
know if I run away they’ll bite me & bark
look at me.That’s I ll walk slowly. So risk is
there.
3.
We don’t know what will happen or may not
happen & what’ ll be effects that is
completely we unknown about that. It may
fire could happen in factory so there is risk.
RISK = PROBABILITY *CONSEQUANCE
money & financial are involve in this risk. If I
am investment Rs. 100 in product line & if
product failed then my loss will’ll be Rs. 20. it
is not necessary quantifying in rupee & but all
aspects of business is not a simple or money
terms. Before it is important to start
quantifying risk.
on a scale 1 to 5 rank, 1 is the lowest & 5 is the
highest then multiplying 2 no's we’ll get the
no of term risk.
17. E – business defined as any business
that involves internet as a platform &
promote for a business. & we can
interact with large amount people
sources by internet. if our place far
away the stores then We can buy any
product from the internet & we’ll get
product as soon as possible & then we
can make payment by internet media.
& they instant feedback by mail.
BUSINESS TO CONSUMER:
Here the business & consumer directly
deals with each other.
Any business which carried by in house
with an consumer called as business to
consumer. E.g. trade.com,
homeshop.com, snapdeal.com etc.
18.
19. CONSUMERTO BUSINESS:
In this business customers decide that
what has to buy.if seller is saying that I
am giving you offer people customer
decides the price. & it happens because
of large amount of buyers & large
amount of seller price detected by
buyers. When there are large amount of
sellers the market would be decided by
the price at the taken consumer wants.
CONSUMERTO CONSUMER:
This is called as market place.
In this business online market place is
created seller & buyer are allowed to
interacts with each other. Payment &
terms of business are controlled by the
internet platform so as to protect both
the buyer & seller. E.g. Ebay.com,
naaptol.com.etc
20. IN PHYSICAL PRODUCTS LAPTOP,
REFRIGERATOR,TELEVISION,,CAR, CAN NOT BE
DELIVERED INSTANTLYON INTERNET BASE.
THERE ARE LIMITATIONS.
IN DIGITAL PRODUCTSGOODS CAN DELIVERED
INSTANTLY.
THERE ARE DIFFERENT KIND OF SERVICES
OFFERSTO CUSTOMERS. COLLECTTHE MONEY
WE WOULD LIKETO PAY OFFER YOUR SERVICE
OF UTILITY PAYMENTSTHEN CUSTOMRSGETS
THE BENEFIT EVERYTHING .
WE WANTTO SELLTRAVELTICKETS WHICH IS
RELATED OFTRAVEL OFTRAIN , BUS, HOTEL &
OTHERS. SO IT’S A SERVICES SOLDON DIGITALY
ONTHE CONFIMATION , MAILSVAILABLE
INSTANTTHE CUSTOMETSTHAT’S MOMEMENT
MAKETHE PAYMENT &THIS PAYMENT IS
ACCEPTEDBY USING MULTIIPLE METHOD
22. Every company wants finance to
growth & expansion to start up so
there are so many kinds of activities.
Finance is very important for any
organization because it helps to
organization to run & helps the dreams
of vision of the organization to
complete & achieve. Hence finance is
very important role in any kind of
business. There are various ways bring
finance in our organizations. There are
huge amount of competition
happening & this competition every
one running behind market share,
sales, profits , earnings. More funds
more success & less funds less success.
1 .Finance :That is we require money to run the
business.
2. Production :That is we require product for sale.
3. Marketing :That is we require skills for sales
goods
23. I understood from this topic “The term finance is derived from Greek or
French word which is maintain final. The term final means to pay , settle
, or finish the transactions.”That is finance.
The term of finance in relation to business divided into three group.
1. Procurement : procurement means bringing the money into the
organizations.
2. Custodian : custodian means take care.
3. Financial decision – making :
A lot of time people both the understanding terms i.e accounts &
finance. Everyone understanding that accounts & finance both are same
but both terms are different where accounts comes in ends & finance
comes in starts.
In finance related in multiplication of cash or multiplying the money.
For example : I have got Rs. 1000000/- available with me & which I am
suppose allocated in different accounts that is called as accounts & in
finance deals multiplying that money so Rs. 1000000 or Rs. 1 million & if
I want to multiplying approximately 2 million or 3 million that activities
by finance.
