11. Farm tractor malfunction - C_V1.0_220411.pptx

Scenariodiscussion
11. Farm tractor malfunction

Scenario4.1_11 Farm tractor malfunction
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MELODY #4.1 P First Alert Scenario Discussion

The scene
Scenario4.1_11 Farm tractormalfunction
3

Key facts
4
• At 6:30 a.m. on May 3, 2019, a farm tractor experienced a mechanical failure that
involved its tank while on a main road in a low-density residential area, resulting
in the release of part of its content.
• The release created a large, low-lying plume of white gas, which lingered in the
area and surrounded nearby homes.
• Vehicles encountering the plume stalled, and drivers and passengers were
overcome by the gas.
• A driver saw the plume and called the emergency services reporting the incident
as a car fire and reported an acrid smell and taste. During the call, the caller
experiences throat irritation, coughing, difficulty breathing, and choking.

What would you ask based on the METHANE protocol?
5
Issue Possible question
Major Incident
Exact location
Type of the incident
Hazard
Access
Number of casualties
Emergency services

6
Issue Possible question
Identification of the caller
Location of the incident
Type of the incident
State of the incident
What would you ask based on the Four W’s protocol?

7
MELODY #5.1 P On-site risk/threat assessment, Security of the area, Isolate people and pet animals on scene, Registration of victims. Scenario Discussion.

The scene
8

Key facts
9
• At 6:30 a.m. on May 3, 2019, a farm tractor experienced a mechanical failure that involved its tank while on
a main road in a low-density residential area, resulting in the release of part of its content.
• The release created a large, low-lying plume of white gas, which lingered in the area and surrounded
nearby homes.
• Vehicles encountering the plume stalled, and drivers and passengers were overcome by the gas.
• A driver saw the plume and called the emergency services reporting the incident as a car fire and reported
an acrid smell and taste. During the call, the caller experiences throat irritation, coughing, difficulty
breathing, and choking.
• DO initially reported the incident as a car fire.
• Some FRs arriving at the scene were also overcome by the gas. Other FRs who smelled the acrid odour
and saw the white plume retreated quickly to don a self-contained breathing apparatus before attempting
rescues.
• Victims were rescued from cars and homes nearest to the release. A shelter-in-place order was issued to
residents living within a 1.5-Km radius of the release.
• The FB applied a water spray to dilute the plume until the tank was empty, which took almost 3 hours.

What do you ask yourself concerning:
10
Issue ?
RISK ASSESSMENT NEEDS
SECUREING THE AREA NEEDS
ISOLATION OF PEOPLE AND PET
ANIMAL NEEDS
REGISTRATION OF VICTIMS NEEDS

What do you do concerning:
11
Issue ?
RISK ASSESSMENT
SECUREING THE AREA
ISOLATION OF PEOPLE AND PET
ANIMAL
REGISTRATION OF VICTIMS

12
MELODY # 5.3.P Treatment methods of patients involved in a CBRN incident Scenario Discussions

The scene
13

Key facts
14
• At 6:30 a.m. on May 3, 2019, a farm tractor experienced a mechanical failure that involved
its ammonia tank while on a main road in a low-density residential area, resulting in the
release of almost 2000 litres of anhydrous ammonia that created a large, low-lying plume
of white gas, which lingered in the area and surrounded nearby homes.
• Vehicles encountering the plume stalled, and drivers and passengers were overcome by
the gas.
• A driver saw the plume and called the emergency services reporting the incident as a car
fire and reported an acrid smell and taste. During the call, the caller experiences throat
irritation, coughing, difficulty breathing, and choking.
• Because DO initially reported the incident as a car fire some FRs arriving at the scene were
also overcome by the gas. Other FRs who smelled the acrid odour and saw the white
plume retreated quickly to don a self-contained breathing apparatus before attempting
rescues.
• Victims were rescued from cars and homes nearest to the release.

