Shear stress and surface energy are the optimizing data to truly conduct the activities in the cell. A high or low shears initiate a remarkable ability to induce exponential activities in biochemical processes. Increasing shear generates a big in chemical potential of high shear and low shear liquids so a chemical system induce osmotic pressure. The high shear liquids attract low solvent of a shear liquid. Since there is a mass transfer by osmotic pressure where electric or electrostatic potential influence the mass transfer. Thus, the conductance is naturally involved in the process. Lecture covers the fundamental sciences of the friccohesity and survismeter and their potential to connect with shear stress, surface energy, osmotic potential, conductance.

1. Friccohesity and Survismeter: New State of Art in
Nanoformulations
&
functional interfaces of molecular coordinates and
physicochemical properties
Prof. Man Singh
Dean, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of
Gujarat, Gandhinagar
Email: mansingh50@hotmail.com
Gujarat University UGC-Human Resource Development
Centre
Gujarat University Campus Ahmadabad, 22nd Nov 2019

2. Nanothin film: Thermodynamically and kinetically stable
• Nanothin film or monodisperse stoichiometrically balanced
or distribution normalized UV reflection
• Patrice size least and surface area is more
•
Application of molecular interaction engineering in nanoscience and drug design
• Bulk water or bulk oil does not reflect light
• Larger surface area and shorter particle
size induces surface activities
• nanoscience and drug design
• Didn’t absorb any of rays (wavelength)
rather reflect due to monolayer
• Multilayer absorbs light

3. Non-Lennard Jone Potential distance
Benzene –water LLI at Non-Lennard Jone Potential distance
2211 dndnSdTVdPdGmix  
ln0
activityginteractin moleculemolecule cRT 
2
0
pm
pm
4
q
F
pm
pm
r
q
























612
4)(
rr
rVLJ


nm distance

4. Fundamentals of friccohesity
• Original genesis, dynamic and kinetic
• Existing equation could not answer hidden interfacial
science when subjected to experimental formulations
• Dual force theory
• Fundamental index of product formulation
• Physical expressions of cohesive and frictional forces
• Rheological sciences through shear stress and shear rate
• Thixotropic and rheopectic
• Newtonian and non-Newtonian
• Newtonian 1st order shear kinetics for molecular interaction
engineering (MIE)
• NonNewtonian 2nd order shear kinetics for MIE
• Ionic hydration and molecular hydrates
• Associated NPs binding to be carried away
• Interlaminar extension opposing shear rate

5. Foundation of friccohesity thin capillary
Thin films in semiconductor, piezoelectric, Ferro electronics
• Water and Hg capillaries separately work but they are used
in formulation so their interfaces have never been studied
as CF and friction both work well
• Now it is studied with friccohesity

6. Weakens CF/surface tension increases friccohesity & surface area: SDS
Higher CMC resolution
Needs extra efforts
to determine CMC
Model based on
single force
measurements
Two force model
Slope

7. Friccohesity depicts SA on weakening of CF with temperature
On increasing temperature an
expansion increases surface area
 
A
18
A
29
2
2
2
N
1x10
aor
N
1x10
a
a
mol
1
aor
1
aor







nm
mol
m
m
m
mol

8. Enhanced water-water and
ethanol-ethanol CF squeezed
out water molecules
Surface energy of aq-CTAB in NE increases on increasing temperature
Curcumin dispersion in O/W NE with ethanol
Glycerol
surfactant
Naturally aligned
Thermodynamically-kinetically
unstable NE at higher temperature
Temperature reorient
phobicphobic inter
Critical aggregation
concentration
Higher T raised 
 lowered

9. The natural meniscus proves and explores a ground of
friccohesity
• With Hg stronger CF induced no adherence of solvent
• So no frictional forces are generated
• With water moderate CF exists and allowed water to rise
along wall and induced frictional forces
• Nanoemulsion have adherence of solvent around
antioxidants, free radicals and carry them to distribute
• Scientists focused a single mode like surface tension and
viscosity measurements separately
• But left their functional interface to Prof. Man Singh to
invent the interface
• So he invented friccohesity

10. Could not focus potential of interface for formulations
except individual experiments
• Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932), Baltic German
Chemist, Noble prize 1909, founder of physical chemistry,
Ostwald Viscometer
• Leo Ubbelohde German chemist (1877-1964), Ubbelohde
viscometer
• USA Company Cannon & Brookfield Viscometers, cost
intensive and beyond approach
• Sophisticated device, poor reproducibility and frequent
interruptions
• Adherence of solvent/medium via IHS (ionic hydration
spheres) and NHS (nanohydration spheres)
• It requires specified pressure regulation and kinetic control
• For accurate shear stress and strain studies

11. German Chemist Leo Ubbelohde (1877-1964)
Inventor: Ubbelohde viscometer
Kinematic viscosity ν, m-2s-1


 
• Demerits of Ubbelohde viscometer
• No energy distribution for equilibrium, no buffer
bulb
• No pressure equilibrium as no CPU arrangement
• Hydrostatic fluctuations due to no pressure
circuit
• Borosil mansingh survismeter inhibits these drop
backs of century old device
00
0
sp
0
,
-
or1










 spsp
Specific viscosity
0
0
1
t
tt
rsp

 For dilute solutions

12. Applications Dr. Jean Leonard Marie Poiseuille
Non-Newtonian kinetics of process: protein
unfolding
• Non-Newtonian fluids, Pouiselle’s equation is used for
blood flow in capillaries, veins, air flow in lung alveoli,
for flow through a drinking straw or hypodermic needle
• Alpha to beta sheets deconvolution of proteins with time
• French Physician & Physiologist (1840-1846)
• Dr. Jean Leonard Marie Poiseuille studied his heart
pumping
• He was studied flow of human blood in narrow tubes
lv
rp
8
4