Finance is act of lubricant. Life for every machine, there is aspect of
lubricant which is Greece machine cannot run. Similarly any organization
cannot perform without finance. Function of finance :
1.The investment decision - related to capital budget
2.The finance decision – get the money to running the business.
3. The dividend decision – how much returns we should give to
24. SME’s means “ Small Medium Enterprises”
Sources means where we can get money
As per the “ Reserve Bank of India”
notification a small medium enterprise define
that any units with investment in plant &
machinery in excess SSI (Small Scale
Industry) limited & up to Rs. 10 crores may be
treated as Small Medium Enterprise. With
the help of which they are able to run the
business.
Initially some friends comes together& set up
the business that is term as Small Medium
Enterprise.
So there are various ways of define “Small
Medium Enterprise”.
The sources of finance that available for the
small medium enterprise, requirement
money for the investment making purposes,
financing purpose, & Small Medium
Enterprise is related to the activities
understanding how you do business with the
small amount & small amount of plant can
generate the money.
Why do SME’s needs funds?
Small enterprises neither big corporate nor a small trader funds is
very important.
There are few reasons:
The Small Medium Enterprise has not good record. They don’t
have any back up , neither they have any kind of support nor any
kind of potential investment if they have business to be done
where they can get money.
In larger companies have various types of source to get finance
but Small Medium Enterprise which are small nature around 10
crore plant & machinery for them to gets funds its very difficult &
Small Enterprise are not listed on stock exchange anyone nor
would anyone trust on them because they are not knowing that
where they can gets funds from because of SME’s require funds.
And bank particularly nervous to give more amount of money to
Small Medium Enterprise because credit is not there, companies
are not sure, banks are not sure will they able to give money &
will they get good returns from the business wherever they
invest hence they require funds.
25. There are Three ways sources of finance are be
classified:
1.Owned Funds : In owned funds means funds
require from the owners. It is our owned funds.
In owned funds equity share capital ,
preference share capital, subsidy & capital
incentives
2. Borrowed Funds: In borrowed funds we take
borrow money from the markets.
In borrowed funds debenture & bonds, term
loan from financial institutions & banks,
unsecured loans, debt security, advances from
the customers.
3. Specialized Ways.: In specialization which
are combination of owned & borrow its helps
to generate finance for any kind of
organization
In specialized public deposit, commercial
papers , certificate of deposit, deferred capital
paper, other financial instruments, foreign
currency, global deposit receipts, indian
deposit receipts.
There are Three categories of
Finance available.
1. Based on time period.:
Long term : Periods exceeding 5
years.
Investment funds is land &
building , plant & machinery
Medium term : above 1 year but
less than 5 years.
Which use for the purpose of
advertising or deferred revenue
expenditure
Short term : Less than 1 year. Day
to day expenses, current assets.
2. Based on ownership. : Owned
fund & Borrowed fund.
3. Based on sources of generation.
: Internal sources & External
sources.
28. From this video I understood the various points as he,The professional
journey of Mr. Lalit Popil.
He spoke about his journey that time he was craze moving to USA & in
technology companies. because in IT Company pay scale well. He like to going
out travel & then growth & expansion his carrier in technology company.
Spoke that he travelled around in 70 countries. He enjoyed a lot while
travelling.
Wherever if you do consulting & business development in so many countries
that time we should know the local languages.When you particular place then
we should know the different language of different countries. Mr. lalit can
speaks at least 8 to10 language.
Spoke he next move was to centurion bank of Punjab just discussed his role &
responsibilities.
He was business developing in technologies company & proactive area.
acceleration is required for the assets growth in the bank.
29. Company want to merge in technology business target together &
make technology the backbone to achieve the business goals.
therefore he afford to this business this position which involve
coordinating for business goals & he picked up this challenge.
As we know the centurion bank of Punjab it’s a merge was into the
centurion bank & bank of Punjab. So there are various level of banks
& different dynamics in various banks. He worked in so many
countries.
He was the vice president sales at ICICI PRUDENTIAL MUTUAL
FUND AMC, & now he is leads the IT division of the company.
So he just understanding to us that how did his convinced to take
this shift?
