Penicillins in action...how do they work?
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For video: https://youtu.be/YCn2sX030As A short explanation to Penicillin mechanism of action and how resistance develop.
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Penicillins in action...how do they work?
Editor's Notes
- Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. And since then it had been treated as the magic cure..many invincible diseases that could kill humans in hours started to heal by simple doses of this magic drug.
- All creatures can’t live without cell membrane and bacteria are no exception.. Most bacteria has a substance in their membrane called Peptidoglycan which is very important for structural and osmotic pressure related reasons. It’s formed of sugars and amino acids that are cross linked together to keep the cell intact.
- As the bacteria grow and multiply, their cell membrane starts to break and that’s when penicillins come to action. They inhibit the enzyme responsible for cross linking the peptidoglycan.
- The Enzyme is called: DD-transpeptidase. And so the bacteria dies!
- Even though the number of penicillin-resistant bacteria is increasing, penicillin can still be used to treat a wide range of infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Streptococci, Staphylococci and other many other/
- Then, where is the problem? Many Bacteria, specially gm –ve (E.coli for example) Produce an enzyme called B-lactamase.. You see the green cycle? The red colored structure inside it is called B-lactam and it’s essential for penicillin activity. This enzyme breaks it down causing penicillin to be inactive.
- The problem is that the resistance mechanism can be transferred from one bacterium to another causing further resistance!
- Newer Antibiotics have been developed to inhibit the B-lactamase enzymes..like methicillin, which is a broad spectrum antibiotic that works against gm+ve and gm-ve bacteria. Sadly, resistance is spreading against those too.
- If you found this video helpful don’t forget to subscribe to see the rest of our antibiotic series videos once they are released^^ Channel Name: About Drugs