Δp is pressure drop
l capillary length, v volume
π is constant
The η is shear stress or interlaminar interactions

13. Surface tension experiments with individual device
• French Physicist Pierre Lecomte du Noüy (1883-1972): du
Noüy platinum ring method
• Ring is slowly lifted up from liquid surface in open disc
• Unsuitable for volatile solvents, VOCs: Evaporation
• Ludwig Traube (1818-1876) German physician co-founder
experimental pathology: Traube Stalagmometer
• Cenco DuNouy Tensiometer & Wilhelmy Platinum-
Iridium Plate Tensiometer in open disc: Evaporates
• Centre gravity is not maintained that produce wrong results
• Quattropolar mechanism of pressure control maintains
symmetric CF center
• Produce reliable results & is cost effective
• Survismeter is made up of borosilicate high quality glass
with almost zero surface forces

14. Pierre Lecomte du Noüy (1883-1947)
French biophysicist and philosopher is best remembered for
work on surface tension & other properties of liquids
Demerit: Complete wetting
θ = 0 is assumed
but θ ≠ 0
,
,
Scratch on plate produce wrong data
Cleaning & drying with spirit lamp
every time
BMS no scratch θ=90, sin 90=1
Wilhelm
y
Plate
Method


cos.l
F

0cos.l
F

l
F
 Cos 0 =1
θ never 0
Expands
Molecule
sticks
Evaporates
Sample
in open

15. Physicochemical potential of friccohesity for
homogenizing, thermodynamic-kinetic stability index
of product formulation/nanoemulsion
.
Stoichiometric balance
Fundamental
concept of
friccohesity
generation
1.Top to down
2.Bottom up
Solute is top to
down, disruption
Into solvent
So solvent is
bottom up

16. CMC of Magnus salts: Metallosurfactants
Tetradecyltrimethylammonium
bromide
hexadecyltrimethylammonium
bromide
Hydrophobicity decides CMC
C= 14
C= 16
RSC Advance 2016

17. Octyltrimethylammonium
bromide: OTAB
Decyltrimethylammoniu
m bromide: DTAB
dodecyltrimethylammonium
bromide: DDTAB
tetradecyltrimethylammonium
bromide: TDATB
hexadecyltrimethylammonium
bromide: HDATB

18. Contribution of n-CH2 for CMC

19. Friccohesity and survismeter functional link
Coagulation vs gravity: Philicphobic stoichiometry


vs
t
h 2
Nanohydration sphere with more shear thermodynamic and kinetic
stability
Higher
friccohesity with
stronger
thermodynamic
and kinetic
stability More thermodynamic
and kinetic stability
Lower friccohesity
with stronger
thermodynamic
and kinetic stability

20. Molecular interaction
engineering
Thermodynamically and kinetically stable NE

21. Na reacts with H2O dipole and not with kerosene: Water-
kerosene nanoemulsion for estimating Na
activity/dispersion at low entropy scale
Dipole strongly reacts
Nanoemulsion of water and kerosene oil

22. Tears of wine account to surface tension
ingredient
 Water = 72.86 mN/m (20)
 Alcohol = 22.39 mN/m
Surface pressure = 50.47 mN/m
Surface tension gradients

23. Friccohesity for natural nanodust cleaning
• Lotus leaf is holiest in religion
(Roman Paganism)
• Leaf stays dry & clean
• Water drop on a leaf beads up &
rolls off a waxy surface
• With higher CF the drop washes
away dirt particles as it goes
down
• Microscope does not show waxy,
smooth surface
• It is bumpy that repels out water
• No hindrance is applied on
rolling particle so stops comes
down

24. Organic solvodynamics contribution of N & NH2
,
0.3500
0.4502
0.5504
0.6506
0.7508
0.8510
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
v
i
s
c
o
c
i
t
i
e
s
molality
Viscosity PY+ACN
Viscosity BEN+ACN
Viscosity ANI+ACN
Activities in acetonitrile
Aniline > pyridine > benzene
Activity ratios
m
activityecomparativ





25. Pi-conjugation regulates ACN aligning mechanism
,
 = 0.0201m2 + 0.3397m + 29.451
R² = 0.9893
 = 0.0211m2 - 0.1933m + 29.573
R² = 0.8646
 = 0.039m2 + 0.6949m + 29.253
R² = 0.9994
28.50
29.50
30.50
31.50
32.50
33.50
34.50
35.50
36.50
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
m
N
/
m
m, mol/kg ACN
surface tension pyridine in ACN
surface tension benzene in ACN
surface tension aniline in ACN

26. Medical uses of surface thin film for jaundice test
• Surface tension of normal urine is ≈ 66 mN/m
• The  of urine of jaundice patient drops to ≈ 55 mN/m
• Bilirubin in bile of jaundice patient’s urine drops 
• Hay test: Powdered sulfur is sprinkled on urine surface
• Sulfur powder floats on normal urine but it sinks when  is
lowered by bile
In Jaundice, tissue & mucous membrane become yellow from staining
with bilirubin passed into bloodstream from liver
• Tests are developed for determining sugar level in urine
• Disinfectant solutions lower  & spread on bacteria cell
walls & disrupt them
• Aqueous CTAB 37 mN/m low surface tension compared to
72 mN/m of water acts as effective disinfectant

