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‫الوطنية‬ ‫النجاح‬ ‫جامعة‬
‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫كلية‬ ‫عمادة‬
‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫والتجريد‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬
‫دراسية‬ ‫حالة‬)‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفية‬ ‫الوحدات‬(
‫إعداد‬
‫العواوده‬ ‫عيسى‬ ‫محمود‬ ‫حسن‬
‫إشراف‬
‫د‬.‫العمد‬ ‫إيمان‬
‫د‬.‫الرطروط‬ ‫ھيثم‬
‫درج‬ ‫لمتطلبات‬ ‫إستكماال‬ ‫األطروحة‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫قدمت‬‫الماجستير‬ ‫ة‬‫المعمارية‬ ‫الھندسة‬ ‫في‬‫بكلية‬
‫الوطنية‬ ‫النجاح‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫في‬ ‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬،‫نابلس‬-‫فلسطين‬.
2009
‫ت‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻲ‬‫ﺒﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺜﺭﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺸﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬
…………….‫ﺃﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
…………….‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬل‬ ‫ﻅﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎل‬……………‫ﺃﺴﺎﺘﺫﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬.
‫ث‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘل‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬.
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺩﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬‫ﻟﺭﻁﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺘﺫﺘﻲ‬.
‫ج‬
‫اإلقرار‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ،‫ﺃﺩﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎ‬:
‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫والتجريد‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬
‫دراسية‬ ‫حالة‬)‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفية‬ ‫الوحدات‬(
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭ‬‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ،‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻜﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬.
Declaration
The work provided in this thesis, unless otherwise refrenced, is the
researcher’s own work, and has not been submitted elsewhere for any
other degree or qualification.
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬:Student’s Name:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬:Signature:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬:Date:
‫ح‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬
‫الرقم‬‫الموضوع‬‫الصفحة‬
‫اإلھداء‬‫ج‬
‫و‬ ‫الشكر‬‫التقدير‬‫د‬
‫اإلقرار‬‫ه‬
‫المحتويات‬ ‫فھرس‬‫و‬
‫األشكال‬ ‫فھرس‬‫ك‬
‫الملخص‬‫ع‬
1‫األول‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الدراسة‬ ‫مقدمة‬
1.1‫التمھيد‬2
2.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫مشكلة‬5
3.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫مبررات‬5
4.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫أھمية‬5
5.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫أھداف‬6
6.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫فرضيات‬6
7.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫حدود‬6
8.1‫الدر‬‫السابقة‬ ‫اسات‬7
1.8.1‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫دراسة‬7
‫خ‬
2.8.1‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفة‬ ‫إستخدام‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوسطية‬ ‫العملي‬ ‫التطبيق‬8
3.8.1‫الراشد‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫دراسة‬8
9.1‫المعلومات‬ ‫مصادر‬9
10.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫منھجية‬9
11.1‫والمحتويات‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫خطة‬10
2‫الثاني‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الوسطية‬ ‫مفھوم‬‫وتطورھا‬ ‫اإلسالم‬ ‫في‬
1.2‫اإلسالم‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬12
2.2‫اإلسالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬13
3.2‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫والعمارة‬ ‫الوسطية‬15
1.3.2‫وسطية‬‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫والمضمون‬ ‫الشكل‬17
4.2‫والمادة‬ ‫الفكر‬ ‫بين‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الوسطية‬19
3‫الثالث‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الت‬ ‫في‬ ‫والتجريد‬ ‫الفن‬‫والغربية‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫جربة‬
1.3‫الجميلة‬ ‫للفنون‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الرؤية‬24
2.3‫التجريدي‬ ‫الفني‬ ‫والتعبير‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخارف‬28
1.2.3‫الھندسية‬ ‫الزخرفية‬ ‫للوحدات‬ ‫الفلسفي‬ ‫المدلول‬30
2.2.3‫الزخرفية‬ ‫اللوحة‬ ‫عالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫التوحيد‬ ‫معنى‬32
3.2.3‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫الزخرفي‬ ‫والنسق‬ ‫التكرار‬33
4.2.3‫الھندسية‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫رمزية‬35
3.3‫الفن‬‫الغربي‬ ‫بالمنظور‬ ‫الجمال‬ ‫وعلم‬39
‫د‬
4.3‫الغربي‬ ‫بالتصور‬ ‫الفن‬39
5.3‫الغربي‬ ‫بالتصور‬ ‫التجريدي‬ ‫التوجه‬41
1.5.3‫وكاندنسكي‬ ‫موندريان‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫التجريدي‬ ‫الفن‬42
1.1.5.3‫موندريان‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫التجريدي‬ ‫الفن‬43
1.1.1.5.3‫المعم‬ ‫التطبيقات‬‫موندريان‬ ‫اريةلفن‬)‫ستايل‬ ‫دي‬ ‫مجموعة‬(45
2.1.5.3‫كاندنسكي‬ ‫فاسيلي‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫التجريدي‬ ‫الفن‬48
4‫الرابع‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفة‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫مفھوم‬
1.4‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫والمتغير‬ ‫الثابت‬ ‫بين‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الوسطية‬53
2.4‫الذاتي‬ ‫الفن‬ ‫بين‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفة‬ ‫فن‬‫وال‬‫الرياضي‬ ‫فن‬.56
5‫الخامس‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الدراسية‬ ‫الحاالت‬
1.5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫معھد‬-‫باريس‬60
1.1.5‫المشروع‬ ‫إختيار‬ ‫أسباب‬60
2.1.5‫التصميمية‬ ‫والفكرة‬ ‫الموقع‬ ‫محددات‬61
3.1.5‫للمشروع‬ ‫الوظيفية‬ ‫المكونات‬62
4.1.5‫التصميم‬ ‫من‬ ‫كجزء‬ ‫المعاصرة‬ ‫التكنولوجية‬ ‫التقنية‬63
1.4.1.5‫الجنوبية‬ ‫الواجھة‬64
5.1.5‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫لعناصر‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫محاكاة‬65
6.1.5‫الوسطي‬ ‫بالفكر‬ ‫والعالقة‬ ‫للمعھد‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التكوين‬66
‫الثانية‬ ‫الدراسية‬ ‫الحالة‬:‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫بمنظور‬ ‫الوسطية‬
‫ذ‬
2.5‫العمارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫النظرية‬ ‫عن‬ ‫البحث‬69
1.2.5‫الف‬‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫لعبد‬ ‫الوسطي‬ ‫كر‬70
2.2.5‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫والمضمون‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫وسطية‬ ‫في‬ ‫البحث‬71
3.5‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫الوسطية‬-‫الزھراء‬ ‫مسجد‬74
1.3.5‫المشروع‬ ‫موقع‬75
2.3.5‫الزھراء‬ ‫لمسجد‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التصميم‬75
3.3.5‫للمشروع‬ ‫التصميمية‬ ‫الفكرة‬76
4.3.5‫للمشروع‬ ‫التشكيلية‬ ‫المعمارية‬ ‫العناصر‬77
5.3.5‫الزھراء‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫والفكر‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬78
6‫السادس‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الوسطي‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التفكير‬
1.6‫والروح‬ ‫المادة‬‫المعماري‬ ‫التفكير‬ ‫عالم‬80
2.6‫الوسطي‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التشكيل‬ ‫عناصر‬82
1.2.6‫واإلستمرارية‬ ‫الوحدة‬82
1.1.2.6‫والتوجه‬ ‫التوحيد‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ،‫للوحدة‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المفھوم‬82
2.2.6‫التكرار‬84
3.2.6‫الزخرفي‬ ‫النسق‬84
3.6‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫الزخرفي‬ ‫التشكيل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المستلھم‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التفكير‬86
4.6‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫تجربة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬92
1.4.6‫ا‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫تجربة‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫خصائص‬‫إلسالمي‬92
‫ر‬
7‫السابع‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫والتوصيات‬ ‫النتائج‬
1.7‫النتائج‬99
2.7‫التوصيات‬103
‫المصادر‬105
‫ز‬
‫األشكال‬ ‫جدول‬
‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬
1:2‫الصخرة‬ ‫لقبة‬ ‫طولي‬ ‫مقطع‬18
2:2‫الصخرة‬ ‫لقبة‬ ‫االفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬18