He got to learn the Indian sales structure, Indian mentality, Indian
distributors with the different product.
Lack of use mutual fund in technology from banks background &
technology background.
In mutual fund surprisingly technology adoption is very low.
30. Distributor are people have been business for a long period of
time.
Talent is part one of the key of job responsibility.
we look at People is not the knowledge & all the experience
bring on the table . It’s a attitude.
If you are the right attitude then you can pick up the any job
with the best of your ability to improving work with right
attitude on the job.
We must have good attitude to work , to learn new things.To
face any challenges.
Mutual funs is one of the industries is very knowledgeable. So
one who person comes in this industries & have to be updates
themselves. It has a glamour, you should have ability to speak
about marketing, movements & the economy.
you should keep money safe that you have to fund manage & its
responsibility our that return the money to that person who
invested.
32. I understood from this video that there are different things to do
learn & develop our skills.
He spoke about his journey that in retail field over 25 year his
experience, same retail & consumer behavior areas his passion.
He worked with well known brands like HUL & Future group.
He just understanding to us
located journey high in side & always travel so which one was big
strategy his dreams.
He current thing doing in super market business “ Reliance Fresh”.
When finish your based qualification from any institute & then when
u go for complete business management as a interesting field one
who person done that way or after you doing engineering or
graduation or any kind of fields that’s a right way to make a right
choice to grow in our carrier as he done the same.
33. Anywhere place you’ll find the combination when you do start work
with talent that is the way we look at the if you want to do work in
general management you
should feel the study, your 1st set up work that is you have to do for a
long carrier.
We should develop the our concept started with the which one field
you have choose.
Mr. kishore biyani & Mr. ashok damani both of whom very clear &
common. they always feedback to the customers .
We should different role to play all the time.
You have to be the aptitude skills , engineering that is required to large
opportunity & that is the enjoy & fun what u doing…
He has also been awarded the “Most Admired Grocery Retail
Professional” in 2011.
34. He has written the book “ The Super Marketwala” & this book is
available everywhere shops.
You should have knowledge of consumer product when you do
business in market.
Indian markets are ascertain market.
When if you learn or practice which is learn from observation , learn
from with the consumer. learning is cost & cost is errors that
consumer product or consumers service retail goes down.
In small industry have our own group, & which is recognize by you,
& we should believe that our progress in our industry.
We should have right point of view about consumer product &
ability , talent to do business so that we can also launch the demart,
big bazaar, shopper stop, so there are different types of market.
36. I understood from this video that about how he made pharmaceutical
industries are developed..so Dr. Vinay Nayak just understanding to us
that his journey & about his carries was far away which one completed
his dream.
He spoke that he was the first employee of Watson Pharmaceuticals
and he credited for transferring 70 products to India, thereby
expanding plants to 6 times capacity.
He holds a great respect in Quality Circle of pharmaceuticals & Health
Care Industry. He has 31 year experience in this industry. he got new
learn that regulation, developments, automobile in pharmaceutical
industry & because of this association with this part he was great
learner that’s y he made feel happy of his succeed.
Lupin is one of the top 10 companies that period of time bust
financially not doing well they had invested in real estate & company
was making loss
37. One who person working in one company 21 years & moving on to
another company its difficult to anybody. & it’s a challenge for
anybody.
He probably vice president & executive vice president two levels
was there at lupin with huge responsibility. It’s was challenging.
There was something new to do & something great to achieve so he
took up the job of technical operation president of technical
operation with the American with multinational.
In US manufacturing the products 10 to 12 dollars 1000 conversion
cost per 1000 tablets that was huge cost so this was challenge to
develop the products fastly to grow & expand business.
He converted the single product plant into multiproduct plant then
he started manufacturing about 50 products. & integration vertical
of EPI into the formulation that’s the enhance profit by big way.
38. In Alembic journey one who was chief the meeting was in
Ahmadabad & he said that we are introducing 13 companies.
But company did not have leadership to take them to the next
level. That’s why Mr. Vinayak was lucky to break & moving to
this company & he joined in other in 2010. it’s a great company
because there are all the facility in the infrastructure what he
need was the facility to the great systems are existing in other
companies .