27. ST gradient in soldering, Toy industry
• ST of soap solution is less so it spreads over large area to
wash clothes effectively as dirt particles stick to soap
molecules
• Soldering flux reduces ST of molten tin so it spreads
• Antiseptics-Dettol has low ST so it spreads faster: Less g/L
• On sticking a camphor tablet to bottom of a wax-duck and
float it on water surface
• Duck moves randomly after few min
• Camphor dissolves in water and ST of water below duck
decreases than surrounding liquid
• It creates a difference of force of ST which makes duck to
dance

28. Higher friccohesity of antifoging thin film
• Antifogging occurs by minimizing  and non-
scattering film of water rather than single droplets
• Antifogging chemicals prevent water vapor condensation in
form of small droplets on surface similar to fog
• Multiple tinny drops with infinite focal length blur
reflected light
• Antifoging was initiated by NASA for project Gemini for
transparent glass, plastic surfaces in optical applications
like lens & mirror in glass, goggle, camera lens, binocular
• It is an wetting
• Antifoging treatments work either by surfactant film or
creating a hydrophilic surface

29. Shear stress-shear rate index of drug carrying capacity
• For Newtonian liquid
viscosity is independent
of rate of deformation
• For Non-Newtonian
viscosity is not constant
as shear stress vs shear
rate are not linear for
honey, paints----,
• Apparent viscosity is
slope values as it
belongs to product
formulation
Newtonian
Non-Newtonian

30. 0 surface tension of urea, methylurea and dimethylurea
0 viscosity tension of urea, methylurea and dimethylurea
Organic functional groups
Surface tension has more sensitivity for
temperature
Viscosity less sensitive for T/K
Newtonian

31. Temperature sharpen transitional changes

32. Singh M, Bull J. Chem. Edu. 18,2009, 172
Magnetic effect on
protein-water binding
Magnetic flux
Identification of proteins-magnetic
field interaction to identify protein
Non-Newtonian

33. Higher shear stress or viscosity
or interlaminar multiple
interacting dots causing multiple
nanohydration spheres (NHS)
Lower shear stress or viscosity or interlaminar
moderate multiple interacting dots with
moderate NHS: Supercritical mixtures
Shearstress,N/m2
Shear rate, s-1
honey
High shear
Low shear rate
low shear stress
High shear rate

34. Friccohesity distinguishes types of liquids derived from shear
stress







dy
dv
A
F

s1 1-






dy
dv
s1 1-






dy
dv
s1 1-






dy
dv
s1 1-






dy
dv







dy
dv


35. CH3OH (meth) CH3CH2OH (eth) CH3CH2CH2OH(pro)

36. Ethanol as cosolute hinders NaCl ionic hydration
Friccohesity as NaCl-AqEt>RbCl-AqEt>KCl-AqEt-TTDMM>RbCl-
AqEt>KCl-AqEt (0.002-0.0055mKCl) >KCl-AqEt>KCl-AqEt-TTDMM
(0.006-0.010mKCl) infer water disruption by NaCl that is
simultaneously occupied by ethanol hinders stronger ionic hydration
formation compared to KCl which shows lower friccohesity
Friccohesity infers disruption and interactions of solvent with solute

37. American society for testing & materials: ASTM
ASTM standards  = centipoise (cP)
1 p = 1 g cm-1s-1 =10-3 kg 102 m-1s-1
1 p = 0.1 kg m-1s-1 = 0.1 Pascal
1 cP=[(0.1)/100] Pa·s = 0.001 Pa.s or mPa. s
cP = 1 mPa·s = 0.001 Pa·s
water viscosity = 8.90×10-4 Pa·s at 25°C
= 0.890 cP
Glycerol viscosity = 1490 cP
Honey = 2,000-10,000 cP
Castor oil = 985 cP
Corn syrup = 1380.6 cP

38. Narrow id
• Hg induce
no
frictional
forces
• H2O
induces
friction
forces
Capillary rise = f()
No Hg adherence no FF

39. Microfluidics or friccofluidics
Weaken of cohesive forces

40. Natural friccofluidics or
Microfluidics
• Water carries many
electricity conducting food
items through
microcapillaries
• These conduct electricity
• It is natural friccofluids as
shear/adherence/frictional
and cohesive forces work in a
most continuity mode
• Had there been any air bubble
or break friccofluidics stops
working
Carefully opened hard skin without
disrupting

41. Microfluidics 5
milliampere is passed
though orange nerve
Continuity of fluid in
orange nerve with
chemical ingredient
These respond

42. Unfolding pepsin at electromagnetic dose of 2.5 Ampere & 63 Gauss
• ,
Pepsin with 0.005 mol/LFeCl3 at similar electromagnetic dose
Fe3+ = 3d5
SEM images

43. Surface area (1/, cm2/mol) of 0.05 g% pepsin at 1.0, 1.8, 2.1,
2.5 Amp at 22, 35, 47, 63 Gauss with time respectively
τ = surface excess conc. 1/τ = surface area
R = 8.314 J/mol/K, T= 294.15 K
 = 26.084 - 0.5388G + 0.0026G2 (Std eqn.)
• Cohesive forces are weakened that
increase surface area, pepsin activities
and friccohesity
• It increased a shear stress and strain
 = - 2.303 RT τ log c
 