3:2‫بروما‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المركز‬21
1:3‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫الفن‬ ‫في‬ ‫مشربية‬27
2:3‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫الفن‬ ‫في‬ ‫المقرنصات‬27
3:3‫العربي‬ ‫للخط‬ ‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬29
4:3‫العربي‬ ‫للخط‬ ‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬29
5:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬30
6:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬30
7:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬31
8:3‫إسالمية‬ ‫عملة‬ ‫أول‬32
9:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬34
10:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬35
11:3‫لموندريان‬ ‫شخصية‬ ‫صورة‬43
12:3‫لموندريان‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬)‫ومنحنية‬ ‫ھندسية‬ ‫خطوط‬(44
13:3‫لموندريان‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬)‫لونية‬ ‫مساحات‬(44
‫س‬
‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬
14:3‫شرويدر‬ ‫مسكن‬46
15:3‫شرويدر‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫األمامية‬ ‫الواجھة‬46
16:3‫شرويدر‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫داخلية‬ ‫صورة‬47
17:3‫لكاندنسكي‬ ‫شخصية‬ ‫صورة‬48
18:3‫لكاند‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬‫نسكي‬48
19:3‫لكاندنسكي‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬49
20:3‫لكاندنسكي‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬49
21:3‫لكاندنسكي‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬50
1:4‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬53
2:4‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬54
3:4‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬55
1:5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫لمعھد‬ ‫العام‬ ‫الموقع‬-‫باريس‬-60
2:5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫معھد‬-‫بباريس‬-61
3:5‫البصري‬ ‫المحور‬‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫معھد‬ ‫لمدخل‬61
4:5‫للمعھد‬ ‫الجنوبي‬ ‫الجزء‬62
5:5‫المعھد‬ ‫مدخل‬62
6:5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫بمعھد‬ ‫الرابع‬ ‫للدور‬ ‫االفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬63
7:5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫بمعھد‬ ‫المتحف‬63
‫ش‬
‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬
8:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫للعرض‬ ‫الداخلية‬ ‫الصالة‬63
9:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫المكتبة‬ ‫مبنى‬63
10:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫الزجاجية‬ ‫لألغشية‬ ‫تفاصيل‬64
11:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫الزجاجية‬ ‫لألغشية‬ ‫تفاصيل‬64
12:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫الجنوبية‬ ‫الواجھة‬64
13:5‫المعھد‬ ‫بأجزاء‬ ‫الفناء‬ ‫عالقة‬65
14:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫الزجاجية‬ ‫األلواح‬65
15:5‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬65
16:5‫الزھراء‬ ‫مسجد‬-‫بالقاھرة‬75
17:5‫الم‬ ‫المقاعد‬‫بالمسجد‬ ‫تحركة‬76
18:5‫بالمسجد‬ ‫المتحركة‬ ‫المقاعد‬76
19:5‫للمسجد‬ ‫دائرية‬ ‫النصف‬ ‫القبوات‬77
20:5‫الداخل‬ ‫من‬ ‫للمسجد‬ ‫دائرية‬ ‫النصف‬ ‫القبوات‬77
21:5‫الزھراء‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫مآذن‬77
1:6‫الكورنيش‬ ‫لمسجد‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬-‫جدة‬-83
2:6‫الكورنيش‬ ‫مسجد‬–‫بجدة‬-83
3:6‫للمعمار‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫جامعة‬‫الكفراوي‬ ‫كمال‬ ‫ي‬84
‫ص‬
‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬
4:6‫قطر‬ ‫بجامعة‬ ‫الھوائية‬ ‫المالقف‬84
5:6‫بالمغرب‬ ‫الثاني‬ ‫حسن‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫مدخل‬85
6:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬86
7:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬87
8:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬87
9:6‫ثمانية‬ ‫نجمة‬88
10:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫في‬ ‫المربع‬88
11:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫في‬ ‫المربع‬88
12:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستطيل‬88
13:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستطيل‬88
14:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫تشكيل‬89
15:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫تشكيل‬89
16:6‫حركي‬ ‫زخرفي‬ ‫تشكيل‬90
17:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫أفقي‬ ‫مسقط‬90
18:6‫مقترح‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫أرضي‬ ‫أفقي‬ ‫مسقط‬)‫أ‬(91
19:6‫مقترح‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫األول‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬)‫أ‬(91
20:6‫المسقط‬‫مقترح‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫األرضي‬ ‫األفقي‬)‫ب‬(91
21:6‫مقترح‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫األول‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬)‫ب‬(91
‫ض‬
‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬
22:6‫المقترح‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫للمركز‬ ‫األرضي‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬93
23:6‫المقترح‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫للمركز‬ ‫األول‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬93
24:6‫للباحث‬ ‫المقترح‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫مشروع‬93
25:6‫للباحث‬ ‫المقترح‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫مشروع‬94
26:6‫للمركز‬ ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الواجھات‬94
27:6‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫بالمركز‬ ‫المسجد‬94
28:6‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫بالمركز‬ ‫اإلذاعة‬ ‫برج‬95
29:6‫بدران‬ ‫راسم‬ ‫قطرللمعماري‬ ‫لمتحف‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬95
30:6‫بدران‬ ‫راسم‬ ‫للمعماري‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫متحف‬96
‫ط‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬(
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻭﺍﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﻫﻴﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺤﺙ‬‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺵ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻻﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬‫ﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬.
‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬.
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ظ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺨﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎﻤﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬.
‫ﻭﻗ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺕ‬.....،‫ﺍﻟﺦ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺯﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬‫ﺒﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻅﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﺼﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻌﻤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
1.1‫التمھيد‬
2.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫مشكلة‬
3.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫مبررات‬
4.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫أھمية‬
5.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫أھداف‬
6.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫فرضيات‬
7.1‫حدو‬‫الدراسة‬ ‫د‬
8.1‫السابقة‬ ‫الدراسات‬
9.1‫المعلومات‬ ‫مصادر‬
10.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫منھجية‬
11.1‫والمحتويات‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫خطة‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬:
1.1‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬:‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺸﻜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬‫ﻔﺔ‬‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺼل‬‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻔﺼﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻗﻌﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬.
‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬"‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺭﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ،
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻴﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬"‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺸﻬﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ،ﺁﻴ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﺔ‬143(‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺜﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺫﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻘﻴﻀﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻀﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬،‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻀﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﺴﺭﻫﺎ‬
"‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬‫ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬‫ﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻅﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ‫،ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬......‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻉ‬")‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ،ﺹ‬156(‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺜﻭﺍﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‬.
3
‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺵ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬.
1.1.1‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬:‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺎﺴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻁﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬‫ﻴﺱ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ‬‫ﻟﺘ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻﻻﺕ‬‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻟﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺩ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﻠﻘﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬‫ﺘﻴ‬‫ﺃﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻓﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﺒﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻠﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺠﻴﺢ‬‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﻊ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬،‫ﺩ‬‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫،ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺇﻨﺸﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻜﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬.
‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬‫ﻓﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺴﺘﺎﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺇ‬‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﻌﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺴﻠﻡ‬
4
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬‫ﻤﺘﻔﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻟﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺭﺍﺌﻲ‬.
‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬‫ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ،
‫ﻤﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻬﻠﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻟﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬‫ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ‬.
2.1.1‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺠﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺘﺨﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻲ‬‫ﺜﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻡ‬‫ﺇ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺠﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺭﻭﺤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺘﺯﺝ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬.
3.1.1‫ﺍﻹﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ،
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻼﻋﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻟﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ،
‫ﺒﺩﻻ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
5
‫ﺍﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺒﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬.
2.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬:
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬.
3.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺭﺭﺍﺕ‬:
‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬.
‫ﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬‫ﹴ‬‫ﺢ‬‫ﺼﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﻜﺄﺴﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬.
‫ﻭﻴﺒﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻨﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،.
4.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺍﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺨﻼل‬.
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻁ‬.
6
‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬.
5.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬‫ﺍﺴﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻴﻕ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬.
‫ﺇﻅ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻬﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬.
6.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬.
‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎ‬‫ﺒﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬.
7.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬:‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫﺕ‬‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻯ‬‫ﺃﻓﺭﺯﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎ‬‫ﺘﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ،‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤل‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬
7
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬‫ﻋﻜﺴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺘﺭﺍﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﺴﻼ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬(‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬)‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬)‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬(
‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
8.1‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬:‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬:
1.8.1‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬:
‫ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻠﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭﻀﺢ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴ‬‫ﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺘﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﻋﻔﻭﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬
8
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼﺎﺩﻗ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬‫ﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﻻﺴﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺇﻀﻁﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﺨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬.
2.8.1‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ‬.
‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻗ‬ ،‫ﺒﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
،‫ﺒﺩﺨﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻀﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬
،‫ﺒﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬.
‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ‬.
3.8.1‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬:
‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬‫ﻟﻺ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ﺍﺸﺩ‬‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺎﻕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺈ‬‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺘﺩل‬‫ﻭﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬‫ﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬،‫ﻟﻠﺸﺭﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﻭﻴ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻤﺔ‬،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺫ‬‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ،
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﺒﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬‫ﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﻨﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻁ‬.
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‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺈﻥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻴﺎﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤﺎ‬‫ﻬﺎ‬.
9.1‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬:
‫ﺇﺭﺘﻜﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬:
1.‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬.
