Bangladesh is at risk to a variety of disasters such as cyclones, earthquakes, drought, storm surge and flooding. In addition, they experience other hazards such as fires, infrastructure collapses. The country is also vulnerable to climate change due to its location in South Asia. Hazard is defined as “A process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Exposure is defined as “The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas”. Vulnerability “Is the extent to which a community’s structure, services or environment is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a hazard”. The major disasters that could happen in the study areas are Earthquake, Landslides/ Mudflow and Flash floods. To fulfill this target Bangladesh has to manage its disasters efficiently.

1. Course Name - Disaster Management Sessional
Course ID - EST - 4110
Welcome to the
Presentation on
Probable Disasters & Their Management of
Risang Waterfall, Alutila Cave & Horticulture
Park in Khagrachhari, Bangladesh

2. 2
Presented By,
Group No. – 1
Group Members ID –
140201, 140202, 140203,
140204, 140205 & 140208
Presented To,
Dr. Shaibur Rahman Molla
Associate professor
Tusar Kumar Das
Lecturer
Department of Environmental Science and Technology
Jessore University of Science and Technology

3. OUTLINE
Topic Page No.
Introduction 4
Materials & Methods 8
Results & Discussion 11
Conclusion 21
References 22
3

4. 1. INTRODUCTION
Bangladesh is a disaster prone country of an area of
about 1,47,570 sq km with population nearly 140
million. Natural disasters of geological origin take
place almost every year in hilly regions of
Bangladesh.
Khagrachhari is one of the three hilly districts of
Bangladesh and is an attractive tourist destination.
Due to its geographical position and local geology
Khagrachhari is prone to various disasters.
4

5. 1. INTRODUCTION (cont’d)
• Disaster “Is a natural or human-
caused event which causes
intensive negative impacts on
people, goods, services and/or the
environment, exceeding the
affected community’s capability
to respond.”
• In the technical sense, a probable
disaster can be explained in terms
of the combination of three terms:
hazard, exposure and
vulnerability.
5
Disaster
Hazard
Vulnera
bility
Exposure
Figure-1: Relaionship
among hazard, exposure,
vulnerability and disaster

6. • Hazard is defined as, “A process, phenomenon or human
activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption
or environmental degradation.”
• Exposure is defined as, “The situation of people,
infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other
tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas.”
• Vulnerability “Is the extent to which a community’s
structure, services or environment is likely to be damaged
or disrupted by the impact of a hazard.”
6
1. INTRODUCTION (cont’d)

7. 1.1. Objectives
Objectives of this study are-
1.To identify possible disasters
2.To understand probable causes and effects of
disasters
3.To propose management plans
7
1. INTRODUCTION (cont’d)

8. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bangladesh Chittagong Division Khagrachhari District
8
Khagrachhari Sadar Upazila Matiranga Upazila
Source – http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khagrachhhari_Sadar_Upazila and
http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Matiranga_Upazila (available on 02/03/2018)
Figure-2: Map of Study Areas
2.1. Study Areas

9. 9
Figure-3: Location of Study Areas (Available on Google Map 03/03/2018)
1. Risang Waterfall, Matiranga Upazila (Latitude 23°03’57.70”N &
Longitude 91°56’36.99”E )
2. Alutila Cave, Khagrachhari Sadar Upazila (Latitude 23°05’20.68”N &
Longitude 91°57’213.75”E )
3. Horticulture Heritage Park, Khagrachhari Sadar Upazila (Latitude
23°05’55.32”N & Longitude 91°58’21.18”E )
2.1. Study Area (Cont’d)
1
2
3

10. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS (cont’d)
Primary Source:
• Visual inspection: On site states of the spots were observed and assumptions
were made.
• Focus group discussion: Inhabitants around the spots, caretakers or other
responsibles.
Secondary Source:
• Books: Information from different books are used in this study.
• Govt. publications: Various govt. publications are used such as annual reports
etc.
• Earlier research articles: Earlier research articles regarding the study topic are
taken into account while making this report.
• Web based resources: Information from different websites are used to prepare
the report.
10
2.2. Data Collection

11. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
11
1. Earthquake 2. Landslide 3. Flash Flood
All four places that we have visited are hilly area (Risang
waterfall & Alutila cave) or made cutting hills (Buddhist
temple & Horticulture park). That’s why these spots are
vulnerable to disasters of geological origin. The major
disasters that could happen in the study areas are -
3.1. Possible Disasters

12. Due to geological structure,
Khagrachhari is vulnerable to
naturally occurring earthquake.
Tectonic earthquakes occur
anywhere in the Earth where
there is sufficient stored elastic
strain energy to drive fracture
propagation along a fault plane.
(Gabhok, 2004)
12
Earthquake
Figure-4: Earthquake zones of Bangladesh
Source – The Bangladesh Network
(Available on 02/03/2018)
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont’d)

