1. Among the various tasks required in this class the two most beneficial activities were the annotated bibliography, and the outline paragraph. During the annotated bibliography, I was forced to read, comprehend, and summarize the articles chosen. I do not ever recall reading this much! Usually, I scheme through an article and get what I need. However, I quickly realized it was not the appropriate approach for this class. Otherwise, I would be jeopardizing my grade. After the annotated bibliography, I loved the transitioning portion from the outlined paragraph. Given my bad habit of scheming through an article, I usually forget what I read in the first paragraph. However, during the transitioning development process, I found it to be a crucial step that is purposeful to fluidity and recap. Naturally, the components of each tasks strengthen the process to create an argumentative research paper. Moreover, the research process required a set of principles to attain organization. Overall, it was an insightful experience. 2. I still need to organize and implement better transitions to my research project. I have had great feedback form my professor. We worked on my thesis statement which allowed me to develop and move forward through the remainder of this course assignments. I also obtained a feedback from one of my peers regarding an article that I had to summarize. However, I did not respond to her inquiries because I felt that I was on track with the tasks at hand. 3. With the remainder of my classes at Keiser, the trend thus far, has been argumentative writing of some sort. Therefore, this research writing will allow me to follow a better transitioning process when moving from one topic to another. 4. In my field of accounting, harmonization of GAAP and IFRS will always be a topic of mine to continue to take part in. Primarily, because I want to be an auditor, successful harmonization of the IFRS and the GAAP standards can be beneficial in the sense that it will help in the creation of level playing fields for all public companies globally and at the same time improve reliability and the quality of financial reporting. Running head: APPLIED RESEARCH REPORT 1 APPLIED RESEARCH REPORT 1 Applied Research Report: Sudden Death in Sports Chet L. Walker Liberty University SMGT 520 – Understanding Research in Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Dr. Jeffrey Briggs 27 June 2021 Abstract The increased cases of the unexpected and sudden death of young and adult athletes in different sport-related activities are emotionally affecting incidents for society, family, and medical experts. Despite the sport participation practice being associated with improving life quality, physical fitness, and general health, increased volume and intensity of physical activity can contribute to cardiac arrest and unexpected death. In most cases, sudden death is primarily linked with cardiac conditions, particularly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, along with risk aspect ...

1. 1. Among the various tasks required in this class the two most
beneficial activities were the annotated bibliography, and the
outline paragraph. During the annotated bibliography, I was
forced to read, comprehend, and summarize the articles chosen.
I do not ever recall reading this much! Usually, I scheme
through an article and get what I need. However, I quickly
realized it was not the appropriate approach for this class.
Otherwise, I would be jeopardizing my grade. After the
annotated bibliography, I loved the transitioning portion from
the outlined paragraph. Given my bad habit of scheming through
an article, I usually forget what I read in the first paragraph.
However, during the transitioning development process, I found
it to be a crucial step that is purposeful to fluidity and recap.
Naturally, the components of each tasks strengthen the process
to create an argumentative research paper. Moreover, the
research process required a set of principles to attain
organization. Overall, it was an insightful experience.
2. I still need to organize and implement better transitions to my
research project. I have had great feedback form my professor.
We worked on my thesis statement which allowed me to develop
and move forward through the remainder of this course
assignments. I also obtained a feedback from one of my peers
regarding an article that I had to summarize. However, I did not
respond to her inquiries because I felt that I was on track with
the tasks at hand.
3. With the remainder of my classes at Keiser, the trend thus
far, has been argumentative writing of some sort. Therefore,
this research writing will allow me to follow a better
transitioning process when moving from one topic to another.
4. In my field of accounting, harmonization of GAAP and IFRS
will always be a topic of mine to continue to take part in.
Primarily, because I want to be an auditor, successful
harmonization of the IFRS and the GAAP standards can be
beneficial in the sense that it will help in the creation of level

