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Adversarially Learned One-Class
Classifier for Novelty Detection
概要
Sabokrou, Mohammad, et al.
"Adversarially Learned One-Class Classifier for Novelty Detection.“
Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition. 2018.
• 画像の異常検出について
• AutoencoderとGANを利用したend-to-endな学習方法を提案
2
研究背景
• 画像における異常検出の関心
– 異常データは少ないかまったくない事が多い
– 正常データのみを学習する
• 深層学習によるアプローチ
– 画像データから表現学習ができる強力な手法
– 1クラス分類をend-to-endで学習できる手法はない
3
深層モデルによるend-to-endな異常検出手法の提案
関連研究
• Autoencoderによる方法
– 正常データのみでAutoencoderを学習
→異常データに対しては再構築誤差が大きくなるはず
– しきい値設定などが必要(End-to-endではない)
• 統計的手法
– 特徴抽出→分布モデルを当てはめる
• 分布から外れていれば異常
– 特徴設計が困難
– 高次元になると難しい
4
提案手法
• Autoencoder + GAN
• Rで再構築→Dで判定
5
Reconstructor
• GANのGeneratorに相当
• Autoencoderの構造
• ノイズの含まれた正常画像を復元する
→異常画像はうまく復元できない
– 異常検出における前処理を担う
– Rを通すことにより正常と異常の差異が強調される
6
• Rの出力から正常or異常を判定
7
Discriminator
ネットワークの訓練 (1)
• R: ノイズ入り画像を復元する
1. Dを騙す
2. オリジナルに近い画像を出力する
• D: Rの出力と本物のデータを区別する
8
訓練データ分布 正規分布
目的関数
ネットワークの訓練 (2)
• イテレーションの流れ
1. 訓練データからバッチを取得
2. Dのパラメータ𝜃 𝑑を更新
3. 訓練データからバッチを取得
4. Rのパラメータ𝜃𝑟を更新
• 終了条件
– GANの損失関数LR+Dで判断するのは困難
– 再構築誤差LRにより判定
– しきい値を下回ったら終了
9
異常検出
• Dの出力により判定する
10
精度の評価
• MNIST
– 手書き数字のデータセット
– ある1クラスを正常とする
– その他のクラスから10%~50%サンプリングし異常とする
• UCSD dataset
– 屋外の監視カメラ映像のデータセット
– 歩行者が大部分を占める
→その他を異常とする(車,自転車,スケボーなど)
– 各フレームを分割した小パッチに対して学習する
11http://www.svcl.ucsd.edu/projects/anomaly/dataset.htm
精度の評価 (MNIST)
12
精度の評価 (UCSD)
13
• 特にD(R(X))は他の深層学習手法に並ぶ高い精度
• 高精度な比較手法はドメイン特化or複雑な特徴抽出
• 提案手法は汎用的・シンプル
14
Rの効果 (1)
Rによってクラス間の差異が強調される
15
Rの効果 (2)
RによってDの出力するスコアが改善
16
Rの効果 (3)
RによってDの出力するスコアが改善
まとめ
• まとめ
– End-to-endで異常検出を行うフレームワークを提案
– 既存手法と比べて高精度を達成
– R, Dの両方を用いることで判別精度が上がる
• 感想
– うまく学習させるのは難しそう
– 半教師あり学習にも拡張できそう
17

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論文紹介:Adversarially Learned One-Class Classifier for Novelty Detection