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YUKI YU
东西伯利亚天然⽓气开发
——中国市场的供求前景
Senior oil&gas analyst at Energy
Observer Magazine
Independent researcher, conducting
energy industry investigation and
research
Key clients include tier-one investors
and industry players
yuki.inc@protonmail.com
回顾
东西伯利亚——中俄油⽓气合作进展迅速
▸ 2014年5⽉月21⽇日,中俄东线天然⽓气的30年供⽓气协议,38bcm/y,总额4000亿美元
▸ ⻄西伯利亚⼒力量”(Power of Siberia, POS)管道项⺫⽬目——原定2018年通⽓气
▸ 2014年9⽉月1⽇日,中俄东线天然⽓气管道POS俄罗斯境内段管道开⼯工建设
▸ 2015年6⽉月29⽇日,中俄东线中国境内段管道在⿊黑⻰龙江⿊黑河市正式开⼯工修建
▸ 2015年12⽉月17⽇日,《中俄东线天然⽓气管道项⺫⽬目跨境段设计和建设协议》和《中国⽯石油和俄⽓气
⽯石油合作谅解备忘录》签署
回顾
东部天然⽓气计划
来源:Gazprom
回顾
“西伯利亚⼒力量”项⽬目之外——中俄油⽓气合作进展和困境并存
▸ 亚⻢马尔LNG项⺫⽬目中⽯石油⼊入股
▸ 中⽯石化收购⻄西布尔油⽥田10%股权
▸ 亚⻢马尔项⺫⽬目丝路基⾦金⼊入股;进出⼝口银⾏行、国
开⾏行120亿美元贷款
▸ 中化集团和Rosneft合作开发东部化⼯工项⺫⽬目
▸ 中俄⻄西线管道(阿尔泰线)谈判搁置状
▸ Gazprom提出了第三条管道路线
Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok
▸ Rosneft出售Vankor与Taas Yuriakh油⽥田股
权,转让给印度公司
Positive Negative?
回顾
ALTAI ROUTE
来源:Gazprom
阻碍因素:国内天然⽓气需求增速不及预期、油⽓气体制改⾰革不确定性、价格因素
2014年提出:
回顾
▸ Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok
来源:Gazprom
▸ 核⼼心问题:Vladivostok LNG项⺫⽬目的市场前
景很⼤大程度上取决于⽇日本市场的承诺
现状
俄罗斯向中国出⼜⼝口天然⽓气项⽬目——前景
笔者整理
现状
东部油⽓气项⽬目——不确定因素
▸ 中国经济增速放缓,影响其油⽓气整体需求。俄罗斯
对华出⼝口60%以上为原油及⽯石油化⼯工产品,去年中
国进⼝口俄罗斯商品314亿美元,同⽐比减少19.1%
▸ 东线⼀一期管道项⺫⽬目正在推进,然⽽而未来中国国内天
然⽓气市场需求的不确定性将影响东部绿地油⽓气项⺫⽬目
的开发进度(如科维塔⽓气⽥田,萨哈林项⺫⽬目)
▸ 东亚LNG⻓长期协约和现货市场的⾛走向,可能会影响
东线⼀一期未来的市场供求平衡情景(38bcm/y, 预
计其中的20bcm输⼊入东北市场,⽽而有18bcm会在
渤海区域市场,后者可能会⾯面对澳⼤大利亚和北美
LNG进⼝口、低价LNG现货的冲击)
▸ 尽管“⼀一带⼀一路”战略将提供强⼤大的⾦金融⽀支持。但担
忧美国对俄制裁问题,对俄贷款⾛走向谨慎。承诺贷
款出现迟迟未付的情况 (Vankor油⽥田与Taas
Yuriakh油⽥田的股权出让似乎因此易主)
▸ 宏观经济因素
▸ 国内市场需求
▸ LNG竞争因素
▸ 融资
供需前景
2015—天然⽓气需求拐点
中国天然⽓气需求——预期与现实
2014 2015 2015
预计需求
[低情景]
2015
预计需求
[⾼高情景]
Total
Consumption
181.6 193.0 224.9 241.3
Domestic
Production
130.8 135.0 141.9 153.3
Imports 59.5 61.4 75.0 88.0
