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3rd stage of labor.ppt
1.
2.
3. THIRD STAGE
• After expulsion of fetus to expulsion of
placenta & membranes (afterbirths)
• Duration :15 min.(primigravida
multigravida)
• AMTSL:5 minutes
4.
5.
6.
7. Methods of placental separation
Central ( Schultze) separation
Marginal (Mathews Duncan) separation
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. Mechanisms to control bleeding
1. Effective retraction of
uterine muscles :
Living ligatures
2. Thrombosis of torn
sinuses
3. Myotamponade:
apposition of walls of
the uterus
14.
15. Management of third stage
• Most crucial stage
• Strict vigilance
• Follow protocols
• Expectant management
• Active management
16.
17.
18. Expectant management
• Look for 3 classic signs of placental separation
– Lengthening of U. cord
– A gush of blood from vagina signifying separation
of placenta from uterine wall
– Change in shape of uterine fundus from discoid to
globular with elevation of fundal height
• Spontaneous/Controlled cord traction (CCT)
• Expulsion of placenta :20 minutes
19. Expectant management
• Massage the uterus
• Intramuscular Oxytocin : 10 IU
• Examination of placenta ,membranes, cord
• Inspect vulva, vagina & perineum
20.
21.
22.
23. CCT
• Modified Brandt Andrews method
• Left hand: palmar surface of fingers placed above
pubic symphysis. Body of uterus pushed upwards
& backwards
• Right hand: cord traction in downward &
backward direction
• Uterus feels hard, contracted
24.
25.
26.
27. Active management
• AMTSL: Active Management of Third Stage of Labour
– Prophylactic uterotonic after delivery of baby
( Oxytocin 10 IU ,IM)
– cord clamping, cutting & Controlled cord traction
of U cord
– Uterine massage
• Excites powerful uterine contractions ,aid in early
placental separation, minimises blood loss &
duration of third stage (5 min.)
50. PPH: hard facts
• Globally in 10-11% women having live births
• Duration between onset of massive bleeding
& death: 2 hours
• 14 million women worldwide
• 1.4 million women die annually
• India : 15-25% of maternal deaths due to PPH
55. Prophylaxis of PPH
• Improvement of health status of mother(Hb>11gm%)
• Identify high risk women
• Plan for institutional delivery /SBA
• Strict vigilance of all women in 3rd stage labor
• Practice AMTSL in all
• Examination of afterbirths ,should be a routine
• Explore Uterovaginal canal following difficult/
instrumental, destructive delivery
60. WHO guidelines
• Give uterotonics routinely during 3rd stage labor, in
all births
• Oxytocin 10 IU IM is drug of choice
• Use other uterotonics only when Oxytocin is not
available
• Late cord clamping( 1-3 min after birth) is
recommended
• Early cord clamping (<1min of birth): not
recommended until the neonate is asphyxiated &
needs immediate resuscitation
61. MCQ1
• Labor is said to be normal if all are present
except:
1. At term
2. Breech presentation
3. Spontaneous in onset
4. Healthy mother & neonate after delivery
62. MCQ1
• Labor is said to be normal if all are present
except:
1. At term
2. Breech presentation
3. Spontaneous in onset
4. Healthy mother & neonate after delivery
63. MCQ2
• Regarding the third stage of labor, following is
not true:
1. Most crucial stage of labor
2. Duration is 15 minutes
3. Uterine inversion is most common
complication
4. AMTSL is routine in all
64. MCQ2
• Regarding the third stage of labor, following is
not true:
1. Most crucial stage of labor
2. Duration is 15 minutes
3. Uterine inversion is most common
complication
4. AMTSL is routine in all
65. MCQ3
• The uterotonic of choice for prophylaxis of
PPH in third stage of labor is
1. Syntometrine
2. Oxytocin
3. Misoprostol
4. carboprost
66. MCQ3
• The uterotonic of choice for prophylaxis of
PPH in third stage of labor is
1. Syntometrine
2. Oxytocin
3. Misoprostol
4. carboprost
67. MCQ4
• All are true in relation to AMTSL except:
• 10 IU of Oxytocin , IM
• Uterine massage
• Reduces the duration of third stage
• Perform in only high risk cases
68. MCQ4
• All are true in relation to AMTSL except:
1. 10 IU of Oxytocin , IM
2. Uterine massage
3. Reduces the duration of third stage
4. Perform in only high risk cases
69. MCQ5
• Complications during third stage of labor are
all except
1. PPH
2. Chronic Uterine inversion
3. Retained placenta
4. Amniotic fluid embolism
70. MCQ5
• Complications during third stage of labor are
all except
1. PPH
2. Chronic Uterine inversion
3. Retained placenta
4. Amniotic fluid embolism
71. MCQ6
• The most frequently observed method of
placental separation :
1. Marginal separation
2. Central separation
3. None
4. both
72. MCQ6
• The most frequently observed method of
placental separation :
1. Marginal separation
2. Central separation
3. None
4. both
73. MCQ7
• The most important method to control
uterine bleeding following delivery
1. Myotamponade
2. Thrombosis
3. Contraction& retraction of uterine muscle
4. none
74. MCQ7
• The most important method to control
uterine bleeding following delivery
1. Myotamponade
2. Thrombosis
3. Contraction& retraction of uterine muscle
4. none
75. MCQ8
• Following are true regarding misoprostol,
except
1. Low cost
2. Easy storage
3. Administered rectally
4. Drug of choice for AMTSL
76. MCQ8
• Following are true regarding misoprostol,
except
1. Low cost
2. Easy storage
3. Administered rectally
4. Drug of choice for AMTSL
77. MCQ9
• Following is true regarding Oxytocin
1. Given as IV bolus dose
2. Thermolabile
3. Contraindicated in cardiac patient
4. Causes hypertension
78. MCQ9
• Following is true regarding Oxytocin
1. Given as IV bolus dose
2. Thermolabile
3. Contraindicated in cardiac patient
4. Causes hypertension
79. MCQ10
• Prevention of PPH, all are true except
1. Treatment of anemia in antenatal period
2. Practice AMTSL in all
3. Home delivery in high risk cases
4. In forceps delivery, explore uterovaginal canal
80. MCQ10
• Prevention of PPH, all are true except
1. Treatment of anaemia in antenatal period
2. Practice AMTSL in all
3. Home delivery in high risk cases
4. In forceps delivery, explore uterovaginal canal