A
18
A
29
2
2
2
N
1x10
aor
N
1x10
a
a
mol
1
aor
1
aor







nm
mol
m
m
m
mol

44. Singh M, Bull J. Chem. Edu. 18,2009, 172
Magnetic effect on
protein-water binding
Magnetic flux
Identification of proteins-magnetic
field interaction to identify protein
Magnetorheological fluids
Quattropolar magnetic
arrangements to polar
peptide bonds
Tryptophan
Tyrosine

45. Constant magnetorheological activities on magnetic doses
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B6
High reversibility
Critical point
in alignment
Constant  value
Heterocity causes more shear in B1
Thickener: Starch, gel, protein 

46. Quattropolar alignment
of pressure for
friccohesity interface
• Constant liquid volume
activation for CF and FF
• Similar id of capillary
• Constant dimensional
geometries
• Constant temperature and
pressure
• Similar head on pressure
• Minimum kinetic energy
and buoyancy corrections
Survismeter
Vertical
position
R4M4: ►Reduce ► Reuse ► Recycle
► Redesign
► Multipurpose ► Multitasking ►
Multitracking ► Multifaceted

47. Contact angle θ correction for pendant drop
• Liquid accumulates at lower circumference of capillary of
id (r, mm) becomes equal to γ
mg = πdγ Sinθ
• m drop mass, g gravitational force (9.81 ms-2), d capillary
id, θ is contact angle in degree
• Falling pdn around circumference forms
θ < 900
• Tip of capillary is sharpened to form
θ = 900
Sin90 =1 so mg = πdγ
• It has assisted pdn formation for γ calculation with fixed
buoyancies
θ

48. To engineer philicphobics for thermodynamically-kinetically
stable (TKS) nanoemulsions
• Initiation of philicphobic activities by a single surfactant molecule to
disrupts HB water
• Philic moiety disrupts HB water to reorient or act as a cover to align
phobic part to a single
• Concept and mechanism
• Working force
• Molecular dipoles
• Increasing cationic and anionic sizes
• Conjugation compared to
• Hyperconjugation
• Induced dipole
• Aromatic and aliphatic effects

49. Iodine induced dipole sensor for phase extraction
• Nonionic surfactant Tween20 enhaced mutual solubilization (EMS)
of water and CCl4 at LLI
• EMS has catalysed philicphobic activities confined to LLI with
certain IFT values
• EMS is determined with larger iodine amounts transfer from organic
to aqueous phase
• More is EMS less is IFT and higher is friccohesity
• Philic moieties of Tw 20 disrupted HB of water reorienting monomer
water around them
• Phobic alkyl chain of Tw20 induced phobic interactions to weaken
IMF of CCl4 phase
• Partition coefficient increased linearly
• Higher friccohesity makes more iodine transfer
• Monomer water favours induced dipole interactions
• Tw20 catalysed iodine phase extraction from CCl4 to water via
anionic sensation
Best method for selective separation of F-, Cl-, Br-, I-

50. G, J/mol, I2-aq-phase increases on decreasing dG,J/mol, org-
phase
G, J/mol for I2-aq-phase increases on decreasing dG,J/mol in org-phase
n
orgpn
org
aq
p CK
C
C
K /1
aq/1
Cor 
orgp C
n
K log
1
logClog aq 
pKRTG log303.2

51. Gibbs energy for phase extraction
.
Nomixingzone
LLI mixing zone
Nomixingzone

52. Shear stress
 Surface
energy
Increase concentration and ACL/CnTAB on  and 
Minimum critical
cohesive forces to set
more adherence
Reversible
friccohesity
Critical
thermodynamic and
kinetic stability point
DTAB, T-DATB, H-DTAB
Phobic
interaction
Primary condition
for NE

Similartoredox

53. Friccohesity of antioxidants NE with cationic surfactant with 10% aq-
DMSO
Dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB),tetradecyltrimethyl
ammonium bromide (TDTAB) and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium
bromide (HDTAB) with flavonoids
Quercetin (Q), apigenin (A) and naringenin (N)
Friccohesity (σ) order WBDN>WBDA>WBD>WBDQ
1 bond
2 bond
Phenolic 5-OH
2 bond Phenolic 3-OH
Phenolic 3-OH

54. The σ for WBD(a), WBDQ(b), WBDA(c) and WBDN(d) with DTAB, TDTAB and HDTAB at
T = 298.15(◊), 303.15(□) and 308.15(Δ)
WBD
WBDQ
WBDA
WBDNH-DTABS senses
apigenin
AC compatible
B= BSA used as NE stabilizer

55. Melamine formaldehyde polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer resin
MFP: Superadhesive macromolecule
PVP mol weight: 10,000, ,29,000, 40, 000, 55,000 g/mol
Singh M., Kumar Vinod, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 114, 1870, 2009
MFP polymer resin of 1 : 16 : 1 ratio of melamine, formaldehyde
(CH2(OH)2, polyvinylpyrrolidone, respectively, by condensation
polymerization at 6.9 pH
Multiple lone pair of electrons

56. Superadhesive: Multifunctional structure
Unique rheological potential for nanothin films, APPS
Intramolecular multiple force theory
IMMFT
Tentropy simulates lone, shared
pairs of electrons orbital are not
equal. T of tentropy depicts
French word troquer that
induces disorder within a
molecule