2.‫ﺍﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬.
3.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬.
4.‫ﻤﺼﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬.
5.‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬.
10.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬،‫ﺴﺘﺩﻻﻟﻲ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺇﻟ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻭﺠﻭﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻼﻤﻲ‬.
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻁﺭﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺴﺘﺸ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤل‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜ‬،‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸ‬‫ﻹﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ،‫ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻴل‬‫ﺇﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬.
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11.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺇﺘﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ‬ ،‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬‫ﻫ‬،‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﺘ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺘﺤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻁﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻜل‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬.
‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬.
‫ﻗﺩﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺈﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺈﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬.
‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬.
‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﺘﺠﺭﺒﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬:‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ‬.
‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻕ‬.
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬.
11
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬
2.‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬
1.2‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﻗﺒل‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
2.2‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
3.2‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
1 .3.2‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
4.2‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
12
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬
2.‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬:
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬:‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻡ‬‫ﻨﻘﻴﺎﺩ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﻷ‬‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺈﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻴﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻤﺔ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬"‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻨﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻜﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺸﻬﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬")‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬143(
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬"‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬"، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫َﻁ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬)‫ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ‬(‫ﺍﻻ‬، ‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ْﻁ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺴﻜﻴﻥ‬(‫ُﻁ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻀﻡ‬(‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬"‫ﻭﺃﻋﺩﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺴﻁ‬")‫ﺍﻟﺩﺠﺎﻨ‬،‫ﻲ‬2008‫،ﺹ‬9(
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻀﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻀﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﺴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬"‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﺇﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻅﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ،....‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺎﺕ‬")‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ‬)‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬(‫ﺹ‬ ،156(
2.1‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬:
‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﺸﻜ‬‫ﺒﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﻼﻗﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻁﻐﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬‫ﺃﻓﻼﻁﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ‬ ،
‫ﻭﻴﺭﻯ‬"‫ﺍﻷﺨﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬")،‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬100(‫ﻭﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ ،
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻼﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺭ‬‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺇﻏﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﻟﻬﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺨﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻔﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻜﺘﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬"‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬"
)،‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬101(‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ،"‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺫﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﻓ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬")،‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬102(،‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬"‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬
13
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬،‫ﺤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬‫ﻭﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺔ‬"‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬، ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻠﻙ‬ ،")،‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬102(‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،
‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻜﺈﻨﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ّ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻓﺎﻀل‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬،‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺨ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬‫ﺤﺩﺩﻫ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺭ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺃﺭﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻕ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻁﻭ‬‫ﻫﻭ‬"‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺵ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬")،‫ﻏﺎﺭﺩﺭ‬1996‫،ﺹ‬126.(
2.2‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺭﻓﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻀﺔ‬‫ﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻅﻠﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬"‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺤﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻴﺎﺯ‬
")،‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬1991‫ﺹ‬ ، ‫ﻡ‬77(.‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻐﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬،"‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﻤﺘﺴ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬‫ﺴﻤﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬‫ﺘﻨﺎﺴﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜل‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬")،‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬1991‫ﻡ،ﺹ‬(،‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻭﺭ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،،‫ﺘﺠ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬،‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬"‫ﻗﻭﺍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺘﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺭﻓﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻔﻘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬"
)‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺎﻥ،ﺁﻴﺔ‬76(.
‫ﻭﻟ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﺕ‬ ‫ﻘﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﺠﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩ‬.
‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻟﻔﺘﻭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻨﺎ‬،‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬"‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺅﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬")‫ﺍﻟ‬،‫ﺭﺍﺸﺩ‬‫ﺹ‬155(.
14
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬،"‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻻﺘﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺩل‬‫ﺍﻻﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬")، ‫ﺤﻨﻔﻲ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬60(،‫ﻓ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻬﻲ‬‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻴﺘﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻓﻴﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬"‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻘل‬‫ﻴﺒﺭﺭ‬‫ُﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬ ،‫ﻴﻨﺤﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬‫ُﺩﺭﻙ‬‫ﻴ‬ ،
‫ﻴﻨﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬")،‫ﺤﻨﻔﻲ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬61(.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬،‫ﻟﺫ‬‫ﺇﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬‫ﺒﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺭﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬.
‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺭﺭ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬"‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻬﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺘﻡ‬")‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ،ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺁل‬110(‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬"‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬‫ﺸﻬﻴﺩﺍ‬")،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬143(،‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻷﻤﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬‫ﺭﻭﻑ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬‫ﻓﻬ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺼﻔﺘ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺤﺩﺓ‬،‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻟﻼﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬‫ﻓﺎﻷﻤﺭ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬"‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬‫ﻴﻐﻴ‬‫ﻓﺒﻠﺴﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻩ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻓﺒﻘﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻁﻊ‬‫ﺃﻀﻌﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬")‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬169‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﻤﺭ‬ ،‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻑ‬:
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻐﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬‫ﺘﺸﺘﻴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻅﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﻋﺎﺓ‬)،‫ﺤﻨﻔﻲ‬2005،‫ﺹ‬63(.
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬،
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﺌﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬.
15
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ،
‫ُﻅﻬﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ،‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ُﺭﺴﺦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﺨﻨﻭﻉ‬،‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﻊ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻭ‬‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜل‬‫ﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺒﺌ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻠﻭﻍ‬ ‫ِﺯﺓ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻭ‬‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫ﺴﻬل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﹼﻭﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻜﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬.
3.2‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬:
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻀﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴﻕ‬، ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻤﺠﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺸﻜﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺼﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻴﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻰ‬.