Key facts
15
• 83 persons, including FRs, motorists, and neighbourhood residents, were
evaluated at six local hospitals because of exposure to the gas.
• Among the 83 persons evaluated, 14 were hospitalized.
• 8 persons were admitted to the ICU, 7 of whom required endotracheal intubation
and mechanical ventilation.
• No victims had been decontaminated in the field.
• Many victims were decontaminated at the hospital. Two hospitals decontaminated
victims upon arrival to the ER
• One hospital began to decontaminate admitted victims after some ICU staff
members experienced symptoms of secondary exposure in the ICU from off-
gassing of anhydrous ammonia from victims’ clothing.
• No deaths occurred.

Casualty #1 Triage Proposed action/treatment
28 YEARS OLD MAN
• Burning sensation in the eyes
• No visible wounds or injury
• RR 28
• SBP 100
• A+
• V
• P
• U
Status of the casualties, triage, treatment
16

45 YEARS OLD MAN (First responder)
• Respiratory distress
• No visible wounds or injuries
• RR 35
• SBP 70
• A
• V
• P+
• U
17

20 YEARS OLD WOMAN
• Eye irritation
• Lacrimation
• RR 20
• SBP 110
• A+
• V
• P
• U
18

40 YEARS OLD MAN
• Rhinorrhoea
• Coughing
• RR 32
• SBP 85
• A
• V+
• P
• U
19

20
MELODY #5.4 P Forensic Awareness Scenario discussion

The scene
21

Key facts
22
• At 6:30 a.m. on May 3, 2019, a farm tractor experienced a mechanical failure that involved its ammonia tank while
on a main road in a low-density residential area, resulting in the release of almost 2000 litres of anhydrous
ammonia that created a large, low-lying plume of white gas, which lingered in the area and surrounded nearby
homes.
• Vehicles encountering the plume stalled, and drivers and passengers were overcome by the gas. A driver saw the
plume and called the emergency services reporting the incident as a car fire and reported an acrid smell and
taste. During the call, the caller experiences throat irritation, coughing, difficulty breathing, and choking.
• Because DO initially reported the incident as a car fire some FRs arriving at the scene were also overcome by the
gas. Other FRs who smelled the acrid odour and saw the white plume retreated quickly to don a self-contained
breathing apparatus before attempting rescues.
• Victims were rescued from cars and homes nearest to the release. A shelter-in-place order was issued to
residents living within a 1.5-Km radius of the release.
• No victims had been decontaminated in the field.
• The FB applied a water spray to dilute the plume until the ammonia tank was empty, which took almost 3 hours.
• The release was investigated by the local authorities, fire department, environmental protection agency.
• Nearby coniferous trees were visibly damaged by the ammonia release and were mapped as a proxy for the
location of the anhydrous ammonia plume.

Forensic evidence
23
What would you consider as evidence on
this scene
What would you do to preserve it
1
2
3
…

Scenario6.1_11 Emergencycall
24
MELODY #6.1 Alarm protocol Scenario discussion

The emergency call
Scenario 6.1_11 Emergencycall
An emergency call arrives at the dispatch office at 6.42 AM
• The caller identifies himself a driver who is calling to report a car fire along the main road.
• DO asks the caller to describe the scene
• The caller reports that there is a white plume on the road that seems coming from a car fire and some
vehicles are engulfed in the plume.
• DO asks whether the caller noticed any particular smell
• The caller reported an acrid smell and taste.
• DO asks the conditions of the caller
• The caller reports that he’s experiencing throat irritation, coughing, difficulty breathing, and choking.
25

Scenario 6.1_11_a Emergencycall
26
Provide a question for the given answer
DO:
The caller reports that in the area there are several cars and what seems to be a large farm tractor with a
tank.
DO:
The caller says there is no wind, and the air is cool and humid.
DO:
The caller reports that it’s a residential area and the plume reached nearby houses.
The emergency call

Scenario 6.1_11_b Emergencycall
27
Consider the following:
1) Is there anything else you would need to know before passing the call to the emergency service?
2) Would you pass the call to other emergency services beyond the one requested by the caller?
3) What message would you refer to the emergency service(s)?
The emergency call