57. high resolution due to
shear force
high resolution
due to force
coefficient
Distinguishes
mass ratios
FF + CF = 1
Stoichiometric control: Friccohesity role of two forces
Friccohesity trends infer a close relation between shear stress and rate vs surface energy

58. Does not distinguishes
stoichiometric ratios
CF & IMF
are valuable
Dimension and orientation involved in measuring CF express molecular activities
Some mechanism was missing:
That was friccohesity

59. Quantitative determination of friccohesity to thermodynamic
and kinetic continuity of nanoemulsions



















00
0
n
n
t
t

B/t & 0.0012(1-ρ) range from 10-7 to 10-6, & are omitted then
equation becomes as













00
0
nt
tn
   tn
nt 00
0
 
cM
nt

00
0
  tnM c
Or Or
Mansingh equation
  tn
Proportionality constant noted as Mansingh constant
Kinetic energy corrections Buoyancy corrections
 
inPT
n
n
t
B
t
t
,,00
0 10012.0 

















 
   NPstoadherence,or inP,T, solventfnt 
Friccohesity elucidates aeration of sample, ultra-transitional changes

60. Higher friccohesity infers TiO2 NPs penetration into chicken
embryo confirmed by ICP-OES
• TiO2 as metal oxide NPs interact with biomolecules and subsequently
cause embryonic toxicity in higher vertebrates which was not reported
yet
• 10 and 25 μg/ml TiO2 NPs, lower doses, produce higher friccohesity
and activation energy as TiO2 NPs interact with egg albumen contrary
to its 50 and 100 μg/mL with higher molecular radii
• TiO2 makes antireflection philic thin
• Morphometric data of chicken embryo recorded a reduction at all
TiO2 NPs doses, but toxicity and developmental deformity
(omphalocele and flexed limbs) were recorded at lower doses only
• Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
determined the Ti in chicken embryos

61. IONs interactions with Egg albumin inhibited embryo growth
• IONs = iron oxide NPs, induce interactions with Egg albumin and
200g/mL IONs effective
• It caused toxicity with egg albumin so no growth of chicken embryo
• Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-
OES) found Ti in chicken embryos

62. 19 days growth of chicken embryo due to TiO2 NP percolation

63. Phase extraction across LLI on lowering IFT for NE formation
HDL in air HDL LDL
IFT HDL
HDL in LDL HDL
n
n
 
 

   
         
Mutual
solubilization,
hydrate formation
Survismeter
In air
In liquid
Liquid-liquid
engineering for
IFT = 0
NE percolation activity needs
IFT = 0

64. I2 phase extraction from CCl4 to aq-phase by nonionic surfactant
phaseorg
phaseaq
partition
cI
cI
K



2
2
  inTpart
cityhydrophobifI ,2 
I2 is separated within jacket RB
• Tw80 develops stronger phobic
interaction with CCl4 at LLI
• Lowers IFT forming a
localized NE
• Tw80-CCl4 interaction salt out
its I2 to aq-phase
I2 aq-P
I2 org-P
KP
T60>T20>T40>T80

65. Contribution of  bonds and lone pair of electrons using
survismeter. It detects activities of bond of 0.154 to 0.147 nm
Three pi bond contribution to IFT with water at NTP
IFT of 3 pi bond = 14.32 -10.59 = 3.59 mN/m
= 3.6/3, = 1.2 mN/m or 1.2 mJ/m2
3 pi bonds predict less mutual solubilisation (MS) of water and
benzene than cyclohexane. The 12 H could induce MS
Benzene produces lower friccohesity with stronger CF ( = 28.88 &  =
0.603) than cyclohexane ( = 25.3 mN/m &  = 0.93) at 20C.
G0 = -6598.96 J/mol with deeper
potential energy well i.e. much energy is
used for close interaction
G0 = -5850.89 J/mol
G0
cyclohexane : G0
benzene = 1 : 1.1279
Dr. Mondal is credited to
suggest cyclohexane

66. Li+, Na+, K+ ionic hydration vs mutual solubilization: IFT
HB sites increase
mutual solubilization
Aq-CH3COONH4
Lemon-critic acid NE as organic pesticid
T&K stable NE
NE of varied philic phobicity for separation
T&K unstable NE

67. Ionic constant for wettability: Mutual solubilization
.
Theoretically extrapolated to 0 mol/kg still
CH3COONa induce stronger water holding
Higher CH3COONH4
concentrations cause
higher wettability

68. Gibbs energy, J/mol for IPA-water mutual solubilization for NE
.
CH3COONa strongly disrupts H bonded water utilizing
much energy in disrupting and aligning with
CH3COONH4 does not strongly disrupts, bind
or aligns

69. Wetting economy for farmers: WSA working surface area
Friccohesity assist farmers
CF = cohesive forces. AF = Adhesive forces
Nanohydration
sphere with higher
wettability
TiO2 makes antireflection philic thin

70. Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil-dewetting with
cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)
CPC in mouthwashes, toothpastes
(sodium fluoride-NaF-sodium
monofluorophosphate-Na2PO3F)
antiseptic
Only oil、CPC = ０
0.0005%
0.001%
0.0015% CPC
Disruption of intermolecular

71. Determining benzene derivatives:
Hydrophobicity and hyperconjugation effect
Singh M. J. Mol. Liquids 200,
2014, 289New Toluene, ethyl, propyl
and butylbenezen ??
KF induces pi-cation interaction & affects  and 
interaction of toluene increase solubility
Toluene
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
KF acts as regulator

72. -Aqu KI-ethylbenzene
I- induced dipole
hyperconjugation
interaction model for
NE stability
+
-
Benzene
Toluene
ethylbenzene
Induced dipole inhibits hyperconjugation, mutual solubilization
KI acts as regulator

73. Anionic size increases IFT and decreases friccohesity
Induced-induced ion dipole
interaction
53I = 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p5
9F= 1s22s22p5
Detection induced dipoles

74. I- induced dipoles hold water inhibiting mutual solubilization
9F = 1s22s22p5
17Cl = 1s22s22p63s23p5
35Br = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5
53I = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p5
19K = 1s22s22p63s23p64S1
Stronger columbic interaction with shorter ions cause less mutual wetting
KI strongly engages water
KF
KBr
KI
KCl
Simulatory parameters for
developing stable
multifunctional NE

75. Robust benzene-water solubilizing cationic surfactant
Reveres chemical activities of I- when is with surfactant
Hydrophobicity dominate over induced dipoles
Stable NE
forming agent

76. Shear & surface energy (SE) of upper critical solution
.
Shear
SE
BUCT
UCT
AUCT
BUCT
UCT
AUCT
Supercritical medium based NE

77. DFI: Nanostructure of Pt(iv) complexes
MBA= [bis(phenylmethanamine)
tetrachloroplatinum]
M2CBA =[bis(2-chlorophenyl)
methanamine) tetrachloroplatinum]
> 10 mM showed no effect on MCF-7 cell line
No Cl- ion
Cl- at 2 position
causes no effect
For shorter distance, electronegativity of Cl- affects bonding
activity of -NH2 with DNA base pair
CF based Survismeter experiments

78. M3CBA= [bis(3-chlorophenyl) methanamine)
tetrachloroplatinum]
M4CBA= [bis((4-chlorophenyl) methanamine)
tetrachloroplatinum]
M4FBA =bis((4-fluorophenyl)
methanamine) tetrachloroplatinum
< 10 mM showed effect on MCF7 cell line
Cl- at 3 position showed
slight effect
F- at 4 position
showed similar
effect as of Cl- at
4 position
Cl- at 4 position showed considerable
effect
Electronegativity
Steric hindrance

79. DNA intercalation dynamics of p chloro position
• Ortho, meta, para positions of Cl atoms on
diphenylmethanamine tetrachloroplatinum (DPMA-TCP)
induce dipole moment, electrostatic activities due to pi
conjugation of benzene ring
• Cl- withdraws electron so its position affects its interacting
activities with DNA base pairs for their intercalation
• Para position of Cl- seem to cause substantial electrostatic
poles that cause dipolar interactions with base pairs
• Positions of Cl and O atoms become most influential
studies

80. • DNA-Drug
interaction
mechanism
• Drug-
Friccohesity-
Interaction
disrupts DNA
cohesivity of
base pairs
• It lowers ST
due to
intercalation
• It causes higher
viscosity
• It coincides
with anticancer
activity of drug
Intercalation
adenine
Thymine
H bonding disruption, decreasing γ
due to drug attack
Anticancer activity, due to drug binding or interaction
DFI

81. Drug friccohesity interaction: Critical friccohesity state
CF=FF
CF= between DNA base pairs (A-T & G-C)
FF=between DNA base pair &Drug molecule
Some stoichiometric activities seem to work

82. MP of 1st tier dendrimers vary = 1.0:1.12:1.56:1.79:1.81
MP
126.94
MP
141.98
MP
198.42
MP
227.68
MP
229.14 +I effect
Trimesoyl tridimethyl
malonate

83. Drug transportation mechanism
Dendrimer-drug conjugates
• Drug gets covalently linked
to peripheral functional
groups & release of drug
becomes enzymatic
degradation
• Entropic entanglement
different friccohesity
Jianing M., Bi-Botti C., Disclosures
Nanomedicine. 2010, 5(9), 1385
Encapsulation of drug
• Hydrophobic internal cavity
of dendrimer facilitate
encapsulate water insoluble
drug
• N and O present in internal
cavity, form HB with drug
Entropic stabilization Steric
hindrance

84. 42.15
42.20
42.25
42.30
42.35
42.40
42.45
42.50
42.55
42.60
42.65
42.70
0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008
Surfacetension,mN/m
mM
TTDMM TTDEM TTDPM TTDBM TTDHM
Lower ST of TTDHM compared to TDMM inferred higher hydrophobic
forces responsible for lower cohesitivity
Behave as nonionic surfactants TTDPM
TTDHM
TTDBM
TTDEM
TTDMM
i
i
d
i
d  
Larger surface area and lowest energy
In DMSO solvent
Lowest surface energy
It should have stronger shear forces
to carry the drug

85. • The  depends on structural constituents so π-conjugated electron
releasing cores & dialkyl chain affect entanglement within DMSO
• Fluid dynamics Newtonian liquid. Solvent entanglement entering
structures water into void spaces: Ideal drug vehicle
Viscosity
# CH2: TTDMM (0), TTDEM (6), TTDPM (12), TTDBM (18)
& TTDHM (30)
TTDMM
-EM
-BM
-PM
-HM
Survismeter  determines tire

86. Ascending hydophobes strength: Friccohesity theory
• Water on TTDHM surface exhibits ~150 contact angle
• TTDHM superhydrophobe so salts out oil from water
• TTDHM superhydrophobe removes non-polar from polar molecules
• TTDHM superhydrophobe dissolves fat
• It emulsifies waste burnt mobile oil/greasy wastes to form stable NE
with stronger washing ability
Physicochemical synergetics of liquid mixtures of functional molecules
• Monodisperse with
least cohesive forces
and larger surface area
• Least surface energy
for easy drug
encapsulation
• No transient state with
Newtonian shear so no
interaction with drug

87. Silibinin release profile from dendrimer
Greater control over
release profile
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0 2 4 6 8 10
SBrelease(%)
Time, h
SB release from TTDMM SB release from TTDEM
SB release from TTDPM SB release from TTDBM
SB release from TTDHM
Release studies indicate:
• Initial burst release of SB
• Sustained release over several h in PBS + 10 % DMSO
• SB releases from TTDMM > TTDHM
TTDHM
TTBHM
TTDPM1st order drug release mechanism
No induction with drugs

88. # -CH2- decides fate of release SB release
Increase in CH2
Decrease SB release (%) rate
Multipotential = LDF
Brownian motions
100%
Sb from liquid to intramolecular phase
Linear phenomenological process

89. 0.0140
0.0141
0.0142
0.0143
0.0144
0.0145
0.0146
0.0147
0.0148
0.0149
0.0150
0.0151
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
Friccohesity,σ/s·m-1
Friccohesity of Released SB
Suitable for non-optically active or superactive drug
TTDMM + silibinin
Per h
Credited goes to Dr. Mondal for UV
inactive drugs analysis

90. PTFE =
Polytetrafluo
roethylene

91. Survismeter best model for drug dissolution, binding study
Densities, surface tension, viscosity of blank and drug loaded
Formulation are used to estimate drug activity with equations
100dispersioncurcumin%
formationunloaded
x
formationunloadededencapsulat





 



100curcumin%
formationunloaded
xedencapsulat
formationunloadededencapsulat





 



100curcumineofBinding%
formationunloaded
xdncapsulate
formationunloadededencapsulat





 



Effective binding and transportation of curcumin is best
studied with survismeter due to similarities of capillary flows

92. TP6MM
TCTMM
TCPMM
TP4MM
Trisurfactantomethylol melamines forming gel cum NE
Best gel forming
TCTMM (TriCTABmethylol melamine),
TCPMM (TriCPCmethylol melamine),
TP4MM
(Tripolysorbate-40), TP6MM
(Tripolysorbate-60methylol melamine),

94. Viscosity average molecular weight: Mv
Mv is calculated with Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation
Log [η] = log k + a log M
‘k & a’ as function of polymer-solvent interaction & noted as
Mark-Houwink constants
These are determined with different molecular weights of
PVOH as standard markers
The M is polymer molecular weight of Ni total number
polymer molecules of Mi weights fitted in eqn.
a
ii
a
ii
v
MN
MN
M
1
1





















ii
ii
v
MN
MN
M
2
Here,
constant a=1
 
M
R3
DcB
c
r

1 Intrinsic viscosity [η] = Bc=0

95. Polymer molecular weights
The ‘k & a’ of log[η] = log k + a log M, determined with
45,000, 50,000, 65,000, 70,000 & 90,000 g/mol PVOH as
markers, Mv are 60562, 56990 & 64269 kD of R1, R2 & R3
][lim
1
0 



c
r
c
Nm
KnM
KM
a
a
v



1
aa
v
nM
nM
M
1
1










M is related to number of molecules n
Hence
Nm
nM
Mv



2
If a=1
Nm
nM
Mw



2
But weight average mol. Wt. Mw
Hence Mv = Mw+ but Mn=Mv=Mw

96. Accuracy and resolution of measured properties
1. Surface tension (±10-2mN/m) or energy (±10-2mJ/m2)
2. Interfacial tension IFT (±10-2mN/m)
3. Wetting coefficient (±10-10kg/Ns)
4. Surface area (± 10-2 m2/mol)
5. Viscosity ( ± 10-4 mPa.s)
6. Activation energy (± 10-4 mJ/mol2)
7. Friccohesity ( ± 10-6 s/m) Dual Force Theory
8. Molecular interacting efficiency
9. Surface tension and viscosity study of volatile,
inflammable, carcinogenic samples
10. Solvent binding
11. Size of micelles

97. Nomenclature & Genesis of Survismeter
n-in-1 natural science
Sur: Derives from surface tension, interfacial tension, cohesive
force, wetting coefficient, surface area, surface activities
Vis: Viscosity, frictional forces, Newtonian & non-Newtonian
liquids, solvent binding & carrying, shear stress
Meter: Quantity assessment for non-ideal analysis
Theory: Potential energy & liquid distribution equilibrium
(PELDE) in closed carburetor
Friccohesity (s m-1): Frictional & Cohesive forces
Friccohesity: Dual force theory for integrated profile of fluid
dynamics
Eco, environ & users friendly analytical equipment

98. Resolutions of parameters
1. Surface tension = ±10-3mN/m or energy = ±10-3mJ/m2
2. Interfacial tension IFT = ±10-3mN/m
3. Wetting coefficient = ±10-10kg/Ns
4. Surface area = ± 10-2 m2/mol
5. Viscosity = ± 10-5 mPa.s
6. Activation energy = ± 10-4 mJ/mol2
7. Friccohesity = ± 10-6 s/m, Dual Force Theory
8. Surface excess concentration (τ ± 10-4 mol m-2)
ln 






AhN
V
RS
Entropic
changes
protein,etc.
unfolding
τ data are useful for thin film
, molecular surface area