Islamic moderate philospphy_and_abstraction
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Islamic moderate philospphy_and_abstraction

  • 1. ‫الوطنية‬ ‫النجاح‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫كلية‬ ‫عمادة‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫والتجريد‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ‫دراسية‬ ‫حالة‬)‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفية‬ ‫الوحدات‬( ‫إعداد‬ ‫العواوده‬ ‫عيسى‬ ‫محمود‬ ‫حسن‬ ‫إشراف‬ ‫د‬.‫العمد‬ ‫إيمان‬ ‫د‬.‫الرطروط‬ ‫ھيثم‬ ‫درج‬ ‫لمتطلبات‬ ‫إستكماال‬ ‫األطروحة‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫قدمت‬‫الماجستير‬ ‫ة‬‫المعمارية‬ ‫الھندسة‬ ‫في‬‫بكلية‬ ‫الوطنية‬ ‫النجاح‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫في‬ ‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬،‫نابلس‬-‫فلسطين‬. 2009
  • 2.
  • 3. ‫ت‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻲ‬‫ﺒﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺜﺭﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺸﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ …………….‫ﺃﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ …………….‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬل‬ ‫ﻅﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎل‬……………‫ﺃﺴﺎﺘﺫﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬.
  • 4. ‫ث‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘل‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬. ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺩﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬‫ﻟﺭﻁﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺘﺫﺘﻲ‬.
  • 5. ‫ج‬ ‫اإلقرار‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ،‫ﺃﺩﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎ‬: ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫والتجريد‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ‫دراسية‬ ‫حالة‬)‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفية‬ ‫الوحدات‬( ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭ‬‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ،‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻜﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬. Declaration The work provided in this thesis, unless otherwise refrenced, is the researcher’s own work, and has not been submitted elsewhere for any other degree or qualification. ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬:Student’s Name: ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬:Signature: ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬:Date:
  • 6. ‫ح‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬ ‫الرقم‬‫الموضوع‬‫الصفحة‬ ‫اإلھداء‬‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫الشكر‬‫التقدير‬‫د‬ ‫اإلقرار‬‫ه‬ ‫المحتويات‬ ‫فھرس‬‫و‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫فھرس‬‫ك‬ ‫الملخص‬‫ع‬ 1‫األول‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الدراسة‬ ‫مقدمة‬ 1.1‫التمھيد‬2 2.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫مشكلة‬5 3.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫مبررات‬5 4.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫أھمية‬5 5.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫أھداف‬6 6.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫فرضيات‬6 7.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫حدود‬6 8.1‫الدر‬‫السابقة‬ ‫اسات‬7 1.8.1‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫دراسة‬7
  • 7. ‫خ‬ 2.8.1‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفة‬ ‫إستخدام‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوسطية‬ ‫العملي‬ ‫التطبيق‬8 3.8.1‫الراشد‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫دراسة‬8 9.1‫المعلومات‬ ‫مصادر‬9 10.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫منھجية‬9 11.1‫والمحتويات‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫خطة‬10 2‫الثاني‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الوسطية‬ ‫مفھوم‬‫وتطورھا‬ ‫اإلسالم‬ ‫في‬ 1.2‫اإلسالم‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬12 2.2‫اإلسالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬13 3.2‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫والعمارة‬ ‫الوسطية‬15 1.3.2‫وسطية‬‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫والمضمون‬ ‫الشكل‬17 4.2‫والمادة‬ ‫الفكر‬ ‫بين‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الوسطية‬19 3‫الثالث‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الت‬ ‫في‬ ‫والتجريد‬ ‫الفن‬‫والغربية‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫جربة‬ 1.3‫الجميلة‬ ‫للفنون‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الرؤية‬24 2.3‫التجريدي‬ ‫الفني‬ ‫والتعبير‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخارف‬28 1.2.3‫الھندسية‬ ‫الزخرفية‬ ‫للوحدات‬ ‫الفلسفي‬ ‫المدلول‬30 2.2.3‫الزخرفية‬ ‫اللوحة‬ ‫عالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫التوحيد‬ ‫معنى‬32 3.2.3‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫الزخرفي‬ ‫والنسق‬ ‫التكرار‬33 4.2.3‫الھندسية‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫رمزية‬35 3.3‫الفن‬‫الغربي‬ ‫بالمنظور‬ ‫الجمال‬ ‫وعلم‬39
  • 8. ‫د‬ 4.3‫الغربي‬ ‫بالتصور‬ ‫الفن‬39 5.3‫الغربي‬ ‫بالتصور‬ ‫التجريدي‬ ‫التوجه‬41 1.5.3‫وكاندنسكي‬ ‫موندريان‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫التجريدي‬ ‫الفن‬42 1.1.5.3‫موندريان‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫التجريدي‬ ‫الفن‬43 1.1.1.5.3‫المعم‬ ‫التطبيقات‬‫موندريان‬ ‫اريةلفن‬)‫ستايل‬ ‫دي‬ ‫مجموعة‬(45 2.1.5.3‫كاندنسكي‬ ‫فاسيلي‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫التجريدي‬ ‫الفن‬48 4‫الرابع‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفة‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫مفھوم‬ 1.4‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫والمتغير‬ ‫الثابت‬ ‫بين‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الوسطية‬53 2.4‫الذاتي‬ ‫الفن‬ ‫بين‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الزخرفة‬ ‫فن‬‫وال‬‫الرياضي‬ ‫فن‬.56 5‫الخامس‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الدراسية‬ ‫الحاالت‬ 1.5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫معھد‬-‫باريس‬60 1.1.5‫المشروع‬ ‫إختيار‬ ‫أسباب‬60 2.1.5‫التصميمية‬ ‫والفكرة‬ ‫الموقع‬ ‫محددات‬61 3.1.5‫للمشروع‬ ‫الوظيفية‬ ‫المكونات‬62 4.1.5‫التصميم‬ ‫من‬ ‫كجزء‬ ‫المعاصرة‬ ‫التكنولوجية‬ ‫التقنية‬63 1.4.1.5‫الجنوبية‬ ‫الواجھة‬64 5.1.5‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫لعناصر‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫محاكاة‬65 6.1.5‫الوسطي‬ ‫بالفكر‬ ‫والعالقة‬ ‫للمعھد‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التكوين‬66 ‫الثانية‬ ‫الدراسية‬ ‫الحالة‬:‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫بمنظور‬ ‫الوسطية‬
  • 9. ‫ذ‬ 2.5‫العمارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫النظرية‬ ‫عن‬ ‫البحث‬69 1.2.5‫الف‬‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫لعبد‬ ‫الوسطي‬ ‫كر‬70 2.2.5‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫والمضمون‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫وسطية‬ ‫في‬ ‫البحث‬71 3.5‫إبراھيم‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫بتصور‬ ‫الوسطية‬-‫الزھراء‬ ‫مسجد‬74 1.3.5‫المشروع‬ ‫موقع‬75 2.3.5‫الزھراء‬ ‫لمسجد‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التصميم‬75 3.3.5‫للمشروع‬ ‫التصميمية‬ ‫الفكرة‬76 4.3.5‫للمشروع‬ ‫التشكيلية‬ ‫المعمارية‬ ‫العناصر‬77 5.3.5‫الزھراء‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫والفكر‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬78 6‫السادس‬ ‫الفصل‬:‫الوسطي‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التفكير‬ 1.6‫والروح‬ ‫المادة‬‫المعماري‬ ‫التفكير‬ ‫عالم‬80 2.6‫الوسطي‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التشكيل‬ ‫عناصر‬82 1.2.6‫واإلستمرارية‬ ‫الوحدة‬82 1.1.2.6‫والتوجه‬ ‫التوحيد‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ،‫للوحدة‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المفھوم‬82 2.2.6‫التكرار‬84 3.2.6‫الزخرفي‬ ‫النسق‬84 3.6‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫الزخرفي‬ ‫التشكيل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المستلھم‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التفكير‬86 4.6‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫تجربة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوسطية‬ ‫فلسفة‬92 1.4.6‫ا‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫تجربة‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعماري‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫خصائص‬‫إلسالمي‬92