Scenario 6.1_11_c Emergencycall
28
List the questions you would ask to the person calling and specify why
1) …
2) …
3) …
4) …
The emergency call

29
MELODY #6.3.P Triage related to CBRN – chemical scenario - Scenario discussion

Table top exercise – triage of victims

THE D-DAY
31

May 3, 2019 06:30
• Location: along the main road in a low-density residential
area
• Witnesses’ observation: white gas plume engulfing many vehicles and a large
farm tractor with a tank.
• Acrid smell and taste coming from the plume.
• Common symptoms: throat irritation, cough, difficulty breathing, burning lungs, eye irritation and
choking sensation.
• One driver called the emergency services to report a car fire.
• FRs arriving at the overcome by the gas.
• Other FRs retreated quickly to don a self-contained breathing apparatus before attempting
rescues.
• First responders: decontamination and transport of 10 victims to triage point.
• Step by step action: triage of victims
32

Potential pointsfor discussion
• Unintentional release of chemical agents from the car fire
• Unintentional release of chemical agents from other sources
• Intentional release of chemical agents
• Inform the media
33

May 3, 2019 06:55– Arrivalof first responders
• Triage the victims
• SYMPTOMS
• RESPIRATORY RATE (RR)
• SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE (SBP)
• THE AVPU SCALE (ALERT, VOICE, PAIN, UNRESPONSIVE)
34
Triagemethodology

35
Triagemethodology
RR 10-29 4 SBP >90 4 AVPU A 4
>29 3 76-89 3 V 3
6-9 2 50-75 2 P 2
1-5 1 1-49 1 U 1
0 0 0 0 DEAD 0
INTERPRETATION
SYMPTOMS + TOTAL SCORE RR + SBP + AVPU 1-10 – IMMEDIATE
SYMPTOMS + TOTAL SCORE RR + SBP + AVPU 11 - DELAYED
SYMPTOMS + TOTAL SCORE RR + SBP + AVPU 12 – MINIMAL
SYMPTOMS + TOTAL SCORE RR + SBP + AVPU 0 – DEAD

VICTIMNO 1
• 30 YR FEMALE
• Burning sensation in the nose
• RR 28
• SBP 105
• A+
• V
• P
• U
• MINIMAL (GREEN)
36

VICTIMNO 2
• 60 YR MALE
• Respiratory failure
• RR 8
• SBP 50
• A
• V
• P+
• U
• IMMEDIATE (RED)
37

VICTIMNO 3
• 25 YR MALE
• Burning sensation in the throat
• RR 25
• SBP 115
• A+
• V
• P
• U
• MINIMAL (GREEN)
38

VICTIMNO 4
• 35 YR MALE
• Rhinorrhoea
• RR 24
• SBP 130
• A+
• V
• P
• U
• MINIMAL (GREEN)
39

VICTIMNO 5
• 45 YR FEMALE
• Upper airway swelling
• RR 30
• SBP 88
• A
• V+
• P
• U
• DELAYED (YELLOW)
40

VICTIMNO 6
• 30 YR FEMALE
• Open tibial fractures
• RR 5
• SBP 40
• A
• V
• P+
• U
• IMMEDIATE (RED)
41

VICTIMNO 7
• 30 YR MALE
• Runny nose
• Lacrimation
• RR 25
• SBP 120
• A+
• V
• P
• U
• MINIMAL (GREEN)
42

VICTIMNO 8
• 55 YR MALE
• Airway obstruction
• RR 6
• SBP 40
• A
• V
• P+
• U
• IMMEDIATE (RED)
43

VICTIMNO 9
• 40 YR MALE
• Cough
• Lacrimation
• RR 15
• SBP 95
• A+
• V
• P
• U
• MINIMAL (GREEN)
44

VICTIMNO 10
• 30 YR FEMALE
• Symptoms of edema
• RR 5
• SBP 35
• A
• V
• P+
• U
• IMMEDIATE (RED)
45

Thank you
46

11. Farm tractor malfunction - C_V1.0_220411.pptx

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11. Farm tractor malfunction - C_V1.0_220411.pptx