We should also use particularly modernize the facility in terms of
infrastructure, presentation skills, documentations all this are of
essentials for successful company
If you 7 to 10 companies doing a good job & give good impression
if there are keeping the its great things to others company.
Alembic is great company with good culture , & good ethics
39.
40. This article talks about the Jobs & Careers that after graduation everybody looking
good job & they hopes that will get a good job as per their education & skills. From
there they start their career.
Everybody change the jobs as per their talents, work performance, & wherever get a
good opportunity they jumped .
we should always positive about our jobs & careers with good hopes. Job hoping also
involves a few pretty serious downsides. because of this always we order to make the
best decision in your career.
It’s a helpful to understand both the positive & negative aspects of bouncing around
from one job to the next.
Exactly nobody knows that what they want that from career after graduation. but if
you are doing a job somewhere then you ll get experience & because of that you ll
always aware what your idea of “THE RIGHT jobs you look like.
There are so many sources to find the good job & make a good career. Which will walk
you through process to determine what’s working & what’s not in your current career
so you can start to do think that may provide career fulfillment the future. When once
you will come to know your right base to do take good decision then you can be more
discerning in the job process.
1
41. you should give time to really & learn what works for you. & its a simply steps
just you’ve to try it.
You should always gain a variety of skills & meet a wide range of people . &
you should have also wide range of capabilities & broad point of view.
If you are working somewhere for a short period of time then you’ll never a
deep understanding of what’s going on so its happen. For that you must
usually takes several year to accomplish & prospective employers may be
concerned about your skills & performance level.
If you have a job hopped for few minute then employer’ll start to seeing it.
They’ll happy by your loyalty, & will not worry about time , money , energy
need to train you because in a year or so you’ll left this job., so you should
have better justification for why you left each position.
Proactively employers may be notices that you don’t really know what you
want. so then you should not give the answer like this why you’d be the
perfect job . They can take doubts on your motives . Create your own strategy
so you can settle in your job & career. So you do work with career coach &
participating programmes may also be helpful.
42. This article guide to you that on this site 120 characters of space available. On LinkedIn
you can make your status or break .
Almost people searching job on the LinkedIn. So many vacancies are there. & people
gets easy to find the job.
If you have a strong headline on LinkedIn will increase your chances of having
recruiters reach out to you. If you are not sure what keywords you should be including
in your headline ? So there are some helpful tips.
LinkedIn site very helpful to people. People can connect each other for job purpose.
Some professional people default their LinkedIn headlines to encompass their
current job title & company.
You should consider your unique value proposition . So you should also specify clearly
while LinkedIn headline preparing keywords that who are your ideal clients? What are
your area of focus ? What do you do for your clients ?
If you are a engineer then you should include the specific area such as testing , SAP
consultant, IT project, lead. Same other example.
If you are working in sales & marketing ,then you consider using buzz words such as
“award winning “ or “high impact”.
2
43. If you are working in accounts & finance then you consider the types of
clients & work you are known for doing.
So there are so many headline you can give on LinkedIn. i.e. as a project
manager, accounts executive , finance controller, sap consultant..
Including creativity in the headline can increase your profiles views, &
expand your connections & generate more leads.
For a professional seeking new position consider your interest by adding in a
bullet point. But don’t forget to add in your contact information such as your
phone number & email address in your summary on LinkedIn so recruiters
can easily contact you to pursue those opportunities.
Every few month update your headline to profile viewers & expand your
connections .so your connection can strong with those people that they
having good job. & by this connection you can know with each other.You can
easily get a job when recruiter view your job summary. & they can contact
you.
Your job title heading should be in perfection.
44. From this an article you can get a good knowledge about TCS. The scope of tax collection at
source is being extended in an efforts to tax evasion & black money transaction.
The Tax collection at source TCS have been on the statute books for many years. Under
these provision certain person are required to collect tax as a specified percentage from 1%
to 5% from the opposite parties. The person from whom the TCS is collected gets credit for
theTCS in his income tax return.
In 2012 was certain transaction with affecting to customers like receipt in cash , sale of
bullion exceeding Rs. 2 lakh , jewellery exceeding Rs. 5 lakh within ambits..& now in this
budget from 1 June 2016, the scope of TCS has been expanded to wide variety of
transactions it helps affect a large number of customers.