  • 11. ‫ز‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫جدول‬ ‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬ 1:2‫الصخرة‬ ‫لقبة‬ ‫طولي‬ ‫مقطع‬18 2:2‫الصخرة‬ ‫لقبة‬ ‫االفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬18 3:2‫بروما‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المركز‬21 1:3‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫الفن‬ ‫في‬ ‫مشربية‬27 2:3‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫الفن‬ ‫في‬ ‫المقرنصات‬27 3:3‫العربي‬ ‫للخط‬ ‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬29 4:3‫العربي‬ ‫للخط‬ ‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬29 5:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬30 6:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬30 7:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬31 8:3‫إسالمية‬ ‫عملة‬ ‫أول‬32 9:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬34 10:3‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬35 11:3‫لموندريان‬ ‫شخصية‬ ‫صورة‬43 12:3‫لموندريان‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬)‫ومنحنية‬ ‫ھندسية‬ ‫خطوط‬(44 13:3‫لموندريان‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬)‫لونية‬ ‫مساحات‬(44
  • 12. ‫س‬ ‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬ 14:3‫شرويدر‬ ‫مسكن‬46 15:3‫شرويدر‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫األمامية‬ ‫الواجھة‬46 16:3‫شرويدر‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫داخلية‬ ‫صورة‬47 17:3‫لكاندنسكي‬ ‫شخصية‬ ‫صورة‬48 18:3‫لكاند‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬‫نسكي‬48 19:3‫لكاندنسكي‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬49 20:3‫لكاندنسكي‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬49 21:3‫لكاندنسكي‬ ‫فنية‬ ‫لوحة‬50 1:4‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬53 2:4‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬54 3:4‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬55 1:5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫لمعھد‬ ‫العام‬ ‫الموقع‬-‫باريس‬-60 2:5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫معھد‬-‫بباريس‬-61 3:5‫البصري‬ ‫المحور‬‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫معھد‬ ‫لمدخل‬61 4:5‫للمعھد‬ ‫الجنوبي‬ ‫الجزء‬62 5:5‫المعھد‬ ‫مدخل‬62 6:5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫بمعھد‬ ‫الرابع‬ ‫للدور‬ ‫االفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬63 7:5‫العربي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫بمعھد‬ ‫المتحف‬63
  • 13. ‫ش‬ ‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬ 8:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫للعرض‬ ‫الداخلية‬ ‫الصالة‬63 9:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫المكتبة‬ ‫مبنى‬63 10:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫الزجاجية‬ ‫لألغشية‬ ‫تفاصيل‬64 11:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫الزجاجية‬ ‫لألغشية‬ ‫تفاصيل‬64 12:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫الجنوبية‬ ‫الواجھة‬64 13:5‫المعھد‬ ‫بأجزاء‬ ‫الفناء‬ ‫عالقة‬65 14:5‫بالمعھد‬ ‫الزجاجية‬ ‫األلواح‬65 15:5‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬65 16:5‫الزھراء‬ ‫مسجد‬-‫بالقاھرة‬75 17:5‫الم‬ ‫المقاعد‬‫بالمسجد‬ ‫تحركة‬76 18:5‫بالمسجد‬ ‫المتحركة‬ ‫المقاعد‬76 19:5‫للمسجد‬ ‫دائرية‬ ‫النصف‬ ‫القبوات‬77 20:5‫الداخل‬ ‫من‬ ‫للمسجد‬ ‫دائرية‬ ‫النصف‬ ‫القبوات‬77 21:5‫الزھراء‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫مآذن‬77 1:6‫الكورنيش‬ ‫لمسجد‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬-‫جدة‬-83 2:6‫الكورنيش‬ ‫مسجد‬–‫بجدة‬-83 3:6‫للمعمار‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫جامعة‬‫الكفراوي‬ ‫كمال‬ ‫ي‬84
  • 14. ‫ص‬ ‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬ 4:6‫قطر‬ ‫بجامعة‬ ‫الھوائية‬ ‫المالقف‬84 5:6‫بالمغرب‬ ‫الثاني‬ ‫حسن‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫مدخل‬85 6:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬86 7:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬87 8:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬87 9:6‫ثمانية‬ ‫نجمة‬88 10:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫في‬ ‫المربع‬88 11:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫في‬ ‫المربع‬88 12:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستطيل‬88 13:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستطيل‬88 14:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫تشكيل‬89 15:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫تشكيل‬89 16:6‫حركي‬ ‫زخرفي‬ ‫تشكيل‬90 17:6‫زخرفي‬ ‫أفقي‬ ‫مسقط‬90 18:6‫مقترح‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫أرضي‬ ‫أفقي‬ ‫مسقط‬)‫أ‬(91 19:6‫مقترح‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫األول‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬)‫أ‬(91 20:6‫المسقط‬‫مقترح‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫األرضي‬ ‫األفقي‬)‫ب‬(91 21:6‫مقترح‬ ‫لمسكن‬ ‫األول‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬)‫ب‬(91
  • 15. ‫ض‬ ‫الرقم‬‫الشكل‬‫الصفحة‬ 22:6‫المقترح‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫للمركز‬ ‫األرضي‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬93 23:6‫المقترح‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫للمركز‬ ‫األول‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬93 24:6‫للباحث‬ ‫المقترح‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫مشروع‬93 25:6‫للباحث‬ ‫المقترح‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫مشروع‬94 26:6‫للمركز‬ ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الواجھات‬94 27:6‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫بالمركز‬ ‫المسجد‬94 28:6‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫بالمركز‬ ‫اإلذاعة‬ ‫برج‬95 29:6‫بدران‬ ‫راسم‬ ‫قطرللمعماري‬ ‫لمتحف‬ ‫األفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬95 30:6‫بدران‬ ‫راسم‬ ‫للمعماري‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫متحف‬96
  • 16. ‫ط‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬( ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﻫﻴﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺤﺙ‬‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺵ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬. ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻻﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬. ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬‫ﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬. ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬. ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻥ‬
  • 17. ‫ظ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺨﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎﻤﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬. ‫ﻭﻗ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺕ‬.....،‫ﺍﻟﺦ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺯﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬‫ﺒﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻅﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬. ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﺼﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻌﻤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬.
  • 18. ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ 1.1‫التمھيد‬ 2.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫مشكلة‬ 3.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫مبررات‬ 4.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫أھمية‬ 5.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫أھداف‬ 6.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫فرضيات‬ 7.1‫حدو‬‫الدراسة‬ ‫د‬ 8.1‫السابقة‬ ‫الدراسات‬ 9.1‫المعلومات‬ ‫مصادر‬ 10.1‫الدراسة‬ ‫منھجية‬ 11.1‫والمحتويات‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫خطة‬
  • 19. 2 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬: 1.1‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬:‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺸﻜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬‫ﻔﺔ‬‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺼل‬‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻔﺼﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻗﻌﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬. ‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬"‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺭﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻴﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬"‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ،ﺁﻴ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﺔ‬143(‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬. ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺫﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻘﻴﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻀﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬،‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻀﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﺴﺭﻫﺎ‬ "‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬‫ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬‫ﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻅﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ‫،ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬......‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻉ‬")‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ،ﺹ‬156(‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺜﻭﺍﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‬.
  • 20. 3 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺵ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬. 1.1.1‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬:‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬. ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺎﺴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻁﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬‫ﻴﺱ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ‬‫ﻟﺘ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻﻻﺕ‬‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻟﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺩ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﻠﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬‫ﺘﻴ‬‫ﺃﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻓﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﺒﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻠﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺠﻴﺢ‬‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﻊ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬،‫ﺩ‬‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫،ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺇﻨﺸﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬. ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬. ‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬‫ﻓﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺴﺘﺎﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇ‬‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﻌﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺴﻠﻡ‬
  • 21. 4 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬‫ﻤﺘﻔﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻟﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺭﺍﺌﻲ‬. ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬‫ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻬﻠﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻟﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ‬. 2.1.1‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺠﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺘﺨﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻲ‬‫ﺜﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻡ‬‫ﺇ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺠﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺭﻭﺤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺘﺯﺝ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬. 3.1.1‫ﺍﻹﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻼﻋﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻟﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺩﻻ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
  • 22. 5 ‫ﺍﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬. 2.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬: ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬. 3.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺭﺭﺍﺕ‬: ‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬. ‫ﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬‫ﹴ‬‫ﺢ‬‫ﺼﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﻜﺄﺴﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬. ‫ﻭﻴﺒﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،. 4.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺍﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬. ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻁ‬.
  • 23. 6 ‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬. 5.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬‫ﺍﺴﺔ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻴﻕ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬. ‫ﺇﻅ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻬﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬. 6.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬. ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎ‬‫ﺒﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬. 7.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬:‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫﺕ‬‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻯ‬‫ﺃﻓﺭﺯﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎ‬‫ﺘﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ،‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤل‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬
  • 24. 7 ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬‫ﻋﻜﺴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺘﺭﺍﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﺴﻼ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‬. ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬(‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬)‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ‬( ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬)‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬( ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ 8.1‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬:‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬: 1.8.1‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬: ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻠﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭﻀﺢ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴ‬‫ﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬. ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺘﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﻋﻔﻭﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬
  • 25. 8 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼﺎﺩﻗ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬. ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬‫ﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﻻﺴﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺇﻀﻁﺭﺍﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﺨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬. 2.8.1‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ‬. ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗ‬ ،‫ﺒﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ،‫ﺒﺩﺨﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻀﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ،‫ﺒﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬. ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ‬. 3.8.1‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬: ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬‫ﻟﻺ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ﺍﺸﺩ‬‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺎﻕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺈ‬‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺘﺩل‬‫ﻭﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬‫ﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬،‫ﻟﻠﺸﺭﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﻭﻴ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻤﺔ‬، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺫ‬‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﺒﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬‫ﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﻨﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻁ‬.