▸ “⼗十⼆二五”预计2015年天然⽓气需求将达到2300亿⽴立⽅方⽶米(230 bcm),实际上去年天然⽓气总消费量
在193 bcm
▸ 中⽯石油在2015年下调2020,2030年天然⽓气需求预期,2030基准情形下调了100bcm
中⽯石油经研院;国家发改委
bcm
供需前景
2020,2030天然⽓气需求
2015预测
2020 2030
⾼高情景 低情景 ⾼高情景 低情景
总需求 394.7 336.6 556 457
国内常规天然⽓气产量 185 170 230 210
国内⾮非常规 59.7 31.6 116 57
LNG进⼝口 70 60 80 70
管道进⼝口 80 75 130 120
中⽯石油经研院 2015
▸ “⼗十三五”制定过程中,原来的预测是2020天然
⽓气需求达到400bcm。但去年,中⽯石油认为
2020的需求应该只有320 bcm,另外也有独⽴立
分析提出更为悲观的预测,仍为2020需求在
270 bcm左右。
▸ 这意味着,部分天然⽓气供应会被挤出
bcm
▸ 挤出:国产天然⽓气,煤制⽓气,中亚管道,⾼高斜
率LNG⻓长期协约
▸ 延期:中缅管道(⼆二期),中俄管道(⼆二期)
▸ 不变:中短期LNG合同,LNG现货,⻚页岩⽓气,
煤层⽓气,海⽓气
结论和建议
东部天然⽓气项⽬目前景——寻找新切⼊入点
▸ 东线项⺫⽬目可能⾯面对⼀一定延期,但市场对380亿⽴立⽅方⽶米供⽓气前景保持乐观
▸ 东部天然⽓气项⺫⽬目中的⼀一些上游绿地项⺫⽬目(如科维塔⽓气⽥田开发,库⻚页岛三期,Vladivostok
LNG项⺫⽬目)会延期,并⾯面对较⼤大的融资挑战
▸ 渤海湾天然⽓气市场的竞争局⾯面,是否能推动新的基础设施建设?——中国境内的地下储⽓气
库,以及可能的管道外输项⺫⽬目
▸ 东部上游项⺫⽬目⾯面对融资和市场压⼒力,但同时也是国内油⽓气技术、设备和服务商的机遇——
特别在联合技术研发和装备制造⽅方⾯面
▸ 俄罗斯正在推动的企业私有化改⾰革,将为国内油⽓气企业和投资者提供机遇——Rosneft公
司19.5%?
▸ 中国天然⽓气市场正在出现⼀一批新的投资者,包括国有电⼒力企业、⼤大型私营天然⽓气供应商
以及地⽅方省⺴⽹网均在寻求更强的上游话语权,这意味着市场格局正在缓慢发⽣生转变,这些
企业是否会成为东部天然⽓气项⺫⽬目新的合作⽅方?
DEMAND FOR HELIUM
CURRENT SUPPLY
▸ China currently depend entirely on imported
helium—2015 total import 2836.8 ton with average
price $ 50.4
▸ Strategically, China aims to improve diversification
of helium supplies—2015 the helium imported from
Qatar remained stable—US reduced and Australia
increased
▸ Imported price has been going down, approaching
production cost, however, helium imports
remained stable in China
▸ Strong demand from Chinese market in the future—
from optical fibre industry, semiconductor and
even the future HTGR reactors development
2015 Helium Imports in China
12%
28%
60%
Qatar
US
Australia
END
THANK YOU & HOPE TO CONNECT
▸ yuki.inc@protonmail.com
▸ wechat:yukiines

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Eastern Gas Pespective -2