This will help for sale of a money for sale of goods or provision of services exceeding Rs. 2
lakh, the seller is required his sale price to collect an additional 1% from the purchaser & he
will pay to government.
One who person salaried employee who sells a car for more than Rs. 10 lakh he need to
collect TCS. Even manufacturer selling to dealer & dealer selling to those goods to
customers he also need to collectTCS.
Sale of goods , government departments , public sector undertakings , clubs , some other &
do no have to pay TCS, there is exclusion for a retail buyer purchasing goods for personal
consumption so its possible to that retail buyer of a car for his personal use so he doesn’t
have to pay the TCS. Whoever person purchasing goods & services exceeding Rs. 2 lakh in
cash, then he need not to apply .
In motor vehicle all types of vehicle 2 wheeler , 4 wheeler so one who person second hand
sale of vehicle if sale value exceeds of Rs. 10 lakh then he need to pay TCS.
3
45. All consumer would affect the TCS who prefer to pay large amount in cash. If
you pay cash more than Rs 2 lakh for your personal expense e.g. purchase of
furniture, renovation of house if these are all cost limit of Rs. 2 lakh then each
transaction of purchase & expenses would separately.
If each transaction of purchase & expenses is below of Rs. 2 lakh so there is
no need to applyTCS.
The intention is the only to check black money transaction & curb tax
evasion .& income tax department already have been changed from
january,2016, hence purchaser & seller of motor vehicle or two wheeler is
required PermanentAccount Number (PAN).
If you are selling or purchasing goods exceeding of Rs. 2 lakh then both
purchaser & seller required PAN.
TCS file return as well as information statements.
The focus is only on the cost to the government & not on the increased
burden on the public , or its impact of doing business.
There are many others & every tax law add to the procedures.
46. This article asking to you that Is The Monetary Policy Getting Real?. There
is recognition on the part of the RBI that it needs to adopt to the
system, rather than the other way round.
The Reserve bank of India cuts policy rate by 25 bps was expected. To
reach for 50bps for that will have to wait to see the how monsoon unfolds
ahead. Inflation increase day by day hence, inflation according to the RBI
expected to decelerate around 5% in 2016 – 17 in headline marking the
possible resistance. & demand also effects of civil servants wage increases
to be considered.
Inflation In housing , education, personal care & transport &
communication service in this indicates capacity constraints.& Inflation
part is not responsible to monetary policy changes.
4% headline CPI inflation goal by early 2018 will start looming on the
policy a further 25bps cut after monsoon unfolds therefore real rate of
interest will be maintain in the 125-175 percentage.
4
47. The RBI actions for the battle to lower actual borrowing cost take place at
the level of banks. To make that happen central bank underlined in
statements & post policy interactions. it could help to lower interest
rates at the ground level.
Central banks has also lowered the daily cash reserve bank require to
keep aside as well as interest rate paid for borrowing.
A central premise of the new operating framework proposed by the Urjit
Patel who is committee report, RBI sure that adequate reserve money
creation through the year as needed by demand condition.
Monetary policy have got real.
RBI governor Mr. Raghuram Rajan stressed that had already due to the
new marginal cost lending rule & this will be more in the future.
Central bank will support wherever necessary to do just that as judge.
You have to need observed ahead how these changes impact the cost of
capital on the ground.
48. From this article you can get a good knowledge of what are the finance instruments that
who invest the through assets or money.
Investment in represent debt, ownership of business or legal right to acquire part of
ownership interest in business are called as securities.
Financial instruments which is trade in the money market.Treasury bills, certificate of
deposit, commercial bills, commercial papers, these are the financial instruments.
In money market instruments have maturity period upon a 1 year are highly liquid, short
term debt instruments which is mature less than 12 months. & pay return to investor in the
form of discount at the time of issue. Capital market instruments long maturity period.
These instruments are as below:
Ownership Securities:
Equity shares
Preference shares
Cumulative convertible preference shares
Debt Securities:
Non convertible debenture
Partly convertible debenture
Zero – interest fully convertible debenture
Optionally convertible debenture
Deep discount bonds.