13. Earthquake (cont’d)
Effects of Earthquake
I. Shaking and ground
rupture
II. Landslides
III. Soil liquefaction
IV. Floods
V. Loss of life
Causes of Earthquake
I. Faulting
II. Sudden lateral or
vertical movement of
rock along a rupture
(break) surface.
13
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont’d)

14. Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
I. Identify potential hazards in home and begin to fix
them.
II. Creating a disaster-preparedness plan.
III. Creating disaster kits.
IV. Identifying building's potential weaknesses and
begin to fix them.
V. Protecting oneself during earthquake shaking.
VI. After the quake, check for injuries and damage.
VII. Starting rescue and relief operation as soon as
possible.
14
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont’d)
Earthquake (cont’d)

15. A landslide, also known as a landslip or mudslide, is a form
of mass wasting that includes a wide range of ground
movements, such as rockfalls, deep failure of slopes, and
shallow debris flows.
They can flow rapidly, striking
with little or no warning at
avalanche speeds. They also
can travel several miles from
their source, growing in size as
they pick up trees, boulders,
cars and other materials.
15
Landslides
Figure-5: Landslide
Source: http://www.daily-
sun.com/post/242405/Numerous-
govt-private-structures-on-hills-in-
Chittagong
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont’d)

16. Landslides (cont’d)
Impacts of
Landslide
I. Power cut and
telecommunication
disruption
II. Road blockage and
transportation problem
III. Loss of life
IV. Impact of landslide on
natural Scenic beauty
16
Causes of landslides
Human modifications of
slopes such as cuts, pits,
and canals
 Shocks and vibrations
 Change in water content
 Ground water movement
 Earthquake
 Removal or changing the
type of vegetation covering
slopes.
 Deforestation
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont’d)

17. Landslide Disaster Mitigation
I. Provision for surface and subsurface drainage
II. Removal of unstable slope materials,
III. Construction of retaining walls
IV. Stop hill cutting and other activities
V. Protect the vulnerable zone
VI. Re-shaping hill
VII. Reforestation
VIII. Shift the vulnerable people
IX. Awareness program
17
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont’d)
Landslides (cont’d)

18. • A flood caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short
period of time, generally less than 6 hours
• Flash floods are distinguished
from regular floods by a
timescale of less than six hours.
• May be seen anywhere downstream from the source of
the precipitation, even many miles from the source.
18
Flash Flood
Figure-6: Flash flood
https://www.google.com/search?q=flash+flood
Available at 03/03/2018
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont’d)

19. Flash Flood (cont’d)
Causes of Flash Flood
I. Rapid heavy rainfall on
saturated or dry soil of poor
absorption ability.
II. Urban area with less than
enough sewer system
III. Overflow of river
Effects of Flash Flood
I. Damage agricultural
production, widespread
damage to crops and
fencing and loss of
livestock.
II. Waterlogging
III. transportation problem
due to flooded roads and
damaged infrastructure.
IV. Short-term downturns in
regional tourism.
V. Soil erosion which may
cause landslide after
flooding.
19
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont’d)

20. As we seen in our study there is probability of
occurring some disasters in our study areas. There are
many causes behind them such as hill cutting,
deforestation, local geology etc.
Slash and burn cultivation(Jhoom) and improper use
of hill slopes by immigrants has greatly increased
erosion and flooding of vallyes, with consequent loss
of productivity (Rashid, 1991).
Some mitigation measures are proposed to manage
these disasters. Coordinated actions are needed to
implement them.
20
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (cont’d)

21. 4. CONCLUSION
Bangladesh is one of the disaster prone countries of
the world with extremely limited resources. Its real
development isn’t possible without the integration of
disaster mitigation programs. The Government of
Bangladesh has been making continuous efforts to
make Bangladesh a part of safe world in the 21st
century and seek help of development partners.
21

22. 5. REFERENCES
22
• Earthquake. (2018, March 11). Retrieved from Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake
• Flash flood. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_flood
• Landslide. (2018, March 11). Retrieved from Banglapedia:
http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Landslide
• Rashid, H. E. (1991). Geography of Bangladesh. Dhaka: University Press
Limited.
• Gabhok, T. K. 2004, Disaster Management, The Commonwealth of Learning,
Bangladesh Open University.

23. 23
PHOTO GALLERY
Photo Credit: Naznin
Sultana & Md. Shahnul
Islam, Captured at
15/02/2018

24. 24
Group 1 members with honorable teachers
Photo Credit: KM Shamim Reza, Captured at 15/02/2018

25. 25
Thank You
for Your
Kind
Attention

26. Any Question