This document defines and discusses emergency obstetrical and neonatal care (EmONC). EmONC refers to medical interventions that treat life-threatening complications during pregnancy and childbirth in order to save lives. Specifically, EmONC saves around 280,000 women and 3 million newborns per year and prevents millions of disabled conditions. There are two types of EmONC: basic EmONC (BEmONC) which provides 7 essential medical interventions, and comprehensive EmONC (CEmONC) which provides the same interventions plus additional procedures like transfusions and surgery. While EmONC has been available for decades in developed countries, in low-income countries where most maternal and neonatal deaths occur, health systems