99. ,
Breakage & fabrication cost 80%
Lab infrastructural expenditure 95%
Glass, blowing gases, O2, LPG, manpower 97%
Prevent heat emission to environment: GW 95%
Transport, maintenance, operation 95%
Chemicals & solvents 98%
Users time, water, cleaning reagents 98%
Experimental human efforts 98%
Electricity [oven, exhaust fan, tube light etc] 98%
Affordable & advanced within economic constraints

100. Contact angle θ of liquid with solid surface
The h column rise, at 200C γ =72.8 mN/m surface tension, ρ =
0.998821 g cm-3, g = 980 cm/s2 gravitational force, r capillary
radius
Cos θ = 0.84 or 0.9999 round off to 1
Cos 0= 1
IFT determines heights, Radii inversely proportional to h



cos
2

grh For example, the water
With data as under-
12-
-2-3
scmg2x72.8
cm0.05xscm980xcmg0.99821xcm5.2
cos 

cm


101. Viscosity calculation
.
0
00



 


















t
t
Viscosity
• The t0 & t viscous flow times for solvent & solution
respectively
• The ρ0 & ρ densities respectively
• The η0 is viscosity of solvent
2
1
-
i )x-(x
1
1


n
in
s
Standard
deviation
n= data points
xi = exp. data
x- average data

102. Surface tension calculation
.
0
0
0



 


















n
n
• The n0 & n pendant drop numbers for solvent & solution
respectively measured with survismeter
• The ρ0 & ρ densities respectively
• The γ0 is reference liquid surface tension
• Surface tension is work done on 1 cm2 of 1 cm thick
• Dyne/cm CGS & mN/m SI units
• Lungs fluid surface tension 15-25 mN/m
• Higher surface tension causes stronger cohesion & not
proper expansion for O2 intake
• Metallic surface coating, anti-rusting coats: thin films
• Nanoparticle or sol gel thin film is most fascinating

103. IPCP = integrated
physicochemical
properties

104. Man Singh US
Patent No.
7,987,700 B2
,
Oscosurvismeter
• Osmotic
pressure
• Conductance
• Potential & pH
• Surface tension
• Interfacial
tension of
nanoemulsion
• Viscosity
Boon for
nanoemulsion &
colloids
The most
advanced
version

105. Experiments with reverse osmosis
Pushing piston
forward to pass solute
across SPM

106. Chromatography separations
Friccohesity controls
molecular separation due
to FF & CF operating
through a stationary phase
It separate components of
inks, dyes, pigments for
chemical composition of
many substances
Each bands is with specific
friccohesity

107. Chromatographic separation
Separation column

108. Poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone oximo-L-Valyl-Siliconate-POVS
Excellent model of hydrophobes
Highly useful
for acoustics, biosensors
structural
protein unfolding
Atomic tier system
Tier 2
Tier 1
TEOS
Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 31, 1869, 2010
HH

109. Radii of POVS macromolecule
,
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
0 0.5 1 1.5
nanometer
g % in water
 = volume fraction, entangled solvent



5.21
0
 r
3
4
3
AN
r



Larger population
stronger cohesive
forces size less
NA=6.023X1023
Less population
weaker cohesive
forces size larger

110. Fermentation checking, similarly bioremediation
,
Fermentor
On going fermentation process
for checking production of
biosurfactants
Department of
Biochemical
Engineering
& Biotechnology
IIT-Delhi
Basically Survismeter is a dream project
Piston
pump
Pressure
regulator

111. Air filter for SOx, COx, NOx, HCl, H2O, VOCs, COCs,
polychlorinated biphenyls, SPM
Biofluids,
biomolecules
even nitrogen
Environment is
allowed
Radon in air
So filter device is must
suspended carbon matriculates
Acid, alkali
moistened air,
as acid rain, So
filter device is
must

112. Critical Tn Concentration (CTC)

113. Graphene has replaced metallic electrodes
Negative and positive holes: Semiconductor mechanism

114. Accidental model for in situ free radical of glycerol

115. Dr. Sachin B Undre Deshmukh & research scientists nurturing survismeter science to
benefit users and sustainable environment at
Saves 95% resources, infrastructure,
Asset for volatile, carcinogenic, inflammable
Modern Scientific BT533453000 Borosil Mansingh
Survismeter: Product Code: SKUB3209165
Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada
University, Nanded Maharashtra

118. Technology
transfer
to industry

119. Singapore Govt. IPR

120. 0.00000
0.000
00.00000
1 2 3
Spirit leveler
Sachin Safety Plate
Thermometer
PDN Counter
Digital timer
IFT
Silicone tube
L-Shaped glass adopter
Piston pumpOperat ional
stopper
Leveling Screw
Thermometer
Holder
Thermometer
Socket
Plunger
Zero energy band
CPU
FMTRB
STU
PL
FB
BB
FFR
VU
Reflactor
Light
On/ Of f JunctionOperat ional
stopper
sample
I/ O
Circulating
Outlet
Circulating
Inlet
Needle
Acrylic Base
BMS Bottom
Supporting
Base
Casing
Groove
Thermostatic
Liquid
Acrylic
EC
FM
FM

121. survismeter

122. Resources generating real reel to wheel forward
• 1st Edition
• Hardback
£116.00
• eBook £37.79. eBook
Rental from £21.00
• Pan Stanford .
Published January 29,
2019
Reference - 404 Pages -
16 Color & 404 B/W
Illustrations
ISBN 9789814774703 -
CAT# K409802