BASISC OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY

1. AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY
(BASICS)

2. Design Evolution
Construction

3. Classification of Vehicles

4. Seven Basic body shapes
This Toyota Camry is an example of a late model Sedan Two-passenger convertibles are called sports cars

5. Have open Cargo area behind Driver’s compartment.

6. Vehicle Dimensions

7. Passenger Car Geometric Angels (Measured on longitudinal center plane)

8. KERB WEIGHT : The un laden weight of the vehicle No passengers/ No Load condition.
GVW : Fully laden weight of the vehicle with Passengers/ Goods at rated Payload.
PAY LOAD : Rated load of the vehicle, the difference between GVW and KERB weight.
Vehicle parameters
Vehicle weight
Vehicle Gradability
GRADABILITY : The maximum gradient a vehicle can climb, under GVW conditions, in first gear.

9. MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS
Minimum turning radius : The radius of the circle made by the outer most point in the vehicle,
while taking a turn with maximum wheel turning.
Vehicle parameters
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
VIN : The statutory requirement of an OEM as per standard. It can track the vehicle Serial number,
Production date, location, vehicle type etc.

16. Automotive Vehicles – Types – Terminology
As per AIS – 053(IS 14272)
Scope
This standard defines types, terminology relating to road vehicles based on their design and technical characteristics. The provisions of this standard
apply to some types of vehicles designed for operation on road, namely, motor vehicle, towed vehicle, combination vehicles,
agricultural tractor and construction equipment vehicle.
These definitions are intended for use in classifying the vehicles in the standards for specifying the technical requirements of the
performance of the vehicle and its subassemblies.
Terms and Definitions
Motor Vehicle
Motor vehicle” or “vehicle” means any mechanically propelled vehicle adopted for use upon roads whether the propulsion is transmitted thereto from an
external or internal source and includes a chassis to which body has not been attached and a trailer; but does not include a vehicle running upon fixed
rails or a vehicle of special type adopted for use in factory or enclosed premises or a vehicle having less than four
wheels fitted with engine capacity of not exceeding twenty five cubic centimeters.
M category
A Motor vehicle with at least four wheels used for carrying passengers.
M1 category
A vehicle used for carriage of passengers, comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat.
Definitions of type of bodywork for passenger cars of M1 Category are given in Annex 1 (in AIS-053).
M2 category
A vehicle used for carriage of passengers, comprising nine or more seats in addition to the driver’s seat, and having a maximum Gross Vehicle Weight
(GVW) not exceeding five ton.
M3 category
A vehicle used for the carriage of passengers, comprising nine or more seats in addition to the driver’s seat and having a GVW exceeding 5 ton.
N category
Means a Motor vehicle with at least four wheels used for carrying goods. These vehicles can carry persons in addition to the goods subject to the
conditions in special purpose vehicle are met.
N1 category
Means a vehicle used for carriage of goods and having a GVW not exceeding 3.5 ton.
N2 category
A vehicle used for the carriage of goods and having a GVW exceeding 3.5 ton but not exceeding 12 ton.
N3 category
Means a vehicle used for the carriage of goods and having a GVW exceeding 12 ton.

17. Category T- Towed Vehicle (Trailers):
A non-self propelled driven road vehicle having at least two wheels which on account of its design and technical features is used to transport
persons or goods and is intended to be towed by a motor vehicle; semi-trailer is included in this category.
A full trailer means a towed vehicle having at least two axles, and equipped with a towing device which can move vertically in relation to the
trailer and controls the direction of the front axle(s), but which transmits no significant static load to the towing vehicle
T1 category
A Trailer having a maximum weight not exceeding 0.75 ton.
T2 category
A trailer having a maximum weight exceeding 0.75 ton but not exceeding 3.5 ton.
T3 category
A trailer having a maximum weight exceeding 3.5 ton but not exceeding 10 ton.
T4 category
A trailer having a maximum weight exceeding 10 ton.
T5 category
A semi-trailer intended to be drawn by a three-wheeled haulage tractor.
Combination of vehicles
A motor vehicle as defined in Motor vehicle coupled with one or more towed vehicles as defined in Towed vehicle.
Various combinations are illustrated in Annex 2. (in AIS-053)
L5 category-Three wheeler
A three wheeled motor vehicle with maximum speed exceeding 25 kmph and engine capacity exceeding 25 cc if fitted with a thermic engine, or motor power
exceeding 0.25 kW if fitted with electric motor.
L5M category-Passenger carrier (Auto-rickshaw)
A three-wheeler on account of its technical features intended to carry passengers.
L5N category -Goods carrier
A three wheeler on account of its technical features intended to carry goods.

18. Automobile Spot Welding

19. BODY – In- WHITE
(BASICS)

20. BIW - ‘Body in White' is the term used to describe the whole vehicle body after it has been
welded/bolted together before it is painted or any parts are attached on the fit up line.

21. BiW Components

22. BiW Components
Engine compartment
Passenger compartment
Luggage compartment

23. Vehicle Co-ordinate System (vcs)
.1
X – Axis
•
FOL – Front O Line
•
F/A – Fore / Aft - Direction
.2
Y- Axis
•
COL – Center O Line
•
C/C - Cross Car - Direction
.3
Z – Axis
•
BOL – Bottom O Line
•
U/D - Up / Down - Direction
Origin (0,0,0) position can be assorted based on customer specification

24. Sheet metal forming
Introduction:

25. Cutting (Shearing) Operations

26. Shearing Operations

29. Shearing Dies

33. Forming Operations

34. Bending of a flat sheet or plate

40. Tube Bending

41. Bulging

42. Stretch Forming

43. Rubber Forming

44. Deep Drawing Processes

45. Redrawing Operations

46. Metal-Forming Process for Beverage Can

47. Aluminum Two-Piece Beverage Cans
Aluminum two-piece beverage cans. Note the fine surface finish.

48. Top of Aluminum Can

49. Press for Sheet Metal

50. THANK YOU