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49. Mutual Fund Units:
Income scheme
Growth scheme
Sectoral scheme
Equity scheme
Money market scheme
Other investments are also available particular for individual investors such as
saving bank accounts, fixed deposit in banks, post office , unsecured deposit
in companies.
A financial instruments is issued under terms & conditions about the
payment of interest / Dividend to the holder , maturity life , redemption value.
Equity shares & debentures are issued by corporate under terms & condition
some of these statutory terms such as preference shares in India must be
redeemed within maximum period of 20 years.
On cumulative convertible preference shares rate of interest need not exceed
10 % p.a.
50. The basic concept of accounting is the process of recording transaction, classifying &
interpreting financial transaction of the business for the benefit of management & one
who are parties interested in business such as shareholders, creditors, bankers,
customers, employee & government. it is concerned with financial reporting &
decision making aspects of the business.
The American institute of certified public accountants committee on terminology
proposed in 1941 that accounts defined as a The art of recording, classifying in a
manner & terms of money, transaction.
In Financial accounting concerned with the revenue , expenses, assets , liabilities of
business house.
Financial accounting is useful tool management & external use such as shareholders,
potential owners, creditors, customers, employees , government. Its provide
information of its operation & financial status of the business.
The following are the functional areas of financial accounting as step by step the
procedure.
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51. 1. Dealing with financial transactions in terms of money. 2. recording of information
concern with financial transaction of business, this information recorded in a book its
called journal .3.classification of data arrange in a manner to group the transaction
similar information items collected under different heads this called as ledger e.g.
salary, rent, advertisement these are head of accounts. 4. making summaries of the
trial balance is used to prepare profit & loss accounts, balance sheet in a manner useful
for accounting information.5. analyzing process of relationship between of profit &
loss a/c & balance sheet.The purpose is the financial strength & weakness of the
business. 6. Interpreting the financial information to take correct decision. 7.
Communicating the result the profitability & financial position of the business as
communicated interested parties at regular to assist them to make their own
conclusion.
There are limitation of financial accounting:
1) In financial accounting records only quantitative information.
2) Its provide information concern with product wise , process wise, department wise, or
information of any other activity cannot be separately.
3) It is technical in nature.
it is not helpful to the management in taking strategic decision like replacement of
assets, introduction of new products, expansion of capacity.
52. When you writing resume then always gets anxiety that if resume spelling mistake , or grammar
mistake, or any worded wrongly. my resume ,’is everything worded correctly? Am I remembering
every detail? , is there spelling mistake in my name? so there are so many question in your mind
after prepared resume.
It is right that when before the resume reaches the manager desk then start employees first
competition with their own way of thinking.
Your starting point is when you settle you have presented yourself towards presenting confident
option to employer & you’ll get interviews result for a job to success your dream.
So there are 6 best strategy & solution & determine to get a good job.
1. Know your Resume Goal : firstly you should decide that what are writing it? What is purpose of
applying?
2. Know Your Resume’s Audience: when hiring manager looking for someone not only their skills &
educations but also the person who has taken the time to understand work. the candidate who
understand the goal of the position & taken time to own qualification to those goal submitting
resume to those relevant qualification.
3. Know Your Competitor’s Resume: every successful professional is well aware of what the
competition is bringing to the hiring process about their qualification, experience , education ,
personality. You should not to anybody underestimate the reality of the situation. so you go
ahead & take your resume with potential effectiveness seriously. Your qualification & potential
value add that make you stand out.
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53. 4. Know The Challenges & Problems OnYour Resume : Its a critical next step in the
process. May be your education isn’t quite what the job post listed or may be your
skills don’t match with as you mentioned your expectations for the position.You
must be honest & structure your resume that is clear, well organized , & easy to
read.
5. Know How To Color Outside The Lines OfYour Resume : When the hiring personnel
has been looking at sea of black & white opening toYour personality & originality
will make you stand out. Make your resume professional but not stodgy, honest not
wordy , neat not boring so make your own words to bring your unique professional
to life.
6. Know When It’s Time For A Remodeling Project : A great way to fresh up your
resume & draw attention to makes you a winning candidate. job description &
you have learned about yourself , your audience , your competition its helps to
decide which aspects of your resume needs. Resume writing it is for champions of
the job market. it is way to show that you have takes to be every hiring managers
dreams.