2. playing fields for all public companies globally and at the same
time improve reliability and the quality of financial reporting.
Running head: APPLIED RESEARCH REPORT 1
APPLIED RESEARCH REPORT 1
Applied Research Report: Sudden Death in Sports
Chet L. Walker
Liberty University
SMGT 520 – Understanding Research in Sport, Recreation, and
Tourism
Dr. Jeffrey Briggs
27 June 2021
Abstract
The increased cases of the unexpected and sudden death of
young and adult athletes in different sport-related activities are
emotionally affecting incidents for society, family, and medical
experts. Despite the sport participation practice being
associated with improving life quality, physical fitness, and
general health, increased volume and intensity of physical
activity can contribute to cardiac arrest and unexpected death.
In most cases, sudden death is primarily linked with cardiac
conditions, particularly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, along
with risk aspects, such as genetics, family, health style, and
environment. This applied research report presents that cardiac
arrest is a common factor that leads to unexpected demise in
sports-related activities. Applying practitioner and workplace
research, knowledge transfer, and sports research skills can help

3. prevent these cases.
Keywords: sport, physical activity, cardiac arrest, sudden death
Applied Research Report: Sudden Death in Sports
Introduction
In the past and recent years, the increased benefits of
participating in sports have been vastly accepted by many health
experts and professionals, including scientists and academics.
However, despite the numerous benefits, participation in sports
has not been without notable perils, making it necessary to
understand these risks and establish safety platforms. One of
the most significant problems and risks that athlete in various
sports encounter involve sudden death linked to complications
such as cardiac arrest. Many rehabilitation and emergency
measures consider cardiac arrest one of the most devastating
causes of a sudden demise in sporting activities. Sudden demise
in sporting activities brings about different outcomes and
consequences, including high mortality, morbidity, negative
social, economic, and political effects. Nonetheless, the
frequency of this problem differs and depends significantly on a
population-based on age, training level, sex, and situation.
High demanding sports discipline activities involving a high
volume of training intensity and competition contribute to
increased sudden death frequency. As an illustration, sporting
activities, such as rugby, American Football, marathons, and
soccer, present high cases of sudden death. It is vital to
understand that sports that involve a substantial physical effort
may carry an adverse outcome on an individual's health status.
According to Lippi et al. (2018), the high peril of sudden death
due to high-intensity exercises makes it hard for professionals
to recommend such exercises as options for better health. For
this reason, sporting experts, including coaches, consi der
significant aspects before engaging with individuals in sports.
Assessing sudden death in sports is important because it
provides essential information concerning the causes of sudden

4. death and what it takes to prevent this issue. In this sense, this
applied research report focuses on sudden death in sports, with
a specific connection with practitioner research, workplace
research, knowledge transfer, integration of research skills in
problem-solving, and application and future integration.
Discussion of Keywords
In this applied research report concerning sudden death in
sports, defining keywords is important since it provides general
information on what to expect in other parts of the report. To
begin with, one significant keyword used in this report involves
sudden death. In this context, sudden death refers to the death
or demise of an individual that occurs unexpectedly. Secondly,
another keyword used in this applied research report involves
cardiac arrest, considered a core cause of sudden death in sport-
related activities. Cardiac arrest involves unexpected blood
flow loss that contributes to heart failure in pumping
effectively. Thirdly, physical activity is a key term in this
report and entails complete body movement presented by
skeletal muscles that need continued energy supply. Lastly,
sport is also a keyword in the report. It refers to any physical
effort and skills where individuals in teams compete for
championships or entertainment. Thus, these keywords are
significant in comprehending the sudden death issue in sport-
related activities.
Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Death in Sports
Researchers associate cardiac arrest with sudden death in sport
with high-intensity competition and training. Wasfy et al.
(2016) state that sudden death incidences brought about by
cardiac arrest and heart failure are unknown but common.
Many athletes who have experienced sudden death in sports
have been considered cardiac arrest victims and the heart's
pumping activity limitations. As an illustration, during the
2021 UEFA EURO games in Europe, Christian Eriksen, who
plays for the Denmark national side, experienced a cardiac
arrest that caused panic worldwide among fans, coaches, and
medical teams (Sky Sports, 2021). The fast reaction of the

5. officials and medical personnel, including his teammates,
helped the player and ensured his safety. From this situation, it
is significant to understand what cardiac arrest can do to
players, what can be done to prevent such complications, and
how to react.
Increased cases of cardiac arrest have contributed to notable
changes in major leagues in sports across the United States and
most European countries, particularly England. The UEFA
EURO incident prompted many sports organizers worldwide to
present measures that help curb cardiac arrest outcomes. For
example, ESPN (2021) presents that the Premier League
organizers in England opted to fund the use and availability of
defibrillators to smaller leagues in England after Eriksen's in-
match collapse. Additionally, Santos-Lozano et al. (2017)
explain that cardiac arrest presents the major cause of the
sudden demise of professional soccer athletes. For this reason,
addressing the issue is a core priority among event organizers
and medical teams in the different sports leagues worldwide.
One significant platform that explores cardiac arrest and its
connection to sports entail the media. The media largely
focuses on this issue because it highlights the adverse outcomes
of sports and exercise activity in health. Surprisingl y, many
professionals in the medical and health field indicate limited
knowledge concerning sports and physical activity science,
including its benefits and drawbacks. On the contrary, athletic
coaches are usually associated with reduced information on
first-aid standards created by responsible sport activity
planners. Thus, addressing cardiac arrest and its related
negative outcome among professional sports players is required
to reduce the increasing cases.
Practitioner Research and Sudden Death in Sports
Many practitioners in different organizations that focus on
investigating sudden death cause usually consider various
aspects, including the prevalence of these sudden death
occurrences in several sport-related activities. For example,
according to Angelini et al. (2019), many sports participants

6. with high-risk cardiovascular complications experience
increased sudden death based on heart-pumping failure. Based
on the study conducted by these academics, about 1.47% of
sports participants in schools require secondary analysis
regarding cardiovascular conditions. In other words, the
population at risk in younger populations is low than that of
adults. Moreover, practitioner research must focus on other
causes of sudden death among adult and younger adults active
in sports.
While many researchers, including Corrado and Zorzi (2017),
consider cardiac arrest the major factor associated with sudden
death in physical activity, other scholars indicate more causes
of sudden demise. For example, Rodriguez et al. (2012) state
that many adult athletes that have been victims of sudden death
while in the field have experienced it because of tuberculous
coronary arteritis. Another notable cause of sudden death
besides cardiac arrest involves cerebrovascular accidents ,
common among players that engage in high engagement sports,
such as NFL and rugby. Furthermore, according to Bille et al.
(2006), unexpected demise in physical and other sporting
activities can be managed when the causes of demise are
understood and well addressed. In other words, without
understanding sudden death factors, such as cerebrovascular
accidents, tuberculosis, coronary arteritis, and cardiac arrest, it
will be impossible to prevent sudden death, making it an
important area for practitioner research.
Since cardiac abnormalities are the core causes of a sudden
demise, in this case, every part must be involved in medical
information that could help save a life. An excellent example
of information importance that can be a significant response to
cardiac arrest cases in sports involves the vitality of first aid
and first response. According to Sky Sports (2021), the
immediate reaction of the match between Denmark and Finland
that saw the cardiac arrest incidence of Christian Eriksen
contributed to first-aid benefits. The fast and immediate use of
a defibrillator helped resuscitate the player, contributing to his

7. safety chances. For this reason, practitioner research must be
directed towards discussing the essentials that will ensure the
safety of players experiencing cardiac arrest within the first few
minutes. Additionally, practitioner research should also involve
presenting rules and regulations that rally for information
regarding medical standards, including first-aid levels.
Workplace Research
Research in sporting organizations is one of the most important
procedures that help maintain safe and better working
environments for coaches, medical teams, and athletes.
According to Dennis et al. (2018), research in sports
organizations that run different teams is important in the sudden
death issue because they are likely to be affected by this
problem. For example, researching players and their medical
conditions is among the first practices and procedures to help
prevent any sudden death cases. Furthermore, if team owners
responsible for paying players their salaries understand the
negative consequences and risks associated with increased
sporting intensity, they will find it easier to establish necessary
preventions and measures. For this reason, workplace research
must focus on the conditions of the players before engaging
them in intense physical training and competition games. In
addition, health status information can also check for notable
conditions that may invite sudden heart pumping failure during
sport-related activities.
Secondly, workplace research needs to focus on coaches and
their medical understanding. Even though teams have medical
personnel during competitive matches, coaches need to have
information regarding first aid and apply it in training. Since
training in sports activity can create cardiac arrest conditions
that may lead to death (Schmied and Borjesson, 2014), it is
important and necessary for coaches to possess such helpful
information. As an illustration, coaches should take classes that
help them recognize signs and symptoms of a cardiac arrest in
sports training, which will help them interfere and help keep
players safe. Furthermore, without such information, medical

8. personnel can take longer to arrive at the scene during training,
making it impossible to provide first aid to the player. In other
words, coaches need to understand medical information and
common causes of sudden death during physical and sport-
related activity, which can only be achieved through medical
research in the workplace or sporting organizations.
Furthermore, workplace research can also involve evaluating the
effectiveness of athletes' medical training programs. Eckart et
al. (2011) explain that many young adults experience
myocardial difficulties, hindering their heart activity, which
might lead to sudden death. In most cases, many athletes lack
the general information and knowledge required to prevent
increased cases of sudden death during active sports games. For
instance, in the United Kingdom, lack of comprehension
regarding preventive courses of action is the core cause of death
in physical and sporting activities (Finocchiaro et al., 2016).
The study conducted by these researchers in the UK presented
various causes of sudden demise primarily linked to intense
training and competition during games.
For this reason, workplace research needs to evaluate the
practicality and usefulness of medical programs for athletes that
will help them understand what to do when one of their
teammates or opponents experiences a cardiac arrest during a
competitive match or training episode. Moreover, suppose
workplace research instills knowledge among athletes. In that
case, it is easier for younger athletes that experience lower
sudden death cases (Corrado & Zorzi, 2017) to protect the adult
athletes if they experience cardiac arrest incidences. Thus,
workplace research can teach athletes how to use defibrillators,
assisting with random cardiac arrest incidents during training
and games. In this sense, workplace research can contribute
greatly to reduced sudden death incidences worldwide in
different sports.
Knowledge Transfer
Knowledge transfer entails the practical and notable strategy
used for exchanging or transitioning information between or

9. among different organizations in discrepant disciplines or
industries. The concept is considered a theoretical and practical
approach that can improve organizational systems and culture
simultaneously. Today, many medical organizations and
professionals focus on research regarding factors that contribute
to increased death cases. As an illustration, medical experts
have taken time to explore the connection of sudden death in
sporting exercises and cardiac arrest (Maron et al., 2014;
Solberg et al., 2010). Knowledge transfer can prevent increased
cases of cardiac arrest in sports that lead to unexpected death.
Therefore, the transfer and transition of knowledge between
medical organizations and centers for research can be a crucial
knowledge transfer activity that prevents the increasing cases.
As an illustration, in the United States, sporting companies from
different leagues, including basketball, American Football,
hockey, and soccer, can liaise with the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) in gaining information
concerning the cardiac arrest. According to Pineda et al. (2016),
physicians are among the most informed people on cardiac
arrest, and involving them in this issue can reduce cases,
especially among young adults. Thus, the CDC can provide
programs that help athletes, coaches, and medical personnel in
sporting companies respond to such incidents. In addition,
knowledge transfer involving medical officials, the CDC, and
sports coaches can help a great deal in dealing with cardiac
arrest cases. As an illustration, the CDC will provide medical
knowledge concerning the sudden death issue, leading to better
and informed parties in and off the pitch during games.
Additionally, the knowledge transfer can lead to increased
awareness of the causes of unexpected death in sports-related
activities.
Integration of Research Skills in Solving the Problem of Sudden
Death in Sports
Research in sporting activities is one of the most important
aspects that organizations and team owners must understand
when dealing with high-intensity and volume training activities.

10. One benefit of sports research involves understanding the ways
coaches and athletes interact and function during different
activities. For this reason, having excellent research skills in
sports can help provide techniques and solutions to the
unexpected death problem. According to Corrado et al. (2011),
understanding what factors contribute to sudden cardiac demise
can help mitigate such incidences. However, without research,
it is not easy for sporting organizations to understand these
causes. Therefore, researching these causes is one of the ways
that sports research skills can help solve the challenge of
unexpected death.
Furthermore, sports research is also important in solving the
cardiac arrest and sudden death problem. It provides knowledge
and essential information concerning ways to prevent any
cardiac arrest cases in sports. Following knowledge transfer
between medical organizations and sporting teams, it is easier
to understand preventive action required to eliminate cardiac
complications after intense physical exercise. Mohananey et al.
(2017) explain that increased accuracy and preciseness involved
in evaluating athletes' physical health before participating in
any sport-related exercise will prevent any cardiac cases by
barring those at risk from participating. For this reason,
research skills on the prevention of cardiac arrests, such as
physical health evaluations, can limit athlete populations at
risk, particularly adult athletes. Therefore, besides knowledge
transfer, research skills in sport are among the most effective
strategies to mitigate cases of sudden death brought about by
myocardial complications and various cardiovascular
conditions.
Common Cardiovascular Conditions Linked with Unexpected
Death in Sports(Wasfy et al., 2016)
Genetic
Abnormal Heart (Structurally)
Normal Heart (Structurally)
· Valvular heart disease

11. · Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
· Congenital anomalies
· Dilated cardiomyopathy
· Brugada complication
· Congenital problems
· Ventricular conditions
Acquired
· Myocarditis
· Kawasaki's disease
· Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease
· Drug-induced long QT
· Commotio Cordis
· Various environmental factors
Application and Future Integration
The information presented in this applied research report
concerning sudden death in sports-related activities can be
applied and integrated in many ways in the future. To begin
with, the information can be used by sporting teams across the
world that are likely to experience such problems. Sporting
teams can use this information to understand the cause and
prevention strategies to reduce unexpected cardiac deaths in
sports. Medical teams and coaches in sporting companies must
be ready to use this information to curb increasing cardiac death
cases. For example, congenital and acquired heart conditions,
commonly known as cardiovascular conditions, can lead to
death, a core problem of teams with adult players.
Additionally, the information from this report can be integrated
into the future in different areas, including medical centers and
sporting organizations. Medical centers and sports firms can
use this applied research report to understand the benefits of
knowledge transfer and research skills. Many companies use

12. knowledge transfer in dealing with problems and providing
practical and effective solutions. Furthermore, using sports
research skills in solving the challenge of cardiac death and
other challenges can help ensure the safety of young and adult
athletes.
Conclusion
In summary, sudden death in sports is one of the most common
problems that young and adult athletes experience. This applied
research report focuses on various aspects and causes of
unexpected death in sports, particularly cardiac arrest.
Cardiovascular conditions, including both congenital and
acquired conditions, contribute to increasing cardiac death
causes. Therefore, understanding the causes of heart-pumping
failure can help reduce and prevent unexpected death in sports.
However, practitioner and workplace research can also provide
important knowledge to prevent any factors that increase
cardiac arrest cases in sports-related activities. Additionally,
understanding the proper use of knowledge transfer and sports
research skills can help mitigate and eliminate these cases.
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