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Radiation 2011
1.
身在輻中要知輻 二林高中 IYC 2011系列活動 二林高中圖書館
主辦 高中部化學科 協辦 林克修 主講
2.
輻射 Radiation Radium
3.
1903年物理獎 1911年化學獎
4.
談輻色變 看不到 摸不到 聞不到 沒有感覺
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
輻射外漏? 輻射是一種能量 輻射物質外漏,會造成人體健康的危害
10.
輻射的種類 游離輻射: 電磁輻射:加馬(γ)射線、X射線 粒子輻射:阿伐(α)粒子、貝他(β)粒子、 中子(n)、 質子(P) 非游離輻射:
11.
電磁波譜
12.
非游離輻射
13.
游離輻射
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
游離輻射的來源 天然輻射: 宇宙射線、地表輻射、氡、人體輻 射、食物 人造輻射: 醫療暴露、農工應用、生活消費品、 其他(核爆落塵……等等)
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
241Am(鋂)
27.
輻射的活度單位 活度單位:描述放射性核種的衰變次數。 貝克(Bq) 與 居里(Ci) 福島第1核電廠2號機取水口附近往大海流出的輻射量 為總流出量估計520噸,輻射量約4700兆貝克,相當 於平時1年間流出限量的2萬倍
28.
輻射的劑量單位 劑量單位:描述輻射對人體的影響程度。 實例:西弗(Sv) 與 侖目(rem) 西弗:人體每公斤接受⼀一焦耳加馬
(γ) 射線的能量 1 Sv = 1 J / Kg = 103 mSv = 106 μSv
29.
實例說明 每天看電視1小時,一年約吸收0.02毫西弗 小於0.01 毫西弗/年,則可視為忽略 胎兒受孕至出生,不得超過5.00毫西弗 距離核電廠21公里處,測得330微西弗/小時 原能會草案:2μSv/hr則停課;20μSv/hr則停班
30.
輻射強度 與輻射源距離平方成反比 暴露時間愈長,愈危險
31.
32.
安全標準 年有效等效劑量不超過五毫西弗。 個別器官或組織之年等效劑量不超過 五十毫西弗。 場所主管應確保其輻射作業,對⼀一般人 造成之年有效等效劑量,不超過⼀一毫西 弗。
33.
34.
案例說明A 某位患者在今年內進行的醫療檢查: 為了植牙,已做了10次的全口X光攝 影;檢查肺炎,做了4次胸部X光攝影。 10 x 0.01
+ 4 x 0.02 + 1.60 = 1.78 (mSv) 1.78 mSv < 5.00 mSv
35.
案例說明B 某位貴婦在今年進行的檢查: 腰脊X光攝影1次;頭部電腦斷層掃瞄 2次。 1 x 1.50
+ 2 x 2.00 + 1.60 = 7.10 (mSv) 7.10 mSv > 5.00 mSv
36.
人造輻射的成長 天然 50% 人造 50% 2006年 天然 86% 人造 14% 1987年
37.
38.
39.
40.
E = MC2
41.
福島核災變 複合式災變、備用電力系統癱瘓 3/15 3號機附近,一度測出40萬微西弗/小時 微量Pu外洩
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
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半衰期(Half Life)
48.
放射性物質的半衰期 131 I超標;半衰期8天 137 Cs超標;半衰期30年 14 C 半衰期5730年 238 U 半衰期45億年
49.
自我防護 TSD法則:Time、Shield、Distance 避免讓放射性物質核種進入身體 外部防護:口罩、沖洗 內部防護:碘片,即KI。
50.
IYC 2011 Chemistry--- Our
Life, Our Future......
51.
http://kahshiou.blogspot.com 謝謝您的聆聽 ありがと Thank U Merci Beaucoup