Hiring your truly skilled professional resume writer is a great investment.
54. From this article you can get good message about profit management & control.
Profit is the reward which goes to organization as a factors of production . Profit
in its pure accounting senses is the surplus of revenue over the cost.
Thus, the formula is = P=TR –TC
P = price ,TR =Total Revenue ,TC –Total Cost.
In every business enterprise desire to its maximum profit of business. for profit
maximization is the level of output Marginal Revenue = Marginal Cost.
There is difference between Normal profit & Super normal profit means Normal
profit is included average cost & Super normal profit included any profit above
the average cost.
The gross profit & net profit besides profit in accounting sense.
The firm has to reveals to shareholder the profit before tax as well as profit after
tax.
Business of Businessman is Business. therefore the profit becomes of any
business enterprise. Every businessman the aim to to get maximize profit & if
there no profit at least certain level of profit.
Factors profit maximization policy:
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55. In government has two aspects, first there is always threat of
nationalization & second government may appoint to scrutinize
the affairs of the company.
If the any firm maximum profit it automatically attracts to new
products to enter the same area of operation which affects its
profit.
The firm does not necessarily work for profit maximization but
work for mainly to gain & goodwill of the consumers.
The firm should be in good relation between employee & employer.
High profit may trade unions demanding higher wages.
Any business enterprise maintain proper balance sheet for the
purpose of auditing as well as uploading the interest of the
shareholder.
56. Everybody knows about the Money Market & Capital Market but there are
different some things.
Money market & Capital market is made on the basis of maturity period
of instruments & claims.
Short term instruments maturing with a period of 1 year are trade in
Money Market & Capital market deals with longer maturity financial
assets & claims.
Both type of markets facility the transfer of funds saver to deficit - user
the difference between is maintained with reference to the time period
covered by the transaction .
Capital market includes trading in securities , mutual fund unit, &
government debt instruments & the other hand in Money market facilities
dealings in short – term financial instruments such as inter - corporate
deposit, certificate of deposit, treasury bonds, commercial paper ,
commercial bills, .
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57. There are difference between Capital Market & Money Market as
follows:
1. Capital market is a long term instruments having more than 1 year
& Money market is short term instruments only.
2. Money market is a wholesale markets & participants are large
institutional investors, commercial banks , mutual fund, &
corporate bodies, & Capital market small individual investors they
can deal by sale / purchase of shares , debentures , mutual fund.
3. Capital market has two common segments are Primary Markets &
Secondary markets. & Money market there is no such sub division
in general.
4. In Money market total volume of trade occur per day & volume
per day taking place in capital markets.
58. Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has a primary responsibility .
Primary Market reforms by the SEBI:
SEBI has introduced with various guidelines & regulatory measures for capital
issues for healthy & efficient of capital market in India. The issuing companies
are required to make material disclosure the risk factors in their offer
documents & get debt rated.
The merchant banker have greater degree of accountability in the offer
documents & the issue process.
In primary market new reforms by SEBI include improved disclosure
standards.
SEBI has introduced a code for advertisement for public issues for ensuring
fair & true picture.
The book building process in the primary market has been introduced with a
view to further strengthen the price fixing process.
Indian companies have been allowed to raise funds from abroad by issue of
ADR/GDR/FCCB.
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59. Secondary market reforms by SEBI:
Establishment of Securities & Exchange Board Of India in 1992.
The main deficiencies of the system in two areas:
1. Clearing & settlement system in stock exchange physical delivery of shares by the
seller & payment by the buyers was made.
2. Procedure for transfer of shares in name of the purchaser by the company. The
procedure was involving a lot of paper work, delay in settlement, non transparency in
costs & prices of the transaction.
As part of the process of establishing rules for trading the BADLA system was
discontinued in December 1993. The SEBI directed the stock exchange at Mumbai ,
Kolkata , Delhi , Ahmadabad
Physical share certificate has been outdated by the Electronic depository system .
Fll ‘s have been allowed to participate in the capital market.
Reforms taken by the government & regulators the market structure has been
defined & modernized. The securities market moved from T+3 settlement period to
T+2 rolling settlement effect from April 1 , 2003.
RealTime Gross settlement has been introduced by RBI.