  • 26. 9 ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺈﻥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻴﺎﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤﺎ‬‫ﻬﺎ‬. 9.1‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬: ‫ﺇﺭﺘﻜﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬: 1.‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬. 2.‫ﺍﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬. 3.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬. 4.‫ﻤﺼﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬. 5.‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬. 10.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬،‫ﺴﺘﺩﻻﻟﻲ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻟ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻭﺠﻭﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻼﻤﻲ‬. ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻁﺭﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬. ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺴﺘﺸ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤل‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜ‬،‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸ‬‫ﻹﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ،‫ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻴل‬‫ﺇﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬.
  • 27. 10 11.1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬: ‫ﺇﺘﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ‬ ،‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬‫ﻫ‬،‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﺘ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺘﺤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻁﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻜل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬. ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬. ‫ﻗﺩﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺈﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺈﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺩﻨﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻨﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬. ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬. ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﺘﺠﺭﺒﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬:‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ‬. ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻕ‬. ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬.
  • 28. 11 ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ 2.‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ 1.2‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﻗﺒل‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ 2.2‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ 3.2‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ 1 .3.2‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ 4.2‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
  • 29. 12 ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ 2.‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬: ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬:‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻡ‬‫ﻨﻘﻴﺎﺩ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﻷ‬‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺈﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻴﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻤﺔ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬"‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻨﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻜﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬")‫ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬143( ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬"‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬"، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫َﻁ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬)‫ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ‬(‫ﺍﻻ‬، ‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ْﻁ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺴﻜﻴﻥ‬(‫ُﻁ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻀﻡ‬(‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬"‫ﻭﺃﻋﺩﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺴﻁ‬")‫ﺍﻟﺩﺠﺎﻨ‬،‫ﻲ‬2008‫،ﺹ‬9( ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻀﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻀﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﺴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬"‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬‫ﺇﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻅﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺯﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ،....‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺎﺕ‬")‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ‬)‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬(‫ﺹ‬ ،156( 2.1‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬: ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﺸﻜ‬‫ﺒﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﻼﻗﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻁﻐﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬‫ﺃﻓﻼﻁﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻴﺭﻯ‬"‫ﺍﻷﺨﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬")،‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬100(‫ﻭﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻼﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺭ‬‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺇﻏﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﻟﻬﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺨﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻔﺎ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻜﺘﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬"‫ﺍﻷﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬" )،‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬101(‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ،"‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺫﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﻓ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬")،‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬102(،‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬"‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬
  • 30. 13 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬،‫ﺤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬‫ﻭﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺔ‬"‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬، ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻠﻙ‬ ،")،‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬102(‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻜﺈﻨﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ّ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻓﺎﻀل‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬،‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬‫ﺤﺩﺩﻫ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺭ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺃﺭﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻕ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻁﻭ‬‫ﻫﻭ‬"‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺵ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬")،‫ﻏﺎﺭﺩﺭ‬1996‫،ﺹ‬126.( 2.2‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬: ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺭﻓﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻀﺔ‬‫ﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻅﻠﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬"‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺤﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻴﺎﺯ‬ ")،‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬1991‫ﺹ‬ ، ‫ﻡ‬77(.‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬‫ﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻐﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬،"‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﻤﺘﺴ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬‫ﺴﻤﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬‫ﺘﻨﺎﺴﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜل‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل‬")،‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬1991‫ﻡ،ﺹ‬(،‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻭﺭ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،،‫ﺘﺠ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬،‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬"‫ﻗﻭﺍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺘﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺭﻓﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻔﻘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬" )‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺎﻥ،ﺁﻴﺔ‬76(. ‫ﻭﻟ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﺕ‬ ‫ﻘﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﺠﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩ‬. ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﻭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻨﺎ‬،‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬"‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺅﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬")‫ﺍﻟ‬،‫ﺭﺍﺸﺩ‬‫ﺹ‬155(.
  • 31. 14 ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬،"‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻻﺘﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺩل‬‫ﺍﻻﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬")، ‫ﺤﻨﻔﻲ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬60(،‫ﻓ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻬﻲ‬‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻴﺘﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻓﻴﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬"‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻘل‬‫ﻴﺒﺭﺭ‬‫ُﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬ ،‫ﻴﻨﺤﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬‫ُﺩﺭﻙ‬‫ﻴ‬ ، ‫ﻴﻨﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬")،‫ﺤﻨﻔﻲ‬2005‫،ﺹ‬61(. ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻘﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻑ‬،‫ﻟﺫ‬‫ﺇﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬‫ﺒﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺭﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬. ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺭﺭ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬"‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻬﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺘﻡ‬")‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ،ﺁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺁل‬110(‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎل‬"‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬‫ﺸﻬﻴﺩﺍ‬")،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬143(،‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻷﻤﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬‫ﺭﻭﻑ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬‫ﻓﻬ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺼﻔﺘ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺤﺩﺓ‬،‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻟﻼﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬‫ﻓﺎﻷﻤﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬"‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬‫ﻴﻐﻴ‬‫ﻓﺒﻠﺴﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻩ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻓﺒﻘﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻁﻊ‬‫ﺃﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬")‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ‬169‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﻤﺭ‬ ،‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻑ‬: ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻐﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬‫ﺘﺸﺘﻴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻅﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﻋﺎﺓ‬)،‫ﺤﻨﻔﻲ‬2005،‫ﺹ‬63(. ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬، ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﺌﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬.
  • 32. 15 ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ، ‫ُﻅﻬﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬ ،‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ُﺭﺴﺦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﺨﻨﻭﻉ‬،‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﻊ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻭ‬‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜل‬‫ﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺒﺌ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻠﻭﻍ‬ ‫ِﺯﺓ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻭ‬‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫ﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﹼﻭﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻜﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﺘﻪ‬. ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬. 3.2‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬: ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻀﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴﻕ‬، ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻤﺠﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺼﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻴﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻰ‬.