SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 21
Download to read offline
San Diego State University: Business Department
Management Internship: MGT 401
Marissa Garcia - Final Paper
Prof. Mark Sloan
Fall 2014
Purpose:
Zipcar was founded by two women in 1999 that based it on similar companies in
Germany and Switzerland. After launching in Boston, MA in January of 2000, Zipcar soon
expanded into other markets in the United States and quickly became a well-known name
throughout the country. Impressively not only are they an international company with cars in
Austria, France, Spain, Turkey, Istanbul, United Kingdom, and Canada but they are also the
world’s largest car sharing community.
My role at the San Diego Zipcar office is brand ambassador and collegiate expansion
planner and my primary responsibility has been to create and execute the marketing plans which
would allow us to expand even further into the major universities in the San Diego area (SDSU
being one of them). This included contacting those in charge, planning, coordinating and
working at events to ensure sure all goes smoothly and we reach our quota.
Project Accomplishments:
My first and most important step was creating the plan which would allow us to develop
and expand in the collegiate market. Since back to school was in full swing for SDSU, PLNU
and USD but not yet for the UCSD, I determined the quickest and most impactful way for us to
get started was to take advantage of the plethora of annual back to school events UCSD offered.
UCSD is Zipcar San Diego’s biggest user of cars. For their university they have 14 cars
scattered about in various faculty and student lots on and off campus. Of all the local schools,
UCSD and Zipcar San Diego have the most unique partnership and arrangement; Zipcar pays for
the parking spots and in return UCSD provides $50 gift cards for their faculty, staff and students.
This partnership allows the interested party an easy and cost free way to try our services.
Historically, the greatest challenge with this arrangement has been getting the UCSD users to
actually enter in the gift card codes when signing up. As a result, since those credits don’t get
used, Zipcar receives no payments for them from the school. This would be great if the sitting
money went to Zipcar as a profit, but the school doesn’t reimburse us until the codes are used
and activated. As a result, when I started at Zipcar we had ~$15,000 of unused gift cards and no
plan of how to get them in use. After brainstorming about the best way to approach the
“zipcentives” as we call them, we soon realized that it would be best for them to fill out physical
applications on the spot instead of giving them the gift card code which would allow them to
submit on their own time. We experienced a few challenges with people being hesitant to write
down their credit card information, but overall only lost a few applicants that way. We also
realized that for those potential members that were wary about writing down their credit card
information, we could have them fill out the entire application and only put half of their billing
information. Since having an email address is a requirement for z Zipcar membership, we would
then send them an email once we got back to the office and asked for the remainder of their
billing information. This helped to put the student’s mind at ease and that way they didn’t have
their entire credit card information all in one place. This method of getting the missing
information was also very helpful for students that were not presently carrying their driver’s
license on them. When this happened we would just send them an email the same way we would
for missing or incorrect credit card information. This was far more successful resulting in far
fewer codes not being used.
We also typically bring plinko (think Price Is Right) when we work events at the
Universities and give away prizes. My plan was to bring Plinko and have one of the prizes be a
“zipcentive” which is $50 driving credit. So by bringing plinko and giving away four prizes we
were able to incorporate the zipcentives as a mystery prize. Once students won the mystery prize,
we were able to activate and get our return on those gift cards from UCSD. By working directly
with UCSD staff and students and working welcome week we gained hundreds of applicants as
well as increased our visibility on campus.
While working with UCSD during Welcome Week it was important to simultaneously
focus on SDSU, our second largest San Diego University by usage. SDSU has 9 cars all around
campus and at the apartments were students are living. We are constantly monitoring their usage
to determine if we need to place more cars there and how our sign-ups are affecting the
availability. For all of our cars we like to keep their usage at 30-40%. When we have usage fewer
than 20% that is a sign that we should remove a car, when it is 20-30% things are good but they
can be optimized better. When it is anything above 40% that is an indicator we should be adding
on an additional car so that students and community members can use the cars when they need.
For SDSU, most of our cars are between 25-30%. The plan, similar to UCSD’s, was to continue
to have a consistent presence on campus and to reach out to the student organizations as well as
businesses on campus. Our goal was to be a regular presence on Campanile Walkway throughout
the first month and a half of school by being there at least twice a week. We would work
Wednesday by either setting up a booth with plinko and an actual car, or guerilla marketing.
Bringing a car on campus proved to be helpful in showing the students how the cars actually
work. Zipcar is unlike most car rental companies, because there is no interactions with a teller,
the keys always have to be in the car. With the keys already being inside the car, the driver has to
use their zipcard to get into the car via satellite access. Being able to have a car there and
physically show them how to enter and the noises it should make helped the students grasp the
concept. In addition to being on Campanile on Wednesdays, we would also work the farmers
market on Thursdays; the popular SDSU farmers market brings in a large numbers of students as
well as community members every week.
Aside from physically being on campus for members and potential new members, I also
felt it was very important to reach out to those involved on campus to take advantage of their
social networks. I know that many students are involved in clubs or organizations on campus and
that they most likely have friends outside of these organizations that they would be hanging out
with in their free time. A great way for word of mouth to travel would be to engage with the
organizations and get these base students involved so that they would in response, have the
opportunity to use the cars with friends not previously familiar with Zipcar. I spent much time
contacting and working with SDSU’s club and organization leaders to facilitate visits and talks
with their members and at their events. I was able to go to their meetings and speak with their
members. It was beneficial to go myself instead of asking them to just mention it to their
members. When I would attend their meetings they were able to ask me questions that I could
clear up on the spot.
My final major goal and initiative for San Diego State University was getting the foreign
exchange students involved. At Zipcar, we accept any international license as long as the driver
has had it for at least a year. Fortunately for Zipcar, SDSU is a huge hub for international
students. Reaching out to the International Student Center I learned that they conduct weekly
coffee hours for international as well as local students to socialize. I then suggested that Zipcar
would love to sponsor an event at the International Student Center to educate their members of
our convenient student friendly service. Needless to say, this would be a great opportunity to
gain valuable face to face time with international students. These students would otherwise have
no way of getting a car for their time here unless they were to purchase a car. International
students typically know that to rent a car from a normal car rental agency, the age requirement is
25 and for an extra cost on occasion, 21. When we then share with them that they only have to be
18 for Zipcar, they get very excited since it provides the perfect opportunity for them to drive
and explore the greater San Diego area. Many international students express how grateful they
are that we have this service because it gives them the ability to drive to the grocery store or take
weekend trips up to Los Angeles. This method of marketing proved to be extremely beneficial in
gaining customers at not only SDSU but at the University of California, San Diego as well.
In addition to setting up University marketing events and expansion, I felt it would be
beneficial to research our main competitor, Car 2 Go. I felt that by understanding the ins and outs
of our competitors and how they work it would shed light on how best to market and brand
ourselves. I spent significant time researching the Car 2 Go website as well as interacting with
them at marketing events to glean more about their product, their philosophy and their rules.
Many of Zipcar’s members are also Car 2 Go members, even some of our staff. Our model and
theirs are very similar but also drastically different. From my research, I was able to complete a
SWOT analysis which proved to be quite an eye opener for Zipcar San Diego. It came to my
attention that Car 2 Go is not only a reservation based system for round trip travel, but also a one
way system. This one way system is the real upper hand that Car 2 Go has. Many drivers only
need to take the car one way and do not have to return it back to where they picked it up from,
which is how Zipcar works. Luckily for Zipcar, our “Home Office” is beta testing the one way
system in Boston, Massachusetts and New York, New York. Knowing that our market should be
one of the next to get the one way driving has allowed us to share with our current and potential
members that one way is coming their way within a year. I also learned that unfortunately for
Zipcar San Diego, since Car 2 Go had established their presence in San Diego County first, they
are already a more established brand with the adults in the community. Many times when talking
to potential customers when we make initial contact they would ask if “those little blue smart
cars are you guys?” Because Car 2 Go has such a strong presence people tend to think of them
first which is what we are trying to change. A part of the differences between Car 2 Go and
Zipcar is that all of Car 2 Go’s cars are SMART cars. Smart cars are great because they are
entirely electric, but that also creates a challenge for their drivers. Smart cars can only drive up to
about 35MPH and are not used for long distance trips. With Zipcar, all of our cars seat at least 5
people and run either entirely on gas or partially.I also learned, that fortunately for Zicpar, Zipcar
has the larger and stronger presence with the university students. Car 2 Go only has cars located
at SDSU and has yet to reach out to the other universities. This give us a significant upper leg to
reach future San Diego leaders who don’t currently have access to Car 2 Go at their universities
and can spread Zipcar’s brand awareness.
Since working at Zipcar I have taken a look at our number of applications from this year
and compared them to last year. All across the board from August until November, we have
swept last year’s numbers away. The only monthly total that is less than last year is November’s
and that is because I only had access to the numbers from Nobember 1-19 instead of the entire
month. We are only 6 applications behind from all of November 2013 and I don’t see us not
passing last year’s numbers. Overall in the time I have been at Zipcar from August up until now,
we have had 1259 applicants. That same length of time last year, including through the end of
November we had 973 applicants. Based on our numbers I would say that our marketing efforts
and methods this year have been effective in getting us more applicants and gross new members.
I am eager to see what the final numbers come out to be for November and to add that to the
grand total.
Concept Integration and Application
In any business venture, management theories will be involved in every aspect. While
working at Zipcar I have applied many management theories and been able to put my course
material to work. The first management theory that I found I applied most was the 5 C’s of
Marketing. The five C’s are a speedy checklist to run through when developing a strategy for
your marketing efforts.
The first C is customer needs. When planning my events for the universities I asked
myself “Who is our target customer?” and determined that students are the primary target
customer on campuses. By focusing on our target customer, we can think of the best possible
way to market to them in a way that provides them a viable and convenient solution to one of
their transportation challenges. For example, one of our marketing initiatives for the universities
was to pass out top ramen with a brochure about Zipcar as well as a promotional code. By
providing not only free food but that it is Top Ramen, the classic quick meal for the financially
strapped student. This allowed us reach out to students in an entertaining light hearted manner
and clearly communicate to them that we know and understand their financial challenges of
being a student.
The second C we must consider is our company skills. This is where we take into
consideration how we can meet our customer’s needs. As I mentioned above, students typically
don’t have extra money to spend on things that aren’t necessities. A good amount of students
don’t have cars on campus, especially the first years, and as a company, we can provide them
with wheels when they need them for a low cost. We do our best, as a company, to keep the cost
as low as we can for students. We have partnered with Ford so that when students drive a Ford
they get an even lower hourly and daily rate than any of our other cars. We really want all of the
students to know that as a company, students are a huge portion of our users and so we aim to
please them.
The third C is for keeping our attention on our competition. We need to know who our
competition is and what they offer so we can always focus on making us more relevant and
valuable to the customer. This is where doing the SWOT analysis and researching Car 2 Go
came into play. It was extremely beneficial to learn that Car 2 Go is only on the SDSU campus
and that there was an opportunity for us to gain a large presence on the other San Diego
campuses. Knowing that Car 2 Go is available at SDSU also pushed us harder to reach out to the
students and differentiate ourselves. We needed to make sure potential customers were aware of
our brand so that if they ever needed a car, they would know to turn to us instead of Car 2 Go.
We keep our competition in mind when we are marketing so we know which aspects of Zipcar
we should highlight most. For example, many drivers want to be able to run to the grocery store
with four of their friends so that they can all split the cost of the car. With Car 2 Go, their
vehicles only seat 2 people so as a student looking to save money, it is much more cost effective
to take a Zipcar which will seat 5 instead of a Car 2 Go that only seats two.
The 4th
C is collaborators; we need to partner with and reach out to those that we know
can bring us customers. For example, I work for the Oggis on campus and as a result used my
connections to collaborate mutually beneficial marketing efforts with Oggis and Zipcar. I have
reached out to Oggis on behalf of Zipcar about partnering in one of our marketing and customer
satisfaction methods. Using partners that can be mutually beneficial is a great way to collaborate
both companies’ resources towards the same goal, getting and retaining customers.
The last C in the 5 C’s of Marketing is Context. It is extremely important to make sure
we are approaching our customers in the right context. When planning a marketing strategy we
should do a PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) analysis to be sure we aren’t
overstepping any boundaries and are marketing in the correct context based on the region we are
located in. This was applied to the marketing methods for Zipcar San Diego’s university
marketing by remembering that when we market at USD, we must keep in mind they are a
private, Catholic university. Just like any other marketing event, we need to be respectful of their
beliefs in the ways we conduct ourselves and appear in relation to where we are at. The 5th
C has
a broad range of meaning depending on where you are marketing and that is why it is of the
upmost importance that we do not take this step lightly.
I think that the 5 C’s of Marketing are extremely important and that it was one of the
better theories I used and put into practice. I would recommend Zipcar continue to use this
theory since we have such a broad range of customers and events. Paying close attention to the 5
C’s allows the marketer to cover all of the bases. It is the best way to make sure nothing is being
forgotten and to address questions that might have otherwise been overlooked.
The next management theory I found we frequently put to use was performance
management. Performance management is a key part of business. Performance management is
used to monitor the company’s performance by taking into consideration the methodologies,
metric, processes and systems that are in place. Performance management helps break down the
numbers into an easier to follow explanation of what they mean. In business, it’s important to
constantly evaluate the methods and strategies being used and their effectiveness.
At our Zipcar branch, we had monthly staff meetings where we would go over the
month’s statistics and goals as well as the upcoming month’s goals and updates from the team.
These meetings were valuable because they allowed us to take a moment to step back and reflect
on our performance for the month. We would look at our actual numbers in comparison to the
planned numbers for the car utilization, revenue, applications, and gross new members.
Depending on if we hit our goals or fell short we would have to re-evaluate our methods. From
this information we took advantage of internal communication about our strategy by having an
open discussion about what we were doing that we felt was working or not working and how to
tweak it. We would then look at the resources we have and compare how we had been using
them to potential new uses, while determining the long-term and short-term trade-offs of
changing our methods. The performance management enabled us to see the numbers in a
transparent manner and therefore we could respond in a way we agreed best fit.
Over the few months that I was at Zipcar, these meetings and performance management
reviews led us to change our strategy a few times. We were able to see that in the beginning of
the year at SDSU’s farmers market was a great place to set up. But as the semester progressed
with midterms and the lull of the middle of the semester, the farmers market has not been as
much of a success as we had hoped. It is important to review our numbers to see how there are
trends in which events work best and when they do. It doesn’t make sense for us to send two
people to work the farmers market if they come back to the office after 5 hours with no sign ups.
The more students are stressed with school, the less likely they are to stop at a Zipcar booth that
takes up valuable study or work time in their day. Now that we know the farmers market is not a
huge hit for Zipcar, we are reevaluating what we should try next. We know that it isn’t cost
efficient to be sending employees on Thursdays at SDSU so now we are using our resources for
other projects and markets. By using performance management, the company should be able to
effectively look at their numbers and goals and see if they are on track. Our monthly Zipcar San
Diego meeting accomplished this and has saved us valuable resources.
Project management is such a necessary procedure in all business that if a company isn’t
checking in on themselves they are asking for disaster. I think that the Zipcar San Diego office
would benefit from making the meetings every other week instead of just the monthly meeting. It
would allow us to respond to our results in a timelier manner and save us even more resources. If
we are not able to do multiple meetings a month then management should at least send out the
numbers on a weekly or semiweekly basis.
The last management theory I think Zipcar San Diego put into practice while I was there
was Concentrated Marketing, “Concentrated Marketing is a market coverage and market
segmentation strategy in which the product and marketing message is aimed at a (few) well-
defined segments of the consumer population in a market”. ( Concentrated marketing is
essentially what my project was since I was in charge of the collegiate market segment. Our
office’s three main segments of the consumer population were: 1. Collegiate (ZipcarU) 2. Zipcar
for Business (Z4B) and 3. Military Personnel. These three segments were our main focus and
were typically the ones who got a discount or promotional deal. Each of the segments was
headed by a different employee so that we could all focus directly on our own market and plan
our events. This allowed us to go into deeper and more advanced planning for each of the
segments. We were also able to bounce ideas off of eachother and get a fresh perspective as to
how they are approaching a different segment.
In my time working on this project, I was in charge of organizing and planning the whole
collegiate segment of our marketing, given goals for events as well as a budget to adhere to.
Being responsible and focused on just the university segment allowed me to zone in on one type
of customer and a more specified method of marketing. Being a student myself was also a huge
advantage for Zipcar San Diego. Having a student plan the marketing events for students gave us
a firsthand opinion and advice on how to go about things. I know from my own personal
experiences that students hate when they are bombarded with people hanging out flyers by the
footbridge. When I was planning our events I would take experiences like that into consideration.
We did not want to give off the feeling of being attacked by us while students are walking to and
from class. Instead we wanted to have an open table where students would not feel obligated to
talk to us and could come out of their own natural interest. When we would set up, we always
make sure to have our chalk board that has the student deal on it. So at San Diego State students
get to sign up in person for only $25 and in return we will put $35 driving credit into their
accounts. With this we were essentially paying for the student’s first year and to test out the
driving for an hour. We also always bring SWAG when we go to the campuses because most
students love to receive free gifts. We would often times let people play Plinko regardless of if
they are a member or not and they can still win a free prize. This is beneficial because then they
have a positive experience associated with Zipcar and are also promoting our brand by using our
pens or bags.
It is important to break up into concentrated marketing because it allows for a better and
more specific marketing plan. For Zipcar San Diego we do what we call “Surprise and Delights”
where we leave goodies in the car for an unsuspecting customer. Breaking our market into three
segments allowed my “surprise and delights” to be targeted directly to students’ wants and
needs. It would have been illogical for us to put a Target Fun Box (the surprise and delight for
university cars) in a Business account car. The customers are of completely different
demographics and as a result of concentrated marketing; we are able to market much more
efficiently. Concentrated marketing makes a huge difference in the customer’s satisfaction and
the ultimate end goal is to make the customer happy. I think Zipcar does a great job taking on
the concentrated marketing and should continue the way it is being done.
Personal Reflection
Throughout my time at Zipcar I feel my outlook on management and marketing has
changed. Being the person in charge of thinking of the marketing methods we will be using and
then carrying them out has been eye opening. Being an office that was not the headquarters
opened my eyes to how difficult it is to market on a regional level. I had come up with contests
and ideas for marketing via Instagram and Facebook but since we were a regional office we were
unable to create our own social media accounts. I hadn’t given much thought about if we would
be allowed to have our own social media accounts because I have never before worked for an
international company; going through the difficulties of interactive web and mobile marketing
was very challenging. Because of these extra challenges, the projects and competitions I was
initially planning on having the students do were not as effective and it was nearly impossible to
measure the team’s results. If I were to try to plan competitions again I would have to find a
better way to track each organization’s usage and sign ups.
I had previously thought I had a grasp on the organization that it would require to put on
events, but I still managed to underestimate it. When I began to plan for UCSD’s Welcome
Week, we ran into challenges with not having contacted them early enough and were unable to
do certain events such as the International Fair because of the lack of preparation. Not only did
that create difficulty with our initial plan, organization played a key role in keeping us on track.
We needed to stay organized to make sure we were going to UCSD and SDSU evenly as well as
for said events.
Unfortunately, USD and PLNU were not very accommodating schools so to organize
events there was nearly impossible. As difficult as those schools were, it was beneficial learning
how to work with a partner who is not nearly as accommodating as you need. When we wanted
to plan anything at USD, it was required we go through one coordinator. Our contact at USD was
very unhelpful and inaccessible, making marketing at USD nearly impossible. If we wanted to
even reach out to the organizations, it still had to be through said coordinator. After speaking
with our various contacts, I came to the conclusion that being the contact marketer between
Zipcar and the San Diego Universities was a great learning experience. It helped me become
more direct and confident in myself while speaking to someone in charge.
I also had the experience of training a new Zipcar hire while I was there and that was
more or less my first role in a management position. I enjoyed being able to teach and show him
how our office works as well as shape his Zipcar experience. Training him was also the first time
I had ever felt like a new hire didn’t click with my personality. I felt like when I was training him
he felt as if he already had all the answers and instead would tell me how to do my job. Working
with a personality like that was something I found very challenging as I was the higher up of the
two of us. I had to quickly adapt and relearn how to speak with him.
I also learned a lot from watching how my manager engaged with the rest of our
employees in our office. She was great about verbalizing what she thought we needed to work on
and delegating what she needed us to do. I admired my boss for being able to delegate projects
and assignments to us since she has the personality type where she would rather do it herself. I
would recommend that she work on her delivery though. I know that majority of the employees
in the office did not respect her as much as she should have because of the way she would speak
to us. A good amount of the time her delivery came off as rude and condescending and as a
result, it was very difficult to work with her. We had an employee quit because of that very
reason. It seems unnecessary to say things in a condescending way and watching her made me
realize how much more everyone would respect her if she kept her attitude more positive.
She also shared a lot of her personal life with us while we were in the office, which is
fine in most situations. It became a problem though when she would talk for twenty minutes
about her fiancé or her landlord. It was unprofessional to hear her bash on her landlord and it
interrupted our productivity during the day.
Despite her downsides, she was still a great manager. She also had us take a personality
test and send her our results. During our next office meeting we went over what each of the
categories meant (they were colors) and she told us who fell into each. Once we knew what
category each of us fell into she read off descriptions of how we should approach each different
personality type in the work force. Taking this test and learning about how to work with different
types of personalities helped each of us know how to approach one another while working and
how to best communicate. I really enjoyed that she shared with us how to best communicate with
different types of workers because while I have experienced most, there was and always is more
to learn as you encounter new personalities and people.
I did not expect to learn that I enjoyed helping out with the fleet work as much as I did.
On occasion, Amir (our fleet manager) would need help with taking the cars in for work or
cleaning and would ask for my assistance. I enjoyed the freedom it brought from getting to take a
break from behind the desk where I spent a good portion of time. Since Zipcar was bought by
Avis Budget Group, Zipcar and Avis have been working on car-pooling. This is a system where
we will pull cars from the San Diego Airport Avis lot to put in certain locations when we know
the Zipcars are in high demand. Watching Amir take on his project with pooling made me realize
I would enjoy being a manager on a project like that. A project that is challenging and requires a
lot of planning but is tremendously rewarding when finally completed.
My time at Zipcar has been very fulfilling and has taught me a lot. I think taking on as
much responsibility as I did was scary, but also really helped push me in a direction I needed.
This internship has helped me develop the most out of any I have ever done in the past and I look
forward to continue to learn and grow.
Conclusion
Overall I feel that taking on the collegiate marketing expansion role was an extremely
beneficial experience. It was the first real project in which I have had pretty much full control
over everything and had the weight lay on my shoulders. I came to realize that being on campus
and interacting with students face to face was the best way to get them to sign up and use our
product. It was not only beneficial for gaining sign ups but also for spreading our brand
awareness. We found that many people either had no idea who we were or had a
misunderstanding about who we are. Many times I had people think that Zipcar is a taxi-like
service such as Uber or Lyft. These misconstructions of what Zipcar’s use is are the reason
people either sign up or don’t sign up. Many times after we were to clarify what we actually did,
people would get excited and love the idea. This misinterpretation made me realize how
important it is to have a clear brand message.
Relying on just print advertising on the university campuses was also something we
realized was not the most effective. After having tried the method of hanging flyers and leaving
brochures we resulted in hardly any sign up in comparison to the face-to-face method. It is also
important to note, when students would sign up online and not interact with us, they were much
more likely to misunderstand the rules and therefore break them and get charged. It is much
more effective for us to send our employees out to the field to answer any questions our users
might have regarding our rules and fines.
Lastly, I think my time at Zipcar has been the most valuable interning experience I have
had yet. With it being my first real project I feel like I grew a lot and understand what my day to
day life post-graduation could potentially be like. I enjoyed getting to see my schooling be put
into use first-hand instead of just reading and learning about it. Learning about the different
management theories during my time at university was necessary, but putting it to use for a real
company with real consequences puts the pressure on, in the best way possible.
References:
5 C's of Marketing Strategy. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from
http://www.12manage.com/description_5_cs_marketing_strategy.html
Concentrated Marketing. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from
http://www.12manage.com/description_concentrated_marketing.html
Corporate Performance Management. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2014, from
http://www.12manage.com/methods_performance_management.html
Market Expansion Plan for UCSD
We are targeting the incoming freshman and transfer students who do not have cars on campus as well
as any other students without cars.
Events worth tabling at:
 Saturday Sept 27:
o UCSD move in for freshmen and transfers. We should table in front of the bookstore
since there are 6 different residence halls. We should bring plinko and give away water
bottles, 3 free hours in a mini, free membership with the “zipcentives” and a mystery
prize which can be a Frisbee. This is the day that we should announce we are having a
competition between the residence halls and the residence hall with the most car usage
by Halloween will win a Halloween pizza party. When they sign up, we can write which
residence hall they live in on the paper and I can keep track of it.
 Sunday Sept 28:
o The bookstore is hosting a new student welcome party (10:00AM – 5:00PM) where they
will be giving away prizes. This is a continuation from the 27th
. They begin the “welcome
party” at 10:00AM so we should try to be on campus by 9:30. Again, we should be using
the same methods as the day before.
 Monday September 29:
o UCSD has their Student Services Fair beginning at 12:00PM. If we are allowed to table,
we should table. If not, we should gorilla market to all the students who are at the fair.
We can bring applications with us as well as flyers. At this time we can explain the dorm
competition.
 Tuesday September 30:
o UCSD has a farmers’ Market every Tuesday from 10:00AM – 2:00PM. We should table
each Tuesday and have a consistent presence on campus. For this first Tuesday we
should table at the “Find Your Niche” since we plan to be in attendance at the Farmer’s
Market for the remainder of the semester.
o At 11:30AM they are having a find your niche fair. At the fair the various clubs and
organizations on campus will be there so we should table this event since most of the
new students will be interested.
o UCSD’s welcome convocation and dinner begins at 5:00PM that evening which the new
student body typically attends. We should gorilla around the dorms around 3:00 since
that should be enough time before they all leave but early enough that they are on their
way back from the fair and farmers’ market.
 Wednesday October 1
o All of the residence halls participate in the “All College Olympics” and have been training
for it since move in. Since there has been such hype for this event I think we should
table outside of the event, there should be a lot of new students.
 Thursday October 2
o All Campus transfer social is from 3:00-5:00PM. We should table this event
o Following the transfer social we should move over to the AS Chill & Grill which gors from
6:00-8:00pm
 Friday October 3
o First Friday at Price Center begins at 11:00AM
 They give away food and prizes
 We should table this event since many students come for free food
 Saturday October 4
o Meet the Beach begins at 11:00AM at Scripps Beach. This event is very popular every
year. I know Rockstar had flags there at the last event so I assume they allow sponsors
and will hopefully let us table. If we can’t table we should gorilla and push the fact that
they had to take a bus to get to the beach.
After October 4th
the events on campus seem to slow down. We should keep a consistent presence on
campus by attending the weekly farmers market and tabling. The week of the 20th
we should table in
front of the various dorms to remind them about the competition for the pizza party. Throughout all
these events we will also be passing out our “zipcentives” and explaining to students how they work. We
will also try to sign them up on the spot so that we know the gift cards will be logged in and used.
Once we are finished with the welcome week activities it will be time to move on to the Greek
organizations and various clubs on campus. Typically the sororities have weekly meetings on Monday
nights and fraternities on Sundays. I will get in contact with the various sorority presidents and explain
who we are. If allowed, we will do walkarounds to the sororities and fraternities to get them to sign up.
To get them motivated to sign up and use the Zipcars, we will put the Greeks in a competition of which
house can use the cars most and whichever fraternity/sorority has the most sign-ups/usage will win
either a pizza party dinner or the equivalent amount of money donated to their charity of choice. The
same competition will be applied to the various clubs and organizations that are on campus. On Friday
9/19 I will contact the various organization leaders on campus to find out when they meet and when we
can stop by.
University Market Expansion Plan:
 Create a San Diego Zipcar Twitter, Instagram and Facebook to post to the students and
encourage them to follow us.
o Twitter and Instagram competition to try to get #UCSDZipcar #SDSUZipcar
#USDZipcar and #PLNUZipcar to be used with pictures of the students in cars to
win a free Zip Trip or driving credit
 Make a contest and put the different dorms against each other
o Give the winning team driving credit and a pizza party!
 Continue to have a strong presence on campus
o Bring Plinko and give away prizes including driving credit, shopping bags,
Frisbees, and phone wallets.
o Try to attend at least once a week so that if students have questions they know we
are reliable and will be on campus
o Farmers Market
 Reach out to various organizations and clubs on campus
o Greek Life
 Put the Greeks in a competition similar to that of the students in the
dorms.
o Student Organizations
 Do walk-arounds and give them an incentive to sign up with us and drive!
University Market Expansion Updated Plan:
 Twitter and Instagram competition to try to get #UCSDZipcar #SDSUZipcar
#USDZipcar and #PLNUZipcar to be used with pictures of the students in cars to win a
free Zip Trip or driving credit
o Unable to post on behalf of Zicpar on Instagram
 Still encourage them to hashtag when we have face to face contact
 Create a San Diego Zipcar twitter, Instagram and Facebook to post to the students and
encourage them to follow us
o Since we can’t have local accounts, encourage them to follow our national Zipcar
social media accounts
 Make a contest and put the different dorms against each other
o Possibly break it down even further to the various floors against each other for
who has the most sign ups and usage.
o Give the winning team driving credit and a pizza party!
 Continue to have a strong presence on campus
o Extremely helpful to have a car on campus with the tabling!
o Bring Plinko and give away prizes including driving credit, shopping bags,
Frisbees, and phone wallets.
o Try to attend at least once a week so that if students have questions they know we
are reliable and will be on campus
o For tabling, be on the main walkway and know that there will be a steady flow of
traffic when people are going to and from class.
o Farmers Market
 On Tuesdays at UCSD and Thursdays at SDSU
o Orientation
o For SDSU – table before we know there is a basketball game and try to speak
with them on the way to their games
 Reach out to various organizations and clubs on campus
o Greek Life
 Put the Greeks in a competition similar to that of the students in the
dorms.
 Greek houses are typically very competitive and philanthropic;
putting them in a competition to see who gets the most sign ups
and usage would result in them winning a $100 donation to their
philanthropy.
o Student Organizations
 Do walk-arounds and give them an incentive to sign up with us and drive!
 Bring our flyers and cater our marketing efforts to said
organization. .
 Leave surprise and delights in the cars for students
o Try to leave nice notes as well
o Try to leave surprise and delights when we know students have finals and
midterms as an extra “good-luck” from Zipcar!
 Contact the Fluent representatives and coordinate on campus events with them as well as
get their updated plans so we do not overlap.
Zipcar - Internship Final Paper MGT 401
Zipcar - Internship Final Paper MGT 401
Zipcar - Internship Final Paper MGT 401

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

MarketingResearchFinalProject
MarketingResearchFinalProjectMarketingResearchFinalProject
MarketingResearchFinalProjectMarissa Garcia
 
SPAIRE Final Business Plan
SPAIRE Final Business PlanSPAIRE Final Business Plan
SPAIRE Final Business PlanMarissa Garcia
 
MKTG371 Subcultures of Consumption Written Report
MKTG371 Subcultures of Consumption Written ReportMKTG371 Subcultures of Consumption Written Report
MKTG371 Subcultures of Consumption Written ReportMarissa Garcia
 
Brand Ambassador Program Blueprint by Britt Michaelian
Brand Ambassador Program Blueprint by Britt MichaelianBrand Ambassador Program Blueprint by Britt Michaelian
Brand Ambassador Program Blueprint by Britt MichaelianBritt Michaelian
 

Viewers also liked (6)

MarketingResearchFinalProject
MarketingResearchFinalProjectMarketingResearchFinalProject
MarketingResearchFinalProject
 
Disney_Written_Report
Disney_Written_ReportDisney_Written_Report
Disney_Written_Report
 
SPAIRE Final Business Plan
SPAIRE Final Business PlanSPAIRE Final Business Plan
SPAIRE Final Business Plan
 
MKTG371 Subcultures of Consumption Written Report
MKTG371 Subcultures of Consumption Written ReportMKTG371 Subcultures of Consumption Written Report
MKTG371 Subcultures of Consumption Written Report
 
Zipcar
ZipcarZipcar
Zipcar
 
Brand Ambassador Program Blueprint by Britt Michaelian
Brand Ambassador Program Blueprint by Britt MichaelianBrand Ambassador Program Blueprint by Britt Michaelian
Brand Ambassador Program Blueprint by Britt Michaelian
 

Similar to Zipcar - Internship Final Paper MGT 401

BUS 375 - Campus Cruise Final
BUS 375 - Campus Cruise FinalBUS 375 - Campus Cruise Final
BUS 375 - Campus Cruise FinalJessica Maldoon
 
Impact report plaid june 2021
Impact report plaid june 2021Impact report plaid june 2021
Impact report plaid june 2021Erica Davis
 
Impact Report_SantanderNY_03072022 (1).pdf
Impact Report_SantanderNY_03072022 (1).pdfImpact Report_SantanderNY_03072022 (1).pdf
Impact Report_SantanderNY_03072022 (1).pdfMadisonCombs4
 
Impact report santander ny_03072022
Impact report santander ny_03072022Impact report santander ny_03072022
Impact report santander ny_03072022MadisonCombs4
 
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022DefneMorova
 
Tripda Proposal for University Engagement
Tripda Proposal for University EngagementTripda Proposal for University Engagement
Tripda Proposal for University EngagementMax Lee
 
Capgemini Chicago Impact Report_11022022
Capgemini Chicago Impact Report_11022022Capgemini Chicago Impact Report_11022022
Capgemini Chicago Impact Report_11022022Sara Hill (Corvil)
 
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022DefneMorova
 
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022DefneMorova
 
Building a Global Community of Connected Students, from Classroom to Career
Building a Global Community of Connected Students, from Classroom to CareerBuilding a Global Community of Connected Students, from Classroom to Career
Building a Global Community of Connected Students, from Classroom to CareerCognizant
 
Hold Hands Chicago Executive Summary
Hold Hands Chicago Executive SummaryHold Hands Chicago Executive Summary
Hold Hands Chicago Executive SummaryScott Taback
 
Advertising Using SnapChat Geofilters, a Marketing Case Study
Advertising Using SnapChat Geofilters, a Marketing Case StudyAdvertising Using SnapChat Geofilters, a Marketing Case Study
Advertising Using SnapChat Geofilters, a Marketing Case StudyParker Staffing Services
 
2015 Ad2 SAS Book_Final
2015 Ad2 SAS Book_Final2015 Ad2 SAS Book_Final
2015 Ad2 SAS Book_FinalAlissa Trudel
 
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi NYC_03222023.pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi NYC_03222023.pdfImpact Report_Spark x InMobi NYC_03222023.pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi NYC_03222023.pdfDanielaLebron1
 
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (1).pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (1).pdfImpact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (1).pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (1).pdfDanielaLebron1
 
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023.pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023.pdfImpact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023.pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023.pdfDanielaLebron1
 
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (2).pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (2).pdfImpact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (2).pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (2).pdfDanielaLebron1
 
Impact Report_Santander Miami_03242022
Impact Report_Santander Miami_03242022Impact Report_Santander Miami_03242022
Impact Report_Santander Miami_03242022Sara Hill (Corvil)
 
Pathways for Kids - Spring/Summer 2022 Newsletter
Pathways for Kids - Spring/Summer 2022 NewsletterPathways for Kids - Spring/Summer 2022 Newsletter
Pathways for Kids - Spring/Summer 2022 NewsletterMikeMontalban1
 

Similar to Zipcar - Internship Final Paper MGT 401 (20)

BUS 375 - Campus Cruise Final
BUS 375 - Campus Cruise FinalBUS 375 - Campus Cruise Final
BUS 375 - Campus Cruise Final
 
Impact report plaid june 2021
Impact report plaid june 2021Impact report plaid june 2021
Impact report plaid june 2021
 
Impact Report_SantanderNY_03072022 (1).pdf
Impact Report_SantanderNY_03072022 (1).pdfImpact Report_SantanderNY_03072022 (1).pdf
Impact Report_SantanderNY_03072022 (1).pdf
 
Scrappy Cash final
Scrappy Cash final Scrappy Cash final
Scrappy Cash final
 
Impact report santander ny_03072022
Impact report santander ny_03072022Impact report santander ny_03072022
Impact report santander ny_03072022
 
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
 
Tripda Proposal for University Engagement
Tripda Proposal for University EngagementTripda Proposal for University Engagement
Tripda Proposal for University Engagement
 
Capgemini Chicago Impact Report_11022022
Capgemini Chicago Impact Report_11022022Capgemini Chicago Impact Report_11022022
Capgemini Chicago Impact Report_11022022
 
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
 
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
Impact Report_Plaid_06142022
 
Building a Global Community of Connected Students, from Classroom to Career
Building a Global Community of Connected Students, from Classroom to CareerBuilding a Global Community of Connected Students, from Classroom to Career
Building a Global Community of Connected Students, from Classroom to Career
 
Hold Hands Chicago Executive Summary
Hold Hands Chicago Executive SummaryHold Hands Chicago Executive Summary
Hold Hands Chicago Executive Summary
 
Advertising Using SnapChat Geofilters, a Marketing Case Study
Advertising Using SnapChat Geofilters, a Marketing Case StudyAdvertising Using SnapChat Geofilters, a Marketing Case Study
Advertising Using SnapChat Geofilters, a Marketing Case Study
 
2015 Ad2 SAS Book_Final
2015 Ad2 SAS Book_Final2015 Ad2 SAS Book_Final
2015 Ad2 SAS Book_Final
 
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi NYC_03222023.pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi NYC_03222023.pdfImpact Report_Spark x InMobi NYC_03222023.pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi NYC_03222023.pdf
 
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (1).pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (1).pdfImpact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (1).pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (1).pdf
 
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023.pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023.pdfImpact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023.pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023.pdf
 
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (2).pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (2).pdfImpact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (2).pdf
Impact Report_Spark x InMobi Chicago_03222023 (2).pdf
 
Impact Report_Santander Miami_03242022
Impact Report_Santander Miami_03242022Impact Report_Santander Miami_03242022
Impact Report_Santander Miami_03242022
 
Pathways for Kids - Spring/Summer 2022 Newsletter
Pathways for Kids - Spring/Summer 2022 NewsletterPathways for Kids - Spring/Summer 2022 Newsletter
Pathways for Kids - Spring/Summer 2022 Newsletter
 

Zipcar - Internship Final Paper MGT 401

  • 1. San Diego State University: Business Department Management Internship: MGT 401 Marissa Garcia - Final Paper Prof. Mark Sloan Fall 2014
  • 2. Purpose: Zipcar was founded by two women in 1999 that based it on similar companies in Germany and Switzerland. After launching in Boston, MA in January of 2000, Zipcar soon expanded into other markets in the United States and quickly became a well-known name throughout the country. Impressively not only are they an international company with cars in Austria, France, Spain, Turkey, Istanbul, United Kingdom, and Canada but they are also the world’s largest car sharing community. My role at the San Diego Zipcar office is brand ambassador and collegiate expansion planner and my primary responsibility has been to create and execute the marketing plans which would allow us to expand even further into the major universities in the San Diego area (SDSU being one of them). This included contacting those in charge, planning, coordinating and working at events to ensure sure all goes smoothly and we reach our quota.
  • 3. Project Accomplishments: My first and most important step was creating the plan which would allow us to develop and expand in the collegiate market. Since back to school was in full swing for SDSU, PLNU and USD but not yet for the UCSD, I determined the quickest and most impactful way for us to get started was to take advantage of the plethora of annual back to school events UCSD offered. UCSD is Zipcar San Diego’s biggest user of cars. For their university they have 14 cars scattered about in various faculty and student lots on and off campus. Of all the local schools, UCSD and Zipcar San Diego have the most unique partnership and arrangement; Zipcar pays for the parking spots and in return UCSD provides $50 gift cards for their faculty, staff and students. This partnership allows the interested party an easy and cost free way to try our services. Historically, the greatest challenge with this arrangement has been getting the UCSD users to actually enter in the gift card codes when signing up. As a result, since those credits don’t get used, Zipcar receives no payments for them from the school. This would be great if the sitting money went to Zipcar as a profit, but the school doesn’t reimburse us until the codes are used and activated. As a result, when I started at Zipcar we had ~$15,000 of unused gift cards and no plan of how to get them in use. After brainstorming about the best way to approach the “zipcentives” as we call them, we soon realized that it would be best for them to fill out physical applications on the spot instead of giving them the gift card code which would allow them to submit on their own time. We experienced a few challenges with people being hesitant to write down their credit card information, but overall only lost a few applicants that way. We also realized that for those potential members that were wary about writing down their credit card information, we could have them fill out the entire application and only put half of their billing information. Since having an email address is a requirement for z Zipcar membership, we would then send them an email once we got back to the office and asked for the remainder of their billing information. This helped to put the student’s mind at ease and that way they didn’t have their entire credit card information all in one place. This method of getting the missing information was also very helpful for students that were not presently carrying their driver’s license on them. When this happened we would just send them an email the same way we would for missing or incorrect credit card information. This was far more successful resulting in far fewer codes not being used. We also typically bring plinko (think Price Is Right) when we work events at the Universities and give away prizes. My plan was to bring Plinko and have one of the prizes be a “zipcentive” which is $50 driving credit. So by bringing plinko and giving away four prizes we were able to incorporate the zipcentives as a mystery prize. Once students won the mystery prize, we were able to activate and get our return on those gift cards from UCSD. By working directly with UCSD staff and students and working welcome week we gained hundreds of applicants as well as increased our visibility on campus. While working with UCSD during Welcome Week it was important to simultaneously focus on SDSU, our second largest San Diego University by usage. SDSU has 9 cars all around campus and at the apartments were students are living. We are constantly monitoring their usage to determine if we need to place more cars there and how our sign-ups are affecting the availability. For all of our cars we like to keep their usage at 30-40%. When we have usage fewer than 20% that is a sign that we should remove a car, when it is 20-30% things are good but they can be optimized better. When it is anything above 40% that is an indicator we should be adding on an additional car so that students and community members can use the cars when they need. For SDSU, most of our cars are between 25-30%. The plan, similar to UCSD’s, was to continue
  • 4. to have a consistent presence on campus and to reach out to the student organizations as well as businesses on campus. Our goal was to be a regular presence on Campanile Walkway throughout the first month and a half of school by being there at least twice a week. We would work Wednesday by either setting up a booth with plinko and an actual car, or guerilla marketing. Bringing a car on campus proved to be helpful in showing the students how the cars actually work. Zipcar is unlike most car rental companies, because there is no interactions with a teller, the keys always have to be in the car. With the keys already being inside the car, the driver has to use their zipcard to get into the car via satellite access. Being able to have a car there and physically show them how to enter and the noises it should make helped the students grasp the concept. In addition to being on Campanile on Wednesdays, we would also work the farmers market on Thursdays; the popular SDSU farmers market brings in a large numbers of students as well as community members every week. Aside from physically being on campus for members and potential new members, I also felt it was very important to reach out to those involved on campus to take advantage of their social networks. I know that many students are involved in clubs or organizations on campus and that they most likely have friends outside of these organizations that they would be hanging out with in their free time. A great way for word of mouth to travel would be to engage with the organizations and get these base students involved so that they would in response, have the opportunity to use the cars with friends not previously familiar with Zipcar. I spent much time contacting and working with SDSU’s club and organization leaders to facilitate visits and talks with their members and at their events. I was able to go to their meetings and speak with their members. It was beneficial to go myself instead of asking them to just mention it to their members. When I would attend their meetings they were able to ask me questions that I could clear up on the spot. My final major goal and initiative for San Diego State University was getting the foreign exchange students involved. At Zipcar, we accept any international license as long as the driver has had it for at least a year. Fortunately for Zipcar, SDSU is a huge hub for international students. Reaching out to the International Student Center I learned that they conduct weekly coffee hours for international as well as local students to socialize. I then suggested that Zipcar would love to sponsor an event at the International Student Center to educate their members of our convenient student friendly service. Needless to say, this would be a great opportunity to gain valuable face to face time with international students. These students would otherwise have no way of getting a car for their time here unless they were to purchase a car. International students typically know that to rent a car from a normal car rental agency, the age requirement is 25 and for an extra cost on occasion, 21. When we then share with them that they only have to be 18 for Zipcar, they get very excited since it provides the perfect opportunity for them to drive and explore the greater San Diego area. Many international students express how grateful they are that we have this service because it gives them the ability to drive to the grocery store or take weekend trips up to Los Angeles. This method of marketing proved to be extremely beneficial in gaining customers at not only SDSU but at the University of California, San Diego as well. In addition to setting up University marketing events and expansion, I felt it would be beneficial to research our main competitor, Car 2 Go. I felt that by understanding the ins and outs of our competitors and how they work it would shed light on how best to market and brand ourselves. I spent significant time researching the Car 2 Go website as well as interacting with them at marketing events to glean more about their product, their philosophy and their rules. Many of Zipcar’s members are also Car 2 Go members, even some of our staff. Our model and
  • 5. theirs are very similar but also drastically different. From my research, I was able to complete a SWOT analysis which proved to be quite an eye opener for Zipcar San Diego. It came to my attention that Car 2 Go is not only a reservation based system for round trip travel, but also a one way system. This one way system is the real upper hand that Car 2 Go has. Many drivers only need to take the car one way and do not have to return it back to where they picked it up from, which is how Zipcar works. Luckily for Zipcar, our “Home Office” is beta testing the one way system in Boston, Massachusetts and New York, New York. Knowing that our market should be one of the next to get the one way driving has allowed us to share with our current and potential members that one way is coming their way within a year. I also learned that unfortunately for Zipcar San Diego, since Car 2 Go had established their presence in San Diego County first, they are already a more established brand with the adults in the community. Many times when talking to potential customers when we make initial contact they would ask if “those little blue smart cars are you guys?” Because Car 2 Go has such a strong presence people tend to think of them first which is what we are trying to change. A part of the differences between Car 2 Go and Zipcar is that all of Car 2 Go’s cars are SMART cars. Smart cars are great because they are entirely electric, but that also creates a challenge for their drivers. Smart cars can only drive up to about 35MPH and are not used for long distance trips. With Zipcar, all of our cars seat at least 5 people and run either entirely on gas or partially.I also learned, that fortunately for Zicpar, Zipcar has the larger and stronger presence with the university students. Car 2 Go only has cars located at SDSU and has yet to reach out to the other universities. This give us a significant upper leg to reach future San Diego leaders who don’t currently have access to Car 2 Go at their universities and can spread Zipcar’s brand awareness. Since working at Zipcar I have taken a look at our number of applications from this year and compared them to last year. All across the board from August until November, we have swept last year’s numbers away. The only monthly total that is less than last year is November’s and that is because I only had access to the numbers from Nobember 1-19 instead of the entire month. We are only 6 applications behind from all of November 2013 and I don’t see us not passing last year’s numbers. Overall in the time I have been at Zipcar from August up until now, we have had 1259 applicants. That same length of time last year, including through the end of November we had 973 applicants. Based on our numbers I would say that our marketing efforts and methods this year have been effective in getting us more applicants and gross new members. I am eager to see what the final numbers come out to be for November and to add that to the grand total.
  • 6. Concept Integration and Application In any business venture, management theories will be involved in every aspect. While working at Zipcar I have applied many management theories and been able to put my course material to work. The first management theory that I found I applied most was the 5 C’s of Marketing. The five C’s are a speedy checklist to run through when developing a strategy for your marketing efforts. The first C is customer needs. When planning my events for the universities I asked myself “Who is our target customer?” and determined that students are the primary target customer on campuses. By focusing on our target customer, we can think of the best possible way to market to them in a way that provides them a viable and convenient solution to one of their transportation challenges. For example, one of our marketing initiatives for the universities was to pass out top ramen with a brochure about Zipcar as well as a promotional code. By providing not only free food but that it is Top Ramen, the classic quick meal for the financially strapped student. This allowed us reach out to students in an entertaining light hearted manner and clearly communicate to them that we know and understand their financial challenges of being a student. The second C we must consider is our company skills. This is where we take into consideration how we can meet our customer’s needs. As I mentioned above, students typically don’t have extra money to spend on things that aren’t necessities. A good amount of students don’t have cars on campus, especially the first years, and as a company, we can provide them with wheels when they need them for a low cost. We do our best, as a company, to keep the cost as low as we can for students. We have partnered with Ford so that when students drive a Ford they get an even lower hourly and daily rate than any of our other cars. We really want all of the students to know that as a company, students are a huge portion of our users and so we aim to please them. The third C is for keeping our attention on our competition. We need to know who our competition is and what they offer so we can always focus on making us more relevant and valuable to the customer. This is where doing the SWOT analysis and researching Car 2 Go came into play. It was extremely beneficial to learn that Car 2 Go is only on the SDSU campus and that there was an opportunity for us to gain a large presence on the other San Diego campuses. Knowing that Car 2 Go is available at SDSU also pushed us harder to reach out to the students and differentiate ourselves. We needed to make sure potential customers were aware of our brand so that if they ever needed a car, they would know to turn to us instead of Car 2 Go. We keep our competition in mind when we are marketing so we know which aspects of Zipcar we should highlight most. For example, many drivers want to be able to run to the grocery store with four of their friends so that they can all split the cost of the car. With Car 2 Go, their vehicles only seat 2 people so as a student looking to save money, it is much more cost effective to take a Zipcar which will seat 5 instead of a Car 2 Go that only seats two. The 4th C is collaborators; we need to partner with and reach out to those that we know can bring us customers. For example, I work for the Oggis on campus and as a result used my connections to collaborate mutually beneficial marketing efforts with Oggis and Zipcar. I have reached out to Oggis on behalf of Zipcar about partnering in one of our marketing and customer satisfaction methods. Using partners that can be mutually beneficial is a great way to collaborate both companies’ resources towards the same goal, getting and retaining customers. The last C in the 5 C’s of Marketing is Context. It is extremely important to make sure we are approaching our customers in the right context. When planning a marketing strategy we
  • 7. should do a PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) analysis to be sure we aren’t overstepping any boundaries and are marketing in the correct context based on the region we are located in. This was applied to the marketing methods for Zipcar San Diego’s university marketing by remembering that when we market at USD, we must keep in mind they are a private, Catholic university. Just like any other marketing event, we need to be respectful of their beliefs in the ways we conduct ourselves and appear in relation to where we are at. The 5th C has a broad range of meaning depending on where you are marketing and that is why it is of the upmost importance that we do not take this step lightly. I think that the 5 C’s of Marketing are extremely important and that it was one of the better theories I used and put into practice. I would recommend Zipcar continue to use this theory since we have such a broad range of customers and events. Paying close attention to the 5 C’s allows the marketer to cover all of the bases. It is the best way to make sure nothing is being forgotten and to address questions that might have otherwise been overlooked. The next management theory I found we frequently put to use was performance management. Performance management is a key part of business. Performance management is used to monitor the company’s performance by taking into consideration the methodologies, metric, processes and systems that are in place. Performance management helps break down the numbers into an easier to follow explanation of what they mean. In business, it’s important to constantly evaluate the methods and strategies being used and their effectiveness. At our Zipcar branch, we had monthly staff meetings where we would go over the month’s statistics and goals as well as the upcoming month’s goals and updates from the team. These meetings were valuable because they allowed us to take a moment to step back and reflect on our performance for the month. We would look at our actual numbers in comparison to the planned numbers for the car utilization, revenue, applications, and gross new members. Depending on if we hit our goals or fell short we would have to re-evaluate our methods. From this information we took advantage of internal communication about our strategy by having an open discussion about what we were doing that we felt was working or not working and how to tweak it. We would then look at the resources we have and compare how we had been using them to potential new uses, while determining the long-term and short-term trade-offs of changing our methods. The performance management enabled us to see the numbers in a transparent manner and therefore we could respond in a way we agreed best fit. Over the few months that I was at Zipcar, these meetings and performance management reviews led us to change our strategy a few times. We were able to see that in the beginning of the year at SDSU’s farmers market was a great place to set up. But as the semester progressed with midterms and the lull of the middle of the semester, the farmers market has not been as much of a success as we had hoped. It is important to review our numbers to see how there are trends in which events work best and when they do. It doesn’t make sense for us to send two people to work the farmers market if they come back to the office after 5 hours with no sign ups. The more students are stressed with school, the less likely they are to stop at a Zipcar booth that takes up valuable study or work time in their day. Now that we know the farmers market is not a huge hit for Zipcar, we are reevaluating what we should try next. We know that it isn’t cost efficient to be sending employees on Thursdays at SDSU so now we are using our resources for other projects and markets. By using performance management, the company should be able to effectively look at their numbers and goals and see if they are on track. Our monthly Zipcar San Diego meeting accomplished this and has saved us valuable resources.
  • 8. Project management is such a necessary procedure in all business that if a company isn’t checking in on themselves they are asking for disaster. I think that the Zipcar San Diego office would benefit from making the meetings every other week instead of just the monthly meeting. It would allow us to respond to our results in a timelier manner and save us even more resources. If we are not able to do multiple meetings a month then management should at least send out the numbers on a weekly or semiweekly basis. The last management theory I think Zipcar San Diego put into practice while I was there was Concentrated Marketing, “Concentrated Marketing is a market coverage and market segmentation strategy in which the product and marketing message is aimed at a (few) well- defined segments of the consumer population in a market”. ( Concentrated marketing is essentially what my project was since I was in charge of the collegiate market segment. Our office’s three main segments of the consumer population were: 1. Collegiate (ZipcarU) 2. Zipcar for Business (Z4B) and 3. Military Personnel. These three segments were our main focus and were typically the ones who got a discount or promotional deal. Each of the segments was headed by a different employee so that we could all focus directly on our own market and plan our events. This allowed us to go into deeper and more advanced planning for each of the segments. We were also able to bounce ideas off of eachother and get a fresh perspective as to how they are approaching a different segment. In my time working on this project, I was in charge of organizing and planning the whole collegiate segment of our marketing, given goals for events as well as a budget to adhere to. Being responsible and focused on just the university segment allowed me to zone in on one type of customer and a more specified method of marketing. Being a student myself was also a huge advantage for Zipcar San Diego. Having a student plan the marketing events for students gave us a firsthand opinion and advice on how to go about things. I know from my own personal experiences that students hate when they are bombarded with people hanging out flyers by the footbridge. When I was planning our events I would take experiences like that into consideration. We did not want to give off the feeling of being attacked by us while students are walking to and from class. Instead we wanted to have an open table where students would not feel obligated to talk to us and could come out of their own natural interest. When we would set up, we always make sure to have our chalk board that has the student deal on it. So at San Diego State students get to sign up in person for only $25 and in return we will put $35 driving credit into their accounts. With this we were essentially paying for the student’s first year and to test out the driving for an hour. We also always bring SWAG when we go to the campuses because most students love to receive free gifts. We would often times let people play Plinko regardless of if they are a member or not and they can still win a free prize. This is beneficial because then they have a positive experience associated with Zipcar and are also promoting our brand by using our pens or bags. It is important to break up into concentrated marketing because it allows for a better and more specific marketing plan. For Zipcar San Diego we do what we call “Surprise and Delights” where we leave goodies in the car for an unsuspecting customer. Breaking our market into three segments allowed my “surprise and delights” to be targeted directly to students’ wants and needs. It would have been illogical for us to put a Target Fun Box (the surprise and delight for university cars) in a Business account car. The customers are of completely different demographics and as a result of concentrated marketing; we are able to market much more efficiently. Concentrated marketing makes a huge difference in the customer’s satisfaction and
  • 9. the ultimate end goal is to make the customer happy. I think Zipcar does a great job taking on the concentrated marketing and should continue the way it is being done.
  • 10. Personal Reflection Throughout my time at Zipcar I feel my outlook on management and marketing has changed. Being the person in charge of thinking of the marketing methods we will be using and then carrying them out has been eye opening. Being an office that was not the headquarters opened my eyes to how difficult it is to market on a regional level. I had come up with contests and ideas for marketing via Instagram and Facebook but since we were a regional office we were unable to create our own social media accounts. I hadn’t given much thought about if we would be allowed to have our own social media accounts because I have never before worked for an international company; going through the difficulties of interactive web and mobile marketing was very challenging. Because of these extra challenges, the projects and competitions I was initially planning on having the students do were not as effective and it was nearly impossible to measure the team’s results. If I were to try to plan competitions again I would have to find a better way to track each organization’s usage and sign ups. I had previously thought I had a grasp on the organization that it would require to put on events, but I still managed to underestimate it. When I began to plan for UCSD’s Welcome Week, we ran into challenges with not having contacted them early enough and were unable to do certain events such as the International Fair because of the lack of preparation. Not only did that create difficulty with our initial plan, organization played a key role in keeping us on track. We needed to stay organized to make sure we were going to UCSD and SDSU evenly as well as for said events. Unfortunately, USD and PLNU were not very accommodating schools so to organize events there was nearly impossible. As difficult as those schools were, it was beneficial learning how to work with a partner who is not nearly as accommodating as you need. When we wanted to plan anything at USD, it was required we go through one coordinator. Our contact at USD was very unhelpful and inaccessible, making marketing at USD nearly impossible. If we wanted to even reach out to the organizations, it still had to be through said coordinator. After speaking with our various contacts, I came to the conclusion that being the contact marketer between Zipcar and the San Diego Universities was a great learning experience. It helped me become more direct and confident in myself while speaking to someone in charge. I also had the experience of training a new Zipcar hire while I was there and that was more or less my first role in a management position. I enjoyed being able to teach and show him how our office works as well as shape his Zipcar experience. Training him was also the first time I had ever felt like a new hire didn’t click with my personality. I felt like when I was training him he felt as if he already had all the answers and instead would tell me how to do my job. Working with a personality like that was something I found very challenging as I was the higher up of the two of us. I had to quickly adapt and relearn how to speak with him. I also learned a lot from watching how my manager engaged with the rest of our employees in our office. She was great about verbalizing what she thought we needed to work on and delegating what she needed us to do. I admired my boss for being able to delegate projects and assignments to us since she has the personality type where she would rather do it herself. I would recommend that she work on her delivery though. I know that majority of the employees in the office did not respect her as much as she should have because of the way she would speak to us. A good amount of the time her delivery came off as rude and condescending and as a result, it was very difficult to work with her. We had an employee quit because of that very reason. It seems unnecessary to say things in a condescending way and watching her made me realize how much more everyone would respect her if she kept her attitude more positive.
  • 11. She also shared a lot of her personal life with us while we were in the office, which is fine in most situations. It became a problem though when she would talk for twenty minutes about her fiancé or her landlord. It was unprofessional to hear her bash on her landlord and it interrupted our productivity during the day. Despite her downsides, she was still a great manager. She also had us take a personality test and send her our results. During our next office meeting we went over what each of the categories meant (they were colors) and she told us who fell into each. Once we knew what category each of us fell into she read off descriptions of how we should approach each different personality type in the work force. Taking this test and learning about how to work with different types of personalities helped each of us know how to approach one another while working and how to best communicate. I really enjoyed that she shared with us how to best communicate with different types of workers because while I have experienced most, there was and always is more to learn as you encounter new personalities and people. I did not expect to learn that I enjoyed helping out with the fleet work as much as I did. On occasion, Amir (our fleet manager) would need help with taking the cars in for work or cleaning and would ask for my assistance. I enjoyed the freedom it brought from getting to take a break from behind the desk where I spent a good portion of time. Since Zipcar was bought by Avis Budget Group, Zipcar and Avis have been working on car-pooling. This is a system where we will pull cars from the San Diego Airport Avis lot to put in certain locations when we know the Zipcars are in high demand. Watching Amir take on his project with pooling made me realize I would enjoy being a manager on a project like that. A project that is challenging and requires a lot of planning but is tremendously rewarding when finally completed. My time at Zipcar has been very fulfilling and has taught me a lot. I think taking on as much responsibility as I did was scary, but also really helped push me in a direction I needed. This internship has helped me develop the most out of any I have ever done in the past and I look forward to continue to learn and grow.
  • 12. Conclusion Overall I feel that taking on the collegiate marketing expansion role was an extremely beneficial experience. It was the first real project in which I have had pretty much full control over everything and had the weight lay on my shoulders. I came to realize that being on campus and interacting with students face to face was the best way to get them to sign up and use our product. It was not only beneficial for gaining sign ups but also for spreading our brand awareness. We found that many people either had no idea who we were or had a misunderstanding about who we are. Many times I had people think that Zipcar is a taxi-like service such as Uber or Lyft. These misconstructions of what Zipcar’s use is are the reason people either sign up or don’t sign up. Many times after we were to clarify what we actually did, people would get excited and love the idea. This misinterpretation made me realize how important it is to have a clear brand message. Relying on just print advertising on the university campuses was also something we realized was not the most effective. After having tried the method of hanging flyers and leaving brochures we resulted in hardly any sign up in comparison to the face-to-face method. It is also important to note, when students would sign up online and not interact with us, they were much more likely to misunderstand the rules and therefore break them and get charged. It is much more effective for us to send our employees out to the field to answer any questions our users might have regarding our rules and fines. Lastly, I think my time at Zipcar has been the most valuable interning experience I have had yet. With it being my first real project I feel like I grew a lot and understand what my day to day life post-graduation could potentially be like. I enjoyed getting to see my schooling be put into use first-hand instead of just reading and learning about it. Learning about the different management theories during my time at university was necessary, but putting it to use for a real company with real consequences puts the pressure on, in the best way possible.
  • 13. References: 5 C's of Marketing Strategy. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.12manage.com/description_5_cs_marketing_strategy.html Concentrated Marketing. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.12manage.com/description_concentrated_marketing.html Corporate Performance Management. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2014, from http://www.12manage.com/methods_performance_management.html
  • 14. Market Expansion Plan for UCSD We are targeting the incoming freshman and transfer students who do not have cars on campus as well as any other students without cars. Events worth tabling at:  Saturday Sept 27: o UCSD move in for freshmen and transfers. We should table in front of the bookstore since there are 6 different residence halls. We should bring plinko and give away water bottles, 3 free hours in a mini, free membership with the “zipcentives” and a mystery prize which can be a Frisbee. This is the day that we should announce we are having a competition between the residence halls and the residence hall with the most car usage by Halloween will win a Halloween pizza party. When they sign up, we can write which residence hall they live in on the paper and I can keep track of it.  Sunday Sept 28: o The bookstore is hosting a new student welcome party (10:00AM – 5:00PM) where they will be giving away prizes. This is a continuation from the 27th . They begin the “welcome party” at 10:00AM so we should try to be on campus by 9:30. Again, we should be using the same methods as the day before.  Monday September 29: o UCSD has their Student Services Fair beginning at 12:00PM. If we are allowed to table, we should table. If not, we should gorilla market to all the students who are at the fair. We can bring applications with us as well as flyers. At this time we can explain the dorm competition.  Tuesday September 30: o UCSD has a farmers’ Market every Tuesday from 10:00AM – 2:00PM. We should table each Tuesday and have a consistent presence on campus. For this first Tuesday we should table at the “Find Your Niche” since we plan to be in attendance at the Farmer’s Market for the remainder of the semester. o At 11:30AM they are having a find your niche fair. At the fair the various clubs and organizations on campus will be there so we should table this event since most of the new students will be interested. o UCSD’s welcome convocation and dinner begins at 5:00PM that evening which the new student body typically attends. We should gorilla around the dorms around 3:00 since that should be enough time before they all leave but early enough that they are on their way back from the fair and farmers’ market.  Wednesday October 1 o All of the residence halls participate in the “All College Olympics” and have been training for it since move in. Since there has been such hype for this event I think we should table outside of the event, there should be a lot of new students.
  • 15.  Thursday October 2 o All Campus transfer social is from 3:00-5:00PM. We should table this event o Following the transfer social we should move over to the AS Chill & Grill which gors from 6:00-8:00pm  Friday October 3 o First Friday at Price Center begins at 11:00AM  They give away food and prizes  We should table this event since many students come for free food  Saturday October 4 o Meet the Beach begins at 11:00AM at Scripps Beach. This event is very popular every year. I know Rockstar had flags there at the last event so I assume they allow sponsors and will hopefully let us table. If we can’t table we should gorilla and push the fact that they had to take a bus to get to the beach. After October 4th the events on campus seem to slow down. We should keep a consistent presence on campus by attending the weekly farmers market and tabling. The week of the 20th we should table in front of the various dorms to remind them about the competition for the pizza party. Throughout all these events we will also be passing out our “zipcentives” and explaining to students how they work. We will also try to sign them up on the spot so that we know the gift cards will be logged in and used. Once we are finished with the welcome week activities it will be time to move on to the Greek organizations and various clubs on campus. Typically the sororities have weekly meetings on Monday nights and fraternities on Sundays. I will get in contact with the various sorority presidents and explain who we are. If allowed, we will do walkarounds to the sororities and fraternities to get them to sign up. To get them motivated to sign up and use the Zipcars, we will put the Greeks in a competition of which house can use the cars most and whichever fraternity/sorority has the most sign-ups/usage will win either a pizza party dinner or the equivalent amount of money donated to their charity of choice. The same competition will be applied to the various clubs and organizations that are on campus. On Friday 9/19 I will contact the various organization leaders on campus to find out when they meet and when we can stop by.
  • 16. University Market Expansion Plan:  Create a San Diego Zipcar Twitter, Instagram and Facebook to post to the students and encourage them to follow us. o Twitter and Instagram competition to try to get #UCSDZipcar #SDSUZipcar #USDZipcar and #PLNUZipcar to be used with pictures of the students in cars to win a free Zip Trip or driving credit  Make a contest and put the different dorms against each other o Give the winning team driving credit and a pizza party!  Continue to have a strong presence on campus o Bring Plinko and give away prizes including driving credit, shopping bags, Frisbees, and phone wallets. o Try to attend at least once a week so that if students have questions they know we are reliable and will be on campus o Farmers Market  Reach out to various organizations and clubs on campus o Greek Life  Put the Greeks in a competition similar to that of the students in the dorms. o Student Organizations  Do walk-arounds and give them an incentive to sign up with us and drive!
  • 17. University Market Expansion Updated Plan:  Twitter and Instagram competition to try to get #UCSDZipcar #SDSUZipcar #USDZipcar and #PLNUZipcar to be used with pictures of the students in cars to win a free Zip Trip or driving credit o Unable to post on behalf of Zicpar on Instagram  Still encourage them to hashtag when we have face to face contact  Create a San Diego Zipcar twitter, Instagram and Facebook to post to the students and encourage them to follow us o Since we can’t have local accounts, encourage them to follow our national Zipcar social media accounts  Make a contest and put the different dorms against each other o Possibly break it down even further to the various floors against each other for who has the most sign ups and usage. o Give the winning team driving credit and a pizza party!  Continue to have a strong presence on campus o Extremely helpful to have a car on campus with the tabling! o Bring Plinko and give away prizes including driving credit, shopping bags, Frisbees, and phone wallets. o Try to attend at least once a week so that if students have questions they know we are reliable and will be on campus o For tabling, be on the main walkway and know that there will be a steady flow of traffic when people are going to and from class. o Farmers Market
  • 18.  On Tuesdays at UCSD and Thursdays at SDSU o Orientation o For SDSU – table before we know there is a basketball game and try to speak with them on the way to their games  Reach out to various organizations and clubs on campus o Greek Life  Put the Greeks in a competition similar to that of the students in the dorms.  Greek houses are typically very competitive and philanthropic; putting them in a competition to see who gets the most sign ups and usage would result in them winning a $100 donation to their philanthropy. o Student Organizations  Do walk-arounds and give them an incentive to sign up with us and drive!  Bring our flyers and cater our marketing efforts to said organization. .  Leave surprise and delights in the cars for students o Try to leave nice notes as well o Try to leave surprise and delights when we know students have finals and midterms as an extra “good-luck” from Zipcar!  Contact the Fluent representatives and coordinate on campus events with them as well as get their updated plans so we do not overlap.