General anatomy of esophagus for All medical students

1. ESOPHAGUS
PRESENTED BY:MARIA ZAINAB
3RD SMESTER BS RADIOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION
• THE OESOPHAGUS IS A FIBROMUSCULAR TUBE,
APPROXIMATELY 25CM IN LENGTH, THAT TRANSPORTS
FOOD FROM THE PHARYNX TO THE STOMACH.
• IT ORIGINATES AT THE INFERIOR BORDER OF
THE CRICOID CARTILAGE (C6) AND EXTENDS TO THE
CARDIAC ORIFICE OF THE STOMACH (T11).

5. PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS
• THE ESOPHAGUS IS DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS:
• CERVICAL WHICH TRAVELS THROUGH THE NECK
• THORACIC WHICH IS LOCATED IN THE THORAX, MORE
SPECIFICALLY IN THE MEDIASTINUM
• ABDOMINAL WHICH TRAVELS PAST
THE DIAPHRAGM INTO THE ABDOMEN, REACHING THE
STOMACH

6. PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS
CERVICAL PART THORASIC PART ABDOMINAL PART

8. CURVATURE OF ESOPHAGUS

11. BLOOD SUPPLY
• THE ARTERIES SUPPLYING THE ESOPHAGUS ARE GENERALLY NAMED
‘ESOPHAGEAL ARTERIES.
• THOSE SUPPLYING THE CERVICAL PART ORIGINATE FROM THE INFERIOR
THYROID ARTERY, A BRANCH OF THE THYROCERVICAL TRUNK OF
THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY.
• THE THORACIC AORTA SENDS ESOPHAGEAL ARTERIES TOWARDS THE
THORACIC PART.
• THE ABDOMINAL PART IS SUPPLIED BY ARTERIES FROM THE LEFT GASTRIC
ARTERY, A BRANCH OF THE CELIAC TRUNK AND THE LEFT INFERIOR PHRENIC
ARTERY

14. VENOUS SUPPLY
• THE VESSELS DRAINING THE ESOPHAGUS OF DEOXYGENATED BLOOD ARE
CALLED ‘ESOPHAGEAL VEINS’. THEY DIFFER ACCORDING TO THE VESSELS
INTO WHICH THEY FLOW:
• VEINS FROM THE CERVICAL PART DRAIN INTO THE INFERIOR THYROID
VEINS.
• THE THORACIC PART IS DRAINED BY VEINS THAT FLOW INTO
THE AZYGOS AND HEMIAZYGOS VENOUS SYSTEMS, AS WELL AS INTO
THE INTERCOSTAL AND BRONCHIAL VEINS.
• THE VESSELS FROM THE ABDOMINAL PART OPEN INTO
THE LEFT AND SHORT GASTRIC VEINS.

16. INNERVATION
(CERVICAL)
• IT IS UNDER INVOLUNTARY CONTROL BY
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
• THE PARASYMPATHETIC COMPONENT OF
THE CERVICAL PART IS SUPPLIED BY THE RECURRENT
LARYNGEAL NERVE (A BRANCH OF THE VAGUS NERVE
(CN X)) WHILE THE SYMPATHETIC FIBERS ARISE FROM
THE CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC TRUNK.

17. THORASIC
• THE THORACIC PART OF THE ESOPHAGUS IS
INNERVATED BY THE ESOPHAGEAL PLEXUS, AN
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS NETWORK SURROUNDING THE
ESOPHAGUS. THE PARASYMPATHETIC COMPONENT OF
THE PLEXUS ORIGINATES FROM THE VAGUS NERVE,
WHILE THE SYMPATHETIC FIBERS ALSO STEM FROM
THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK RUNNING ALONG THE NECK.

18. ABDOMINAL
• IN CONTRAST TO THE PREVIOUS TWO, THE ABDOMINAL
PART OF THE ESOPHAGUS IS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT. ITS
PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION ARISES FROM THE
THORACIC ESOPHAGEAL NERVOUS PLEXUS, WHILE ITS
SYMPATHETIC COMPONENT ORIGINATES FROM THE
FIFTH TO TWELFTH THORACIC SPINAL NERVES (T5-T12).

20. THANK YOU