2. Archimedes Principle
Any object in fluid is buoyed up by force equal to
weight of fluid displaced by object.
MuscleAdipose
Submarines
Tread water
3. Boyles Law
Law given temperature and volume of gases vary with
absolute pressure.
21% O2
79% N
Diffusion Hypoxia
Hyperbaric, Hypobaric, Isobaric
4. Pascal’s Law
Pressure transmitted equally throughout the solution.
Deep tissue compartments and internal bubbles
experience pressure changes outside body.
Decompression
Add O2 after N administration
Venous gases associated with N
5. References
Biomed Search. (n.d.). Scubadoc's diving medicine .
Retrieved from http:/www.scubadoc.com/physics
Medbox (2010) Local Anesthetics Used for Spinal Anesthesia. www.medbox.org/local-
anesthetics-used-for-spinal-anesthesia-handout/download.pdf
Miller, R. (2000) Basics of anesthesia. Fifth ed.
Niemi, G., Breivik, H. (2002). Epinephrine markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia produced by small-dose
infusion of ropivacaine, fentanyl, and epinephrine after major thoracic or abdominal surgery: a
randomized, double-blind crossover study with and without epinephrine. Anesthesia and Analgesia, .
Priddle, H.D., Andros, G.J. (1950). Primary spinal anesthetic effects of epinephrine. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 29, 156-162.
Reese, C.A. (2007). Clinical Techniques of Regional Anesthesia. Park Ridge, Il: AANA Publising.
Warren, D.T. & Liu, S.S. (2008). Neuraxial Anesthesia. In D.E. Longnecker et al (eds) Anesthesiology. New York: McGraw-Hill M